通過觀點(diǎn)對(duì)對(duì)碰的活動(dòng),學(xué)生可以自由地交流自己的想法。這一環(huán)節(jié)不用限制學(xué)生表達(dá)什么,要允許他們自由選擇,但要說出理由。讓學(xué)生自由地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),可以了解學(xué)生最真實(shí)的想法,也可以讓他們互相學(xué)習(xí),教師只需要在最后總結(jié),對(duì)早起晚起以及先做后做產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果進(jìn)行具體的分析即可。在交流中引導(dǎo)學(xué)生知道什么事可以做,什么事不可以做。拓展延伸,總結(jié)升華設(shè)計(jì)意圖出示古文經(jīng)典詩句,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生讀悟,既是對(duì)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的積累和傳承,也是對(duì)前面活動(dòng)的總結(jié)延伸,并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)珍惜時(shí)間。開放式的提問,引發(fā)學(xué)生思考,又為第二課時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)做了一個(gè)鋪墊??偨Y(jié)收獲:在這次的暑假生活中同學(xué)們學(xué)會(huì)了很多本領(lǐng), 參加了許多有意義的活動(dòng),還懂得了許多做人的道理。新的學(xué)期開始了, 令人難忘的暑假假生活也畫上了一個(gè)句號(hào)。但老師相信,只要用心過,就會(huì)有收獲,同學(xué)們?cè)谛聦W(xué)期也能收獲更多!
通過學(xué)生個(gè)說,資源共享、相互學(xué)習(xí),了解國旗、國徽?qǐng)D案象征意義。通過王二小、黃繼光、趙一曼幾位烈士故事,走進(jìn)中國解放戰(zhàn)爭、抗日戰(zhàn)爭炮火紛飛的年代,“國旗的鮮紅是烈士的鮮血染紅的”深入心田,讓學(xué)生真切感受到新中國的生日來之不易。突破教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。活動(dòng)三設(shè)計(jì)意圖:捕捉課堂情感的高潮,巧妙宣泄在兒歌誦讀中。將學(xué)生對(duì)英雄的崇敬之情推向一個(gè)嶄新高度,深刻地領(lǐng)悟高尚的愛國情操。播放升旗視頻,在情境創(chuàng)設(shè)中學(xué)生行注目禮、唱國歌,心中涌動(dòng)的激情非同往昔。愛國主義的種子已經(jīng)悄然撒播。攀升了教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)?;顒?dòng)四設(shè)計(jì)理念:通過找一找,學(xué)生明白了在政府機(jī)關(guān)、校園、祭奠先烈陵園、運(yùn)動(dòng)員領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)等地方國旗高高飄揚(yáng)。了解到機(jī)關(guān)、單位、集體才能升掛國旗。繪本中的情境較為常見,通過議一議不少學(xué)生都遇到過,但卻不知如何正確地處理,這一環(huán)節(jié)也是本課回歸生活的重要支點(diǎn)。通過小組討論,教師指導(dǎo)和補(bǔ)充,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生愛護(hù)國旗和國徽,并體現(xiàn)在日常行為中。
⑷如果你在小區(qū)里,遇到小強(qiáng),你會(huì)怎樣做?你真是一個(gè)善良友好的孩子。你還要提醒他一個(gè)人不亂跑,真有法治安全意識(shí)。5.聽了大家的建議,小強(qiáng)真的找到好朋友啦,看。他主動(dòng)和小朋友們一起玩,多開心呀!6.交流:暑假里你有什么煩惱嗎?說給小伙伴聽一聽,也請(qǐng)他們出出主意。同伴互助,交流討論。指名交流:同學(xué)們討論得真熱烈,煩惱都解決了嗎?誰想和大家分享?你來。哦,你有和小強(qiáng)同樣的煩惱?,F(xiàn)在解決了嗎?你爸爸媽媽給你報(bào)了許多興趣班呀?同學(xué)給你出了什么主意來解決呢?對(duì),首先要知道爸爸媽媽是為你好,同時(shí)也可以和他們商量一下,合理安排時(shí)間,選擇最感興趣的班去上,做到勞逸結(jié)合,學(xué)得也會(huì)更好,對(duì)嗎?7.看來,面對(duì)可能遇到的煩惱,同學(xué)們都能認(rèn)真思考,用心過暑假,我們的收獲會(huì)更多。(板貼:用心過)
