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湖南省岳陽(yáng)市2016年中考?xì)v史真題試題（含解析）
材料一：封侯非我意，但愿海波平材料二：《清時(shí)期全圖》（圖1）材料三：從一定意義上說(shuō)，一部中國(guó)近代史就是一部列強(qiáng)侵略中國(guó)的歷史，更是一部列強(qiáng)從海上侵略中國(guó)并頻頻得手的歷史．﹣《海權(quán)與近代史中國(guó)的歷史命運(yùn)》材料四：《中國(guó)第一艘航空母艦?遼寧艦》（圖2）（1）材料一中，寫(xiě)下一豪邁詩(shī)句，并取得“海波平”最后勝利的民族英雄是？（2）根據(jù)材料二，為鞏固海防，1684年清朝在圖中A處設(shè)立的管理機(jī)構(gòu)是什么？B處信息顯示，清朝前期疆域的最南端包括了哪里？（3）材料三反映了中國(guó)近代有海無(wú)防.1840年，英國(guó)第一次從“海上侵略中國(guó)”并“得手”的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是什么？為了捍衛(wèi)中國(guó)的海上主權(quán)，在黃海戰(zhàn)役中壯烈殉國(guó)的致遠(yuǎn)艦管帶是誰(shuí)？（4）新中國(guó)第一支海軍部隊(duì)成立于何時(shí)？綜合材料三、四，中國(guó)海防力量從無(wú)到有，由弱到強(qiáng)的根本原因是什么？
湖南省婁底市2017年中考?xì)v史真題試題（含答案）
【思想的光芒】材料一 老子，中國(guó)古代偉大的思想家，春秋時(shí)期楚國(guó)人。他曾做過(guò)周朝管理藏書(shū)的史官，孔子曾向他問(wèn)禮，感嘆他學(xué)問(wèn)的高深。年老時(shí)，留下了五千言的名著。這部著作流傳甚廣。據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織統(tǒng)計(jì)，它是世界上被譯成外國(guó)文字最多的著作之一?？鬃?，中國(guó)古代偉大的思想家和教育家，春秋時(shí)期魯國(guó)人。弟子三千，其言行被編成《論語(yǔ)》一書(shū)。他為我國(guó)文化教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，被后世尊稱(chēng)為“萬(wàn)世師表”?？鬃拥乃枷朐谥袊?guó)和世界思想史上享有重要地位。（1）材料所述老子的“名著”是什么？（1分）作為“萬(wàn)世師表”的孔子，其思想的核心是什么？（1分）戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)在思想文化領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)了“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”的局面，請(qǐng)列舉其中一個(gè)學(xué)派及其代表人物。（1分）
湖南省衡陽(yáng)市2017年中考?xì)v史真題試題（含答案）
【北魏改革】材料一 孝文帝日：“今欲斷北語(yǔ)，一從正音。其年三十以上，習(xí)性已久，容或不可卒革。三十以下，見(jiàn)在朝廷之人，語(yǔ)音不聽(tīng)仍舊，若有故為，當(dāng)加降黜，各宜深戒?！薄浴顿Y治通鑒》（1）北魏是我國(guó)古代北方少數(shù)民族鮮卑族建立的北朝政權(quán)，它在孝文帝改革時(shí)對(duì)鮮卑等少數(shù)民族實(shí)行漢化政策。材料一體現(xiàn)了漢化政策的哪一方面？漢化政策產(chǎn)生了怎樣的影響？（4分）【唐皇長(zhǎng)策】材料二 自古皆貴中華，賤夷狄，朕獨(dú)愛(ài)之如一，故其種落皆依朕如父母?！铺冢?）材料二體現(xiàn)了唐朝政府對(duì)于民族關(guān)系怎樣的態(tài)度或政策？試舉唐與吐蕃交往的一例予以說(shuō)明。（4分）
湖南省邵陽(yáng)市2017年中考?xì)v史真題試題（含解析）
材料二從公元 476 年西羅馬帝國(guó)滅亡到 14～16 世紀(jì)文藝復(fù)興之前， 歐洲是政教合一的封建時(shí)代，宗教裁判所可以僅僅因?yàn)椴剪斨Z信奉哥白尼的日心說(shuō)這樣一個(gè)科學(xué)學(xué)說(shuō)，而把他視為異端判處死刑，燒死在羅馬鮮花廣場(chǎng)上。因此，歐洲中世紀(jì)的科技經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步都受到了極大的阻礙，史稱(chēng)“黑暗的中世紀(jì)”。而這一千年，中國(guó)國(guó)家長(zhǎng)期統(tǒng)一，經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展，中華封建文明在大踏步前進(jìn)……以四大發(fā)明為標(biāo)志的傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)更為世人所稱(chēng)道……只是到了近代才落后于西方?！幾酝跤迳秱鹘y(tǒng)文化與中國(guó)科技發(fā)展》（1）根據(jù)材料一并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)，指出中國(guó)古代科技在世界科技史上的地位變化情況。（4分）（2）根據(jù)材料二并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)，概述公元401～1500年中國(guó)古代科技發(fā)展的主要原因。（6分）（3）下圖是某校初三·三班呂亞楠同學(xué)制作的中國(guó)“古代四大發(fā)明”手抄報(bào)照片，其中“四大發(fā)明是什么”的答案有點(diǎn)模糊不清，請(qǐng)你補(bǔ)充完成。（ 4 分）
湖南省張家界市2015年中考語(yǔ)文真題試題（含答案）
①馬鈴薯是菜還是糧?在1月6日舉辦的馬鈴薯主糧化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研討會(huì)上，豐富多彩的馬鈴薯主食制品令人大開(kāi)眼界。馬鈴薯全粉占比40%的饅頭、面包、馬鈴薯芝士蛋糕等，都顛覆著人們對(duì)馬鈴薯的認(rèn)知。②農(nóng)業(yè)部副部長(zhǎng)在會(huì)上表示，要以科技創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)馬鈴薯主糧化發(fā)展，推動(dòng)形成馬鈴薯與谷物協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的新格局。據(jù)介紹，馬鈴薯有望成為稻米、小麥、玉米之外的第四大主糧作物。它的種植面積將逐步擴(kuò)大到1.5億畝，年產(chǎn)鮮薯增加2億噸，折合糧食約為5000萬(wàn)噸。
