材料一:戰(zhàn)國時期,社會急劇變化,各學派紛紛著書立說,發(fā)表意見,互相辯論,形成了學術繁榮的局面?!缆磿纭吨袊鴼v史》七年級上冊【博大精深】材料二 第三單元 古代中國的科學技術與文學藝術 34 第8課 古代中國的發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn) 36 第9課 輝煌燦爛的文學 42 第10課 充滿魅力的書畫和戲曲藝術 46——《高中歷史(必修三)》
材料一 周以后的秦朝盡管存在時間短暫,卻用一個組織得很嚴密的帝國結構取代了周的分封制…所有這些使中國得到了世界上最穩(wěn)定、最持久的統(tǒng)治.﹣﹣斯塔夫里阿諾斯《全球通史》(1)秦朝在地方上以什么制度取代了分封制?它在中央還采取了什么措施? 材料二 唐王朝的都城長安,修建歷時72年,規(guī)模宏大,布局嚴整,全城南北中軸線兩側東西對稱,棋盤式的街道寬敞筆直;擁有百萬人口,不僅是國內(nèi)交通的樞紐,還是各民族交往的中心,身著各式服裝的邊疆各族人云集到這里;西域諸國的商賈通過絲綢之路前來此城的常達數(shù)千人,是當時世界上著名的國際性大城市…在當時統(tǒng)治者的勵精圖治下,該王朝出現(xiàn)了許多盛世局面…(2)根據(jù)材料,概括唐朝都城長安的特征.唐王朝出現(xiàn)了哪些盛世局面?
材料二經(jīng)過春秋戰(zhàn)國時期的諸侯爭霸,到秦朝統(tǒng)一多民族國家的形成,以皇權為中心的中央集權制度建立起來.歷經(jīng)漢魏至明清,皇帝與宰相之間的權勢此消彼長,中央與地方爭權斗爭接連不斷,最終皇權不斷強化,中央集權逐漸得到鞏固.中央集權制度作為古代中國政治制度的突出特色,對中國歷史產(chǎn)生了深淵影響.中國統(tǒng)一多民族國家的形成與發(fā)展,官僚政治與行政管理以至文化教育傳統(tǒng),無不與此有著密切的關系.﹣﹣摘編自人教版歷史必修①(1)材料一中的示意圖一、二分別反映了我國古代哪個朝代的專制主義中央集權制度?(2)根據(jù)材料二并結合所學知識,指出我國古代專制主義中央集權制度的發(fā)展趨勢.(3)下列是王明同學正在制作額“我國古代專制主義中央集權制度的評價”表格,請不補充表格中的部分論據(jù).并指出王明同學評價我國古代專制主義中央集權制度的方法.
材料一:封侯非我意,但愿海波平材料二:《清時期全圖》(圖1)材料三:從一定意義上說,一部中國近代史就是一部列強侵略中國的歷史,更是一部列強從海上侵略中國并頻頻得手的歷史.﹣《海權與近代史中國的歷史命運》材料四:《中國第一艘航空母艦?遼寧艦》(圖2)(1)材料一中,寫下一豪邁詩句,并取得“海波平”最后勝利的民族英雄是?(2)根據(jù)材料二,為鞏固海防,1684年清朝在圖中A處設立的管理機構是什么?B處信息顯示,清朝前期疆域的最南端包括了哪里?(3)材料三反映了中國近代有海無防.1840年,英國第一次從“海上侵略中國”并“得手”的戰(zhàn)爭是什么?為了捍衛(wèi)中國的海上主權,在黃海戰(zhàn)役中壯烈殉國的致遠艦管帶是誰?(4)新中國第一支海軍部隊成立于何時?綜合材料三、四,中國海防力量從無到有,由弱到強的根本原因是什么?
【北魏改革】材料一 孝文帝日:“今欲斷北語,一從正音。其年三十以上,習性已久,容或不可卒革。三十以下,見在朝廷之人,語音不聽仍舊,若有故為,當加降黜,各宜深戒?!薄浴顿Y治通鑒》(1)北魏是我國古代北方少數(shù)民族鮮卑族建立的北朝政權,它在孝文帝改革時對鮮卑等少數(shù)民族實行漢化政策。材料一體現(xiàn)了漢化政策的哪一方面?漢化政策產(chǎn)生了怎樣的影響?(4分)【唐皇長策】材料二 自古皆貴中華,賤夷狄,朕獨愛之如一,故其種落皆依朕如父母。——唐太宗(2)材料二體現(xiàn)了唐朝政府對于民族關系怎樣的態(tài)度或政策?試舉唐與吐蕃交往的一例予以說明。(4分)
讀書不能死章句,需要思考一個“活”字。李白在《嘲魯儒》中說:“魯叟談五經(jīng),白發(fā)死章句。問以經(jīng)濟策,茫如墜煙霧?!痹娙藢δ切┛淇淦湔劧鴽]有真才實學的“魯叟”進行了辛辣的嘲諷。這些人談起五經(jīng)頭頭是道,問起經(jīng)世濟民之策卻茫然無知。他們拿腔拿調,架子十足,卻死于章句,不知時變。陸游《冬夜讀書示子聿》中的觀點,則更加值得那些“魯叟”們深思。他說“紙上得來終覺淺,絕知此事要躬行”,言詞樸素,滿含哲理,詩中提出的理論與實踐相結合的觀點,至今猶有現(xiàn)實意義。只有在實踐中才能得真知、悟真諦,真正學有所獲,學有所用。
①馬鈴薯是菜還是糧?在1月6日舉辦的馬鈴薯主糧化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研討會上,豐富多彩的馬鈴薯主食制品令人大開眼界。馬鈴薯全粉占比40%的饅頭、面包、馬鈴薯芝士蛋糕等,都顛覆著人們對馬鈴薯的認知。②農(nóng)業(yè)部副部長在會上表示,要以科技創(chuàng)新引領馬鈴薯主糧化發(fā)展,推動形成馬鈴薯與谷物協(xié)調發(fā)展的新格局。據(jù)介紹,馬鈴薯有望成為稻米、小麥、玉米之外的第四大主糧作物。它的種植面積將逐步擴大到1.5億畝,年產(chǎn)鮮薯增加2億噸,折合糧食約為5000萬噸。
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉機)and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole(北極)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南極).Amundsen arrived first.
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣賞) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
My earliest memory ofthese events began when I was around four years old. I was filled with ___12___ at that time. There were lots of ___13___ — crying, shouting, and doors slamming (砰地關上).
Dealing with a nosebleed(鼻出血)mightseem simple. But recently, the British RED Cross asked parents with youngchildren how to help a child with a nosebleed. About 65 percent of parents didnot ____11____ the correct action to help.
My arms were shaking and my heart was beating ____19____when I stood at the starting line. ____20____ the endless runway (跑道), I felt like a boatfighting against the wind and rain.
The December day started like any other. Papacame back with his boat full of fish. Mama made breakfast for the family.Seven-year-old Joonas was doing his homework, while his two little brothers ranaround the yard.
Once, herfather took her to the kitchen. He asked Jane to take a potato, an egg ____11____two spoons of tea leaves. Jane was ____12____, and asked her father, “Doyou want me to cook?”