學(xué)習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)的前三步,體現(xiàn)了深度學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)“觀察——分析——思考——?jiǎng)?chuàng)新——遷移運(yùn)用”的過程。另外,在設(shè)計(jì)的過程中,體現(xiàn)了德育課程一體化,既滲透了環(huán)保理念,又將學(xué)生的課堂活動(dòng)與學(xué)校特色相整合。 第二課時(shí)屬于實(shí)地操作,分為三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)(一)依據(jù)藍(lán)圖,小組行動(dòng)根據(jù)上節(jié)課商討結(jié)果,以小組為單位進(jìn)行實(shí)地裝扮。(二)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,解決問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在實(shí)踐操作的過程中及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,并組內(nèi)協(xié)商解決,增強(qiáng)團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí)。(三)評(píng)比選優(yōu),交流分享教師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生一起參觀并進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),選出“最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)”?;顒?dòng)結(jié)束后,分享活 動(dòng)感受,體會(huì)團(tuán)結(jié)合作的意義。 本課時(shí)的三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)讓學(xué)生在真實(shí)的生活情境中去體驗(yàn),獲得真實(shí)感受,這是深度學(xué)習(xí)的重要方面。在這個(gè)過程中,學(xué)生能夠?qū)⒌赖抡J(rèn)知和道德情感落實(shí)到行動(dòng)中去,真正提升了學(xué)生的道德行為能力。
二、初讀,解讀“早行”,感受意象的豐富1.尋讀意象課件出示:詩人圍繞“早行”一詞,寫了哪些典型特征的細(xì)節(jié)、景物?如何體現(xiàn)“早行”?學(xué)生自由誦讀、思考交流。教師點(diǎn)撥:頷聯(lián)十種景物的十個(gè)名詞——雞、聲、茅、店、月、人、跡、板、橋、霜。一詞一景,讓我們獲得廣闊的想象空間,組成意韻豐富的畫面。這就是古典詩歌的“意象疊加”法。預(yù)設(shè):詩歌中處處體現(xiàn)“早行”,如“晨起動(dòng)征鐸”(清晨起床,車馬鈴聲叮叮當(dāng)當(dāng)),“雞聲茅店月”(雞鳴早看天),“人跡板橋霜”(莫道君行早,更有早行人),“枳花明驛墻”(“明”反襯“天暗”,說明“早”)。2.延讀意象疊加的詩句課件出示:(1)枯藤老樹昏鴉,小橋流水人家,古道西風(fēng)瘦馬。(馬致遠(yuǎn)《天凈沙·秋思》)(2)樓船夜雪瓜洲渡,鐵馬秋風(fēng)大散關(guān)。(陸游《書憤》)(3)細(xì)草微風(fēng)岸,危檣獨(dú)夜舟。(杜甫《旅夜抒懷》)(4)桃李春風(fēng)一杯酒,江湖夜雨十年燈。(黃庭堅(jiān)《寄黃幾復(fù)》)
所需要用到的句子:Who is that?That is Jack. I like him.Why do you like him?I like him because he is interesting.Task 4: 設(shè)計(jì)理想中的人類Step one: 設(shè)計(jì)理想中的人類的外貌。把全班同學(xué)分成若干小組,學(xué)生可以邊說邊在紙上畫出他們的模樣。Step two: 設(shè)計(jì)理想中人類的性格。學(xué)生們可以把那些能描述性格的單詞寫在圖畫的旁邊。Step three: 每組選出一名同學(xué),其他同組同學(xué)提問,他作簡單回答,并說明原因。所需用到的句子:What does he or she look like?He or she ...What is he or she like?He or she is ...Why?Because ...Task 5: 挑戰(zhàn)性活動(dòng)調(diào)查性格是天生的還是后天形成的,讓每個(gè)同學(xué)回家去調(diào)查一下自己成長過程中性格是否有變化,具體是怎樣的,為什么會(huì)這樣? Teaching Aims:1. Enable students to have a general understanding of how to talk about people's physical appearance.2. Enable students to tackle some essential vocabularies and patterns about describing people. Provide them with necessary skills and methods.3. Create various chances for students to describe the persons they're familiar with, such as classmates, family members, teachers, idols, etc.
三、教學(xué)建議第一課時(shí):1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.