湖南省張家界市2019年中考語(yǔ)文真題試題（含解析）
讀書(shū)不能死章句，需要思考一個(gè)“活”字。李白在《嘲魯儒》中說(shuō)：“魯叟談五經(jīng)，白發(fā)死章句。問(wèn)以經(jīng)濟(jì)策，茫如墜煙霧?！痹?shī)人對(duì)那些夸夸其談而沒(méi)有真才實(shí)學(xué)的“魯叟”進(jìn)行了辛辣的嘲諷。這些人談起五經(jīng)頭頭是道，問(wèn)起經(jīng)世濟(jì)民之策卻茫然無(wú)知。他們拿腔拿調(diào)，架子十足，卻死于章句，不知時(shí)變。陸游《冬夜讀書(shū)示子聿》中的觀點(diǎn)，則更加值得那些“魯叟”們深思。他說(shuō)“紙上得來(lái)終覺(jué)淺，絕知此事要躬行”，言詞樸素，滿含哲理，詩(shī)中提出的理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的觀點(diǎn)，至今猶有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。只有在實(shí)踐中才能得真知、悟真諦，真正學(xué)有所獲，學(xué)有所用。
湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市2016年中考文綜（歷史部分）真題試題（含答案）
材料 當(dāng)代國(guó)學(xué)大師南懷瑾說(shuō)：中國(guó)文化歷史，在秦漢以前，主要是儒、墨、道三家，籠罩了全部的文化思想。到唐宋以后，換了一家，成為儒釋道三家，這三家又籠罩著中國(guó)文化思想。佛學(xué)像百貨店，有錢(qián)有閑，可去逛逛，逛了買(mǎi)東西也可，根本不逛也可，但社會(huì)需要它；道家像藥店，它包括了兵家、縱橫家的思想，乃至天文、地理、醫(yī)藥，一個(gè)國(guó)家、民族生病，非去這個(gè)藥店不可；儒家的孔孟思想像糧店，是天天要吃的，要深切了解中國(guó)文化歷史的演變、將來(lái)怎么辦，就要研究四書(shū)。
2022年海南省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
2022年河南省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹(shù)干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
2022年湖北省鄂州市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Dealing with a nosebleed（鼻出血）mightseem simple. But recently, the British RED Cross asked parents with youngchildren how to help a child with a nosebleed. About 65 percent of parents didnot ____11____ the correct action to help.
2022年湖北省荊州市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
My earliest memory ofthese events began when I was around four years old. I was filled with ___12___ at that time. There were lots of ___13___ — crying, shouting, and doors slamming (砰地關(guān)上).
2022年河北省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole（北極）todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers（融化的冰川）.
2022年江西省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉機(jī))and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”
2022年福建省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
2022年安徽省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南極).Amundsen arrived first.
2022年吉林省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
2022年北京市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣賞) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
2022年貴州省黔東南州中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention,but they have been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were ___16___electric cars on the road than gasoline（汽油）cars, because at that time,gasoline was expensive compared with other fuels（燃料）, electriccars were more popular.
2022年湖北省恩施州中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Once, herfather took her to the kitchen. He asked Jane to take a potato, an egg ____11____two spoons of tea leaves. Jane was ____12____, and asked her father, “Doyou want me to cook?”
2022年湖北省十堰市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
My arms were shaking and my heart was beating ____19____when I stood at the starting line. ____20____ the endless runway (跑道), I felt like a boatfighting against the wind and rain.