1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教學(xué)反思:新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的主體地位,在綜合課中他們的主體地位就更加突出。在各個(gè)活動(dòng)中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會(huì),從而產(chǎn)生對(duì)英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué),效果更好。同時(shí)讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知知識(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。教案點(diǎn)評(píng):采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式,在各個(gè)活動(dòng)中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會(huì),從而產(chǎn)生對(duì)英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué),效果更好。讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知識(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學(xué)步驟、時(shí)間 教師活動(dòng) 學(xué)生活動(dòng) 媒體應(yīng)用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學(xué)們回答下列問題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時(shí)教師用漢語問:“在周末期間問你干了什么?這句話用英語這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書、學(xué)習(xí))
Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?
Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. (板書,教讀)教師把這些句子板書在黑板上,并請(qǐng)學(xué)生大聲整齊地讀祈使句和“can’t”句型,并讓學(xué)生注意兩種句型表達(dá)形式的不同和轉(zhuǎn)換,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并對(duì)學(xué)生說:These are our school rules. (板書,教讀) You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.(板書,教讀)步驟3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.學(xué)生看圖,完成1a的內(nèi)容,檢查答案并大聲朗讀校規(guī)。b. 聽錄音,完成1b,選出四位學(xué)生都違反了哪條校規(guī);聽之前,學(xué)生要讀會(huì)英文名。c. 請(qǐng)兩位學(xué)生朗讀1c部分的句型;要求學(xué)生兩人一組對(duì)話表演,SA扮演外校轉(zhuǎn)來新生,SB告知本校校規(guī)。(學(xué)生可經(jīng)過討論,多說出他們想到的校規(guī),不必只限于書上;教師應(yīng)給予幫助)2) 第二課時(shí)(2a~4)步驟1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?學(xué)生使用“can”或祈使句表達(dá)各條校規(guī);其中老師可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表達(dá)。步驟2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?學(xué)生聽第一遍時(shí),完成2a;第二遍時(shí),完成2b;b. 請(qǐng)學(xué)生領(lǐng)讀2c部分,看著2a完成的表格,理解2c活動(dòng)的要求;分成小組針對(duì)2a進(jìn)行問答;
教學(xué)過程Step 1: warming-up Sing a song---------“food and drink” Step 2: Revision1 Dictation2 Revise: What kind of noodles would you like?I’d like …What size bowl of noodles would you like?I’d like…Step 3: Presentation1 show pictures of food, ask students say the words.2 Students read the newspaper ad in 3a. Fill in blanks with words in the box. Then read the ad together, the teacher explains some difficult language points.3 Check the answers Step 4 PracticeAsk students to finish 3b in the same way according to 3a. Students read the short passage and fill in the blanks .At last, check the answers.Step 5 productionAsk students to write their own ad for dumplings, noodles, drinks, and other foods they know. Then ask students to read their partner’s ad. Then order food and drink from their partner.Step 6 Home workGroup work – make an ad about “food and drink”
2.1Match the country with the language.Step II Reading3a? let the students read the letter fast and answer the questions.? Let the students ask more questions about the letter as possible as the can.Step III Writing3b.Step IV. Pairwork2cStep V Listening2a, 2bStep V. HomeworkExercises book(1) P3Exercises book (2) P3Period FourStep I . Dictate the words and sentences in Unit1.Step II. Self-checkStep III. Check the answers for Exercises book in the unit.Step IV. Home workRevise and preparation for unit 2.教學(xué)反思:通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生基本可以談?wù)撊藗兊膰?,居住城市及其所說的語言,通過書信方式去介紹自己并尋找筆友。但在涉及到國外的一些城市時(shí),學(xué)生對(duì)這方面的知識(shí)相對(duì)欠缺,能介紹的城市并不多,也反應(yīng)出學(xué)生課前預(yù)習(xí)不充分,這跟學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)條件也有關(guān),大多數(shù)學(xué)生無法通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取所需信息。因此,在以后的教學(xué)中要多指導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息,拓寬知識(shí)面。
五、教學(xué)Section B-2c1. Pair work: What do you think of the belt/sunglasses/…? What does your father/mother/… think of your scarf/belt…?2. Group work(1). Teacher shows some different kinds of school uniforms (制服)and asks : “ What do you think of your school uniforms? If you have a chance to choose your school uniforms, what kind would you like to choose?”(2). Discuss in groups.(3).Get some Ss to report in class.說明:這一步旨在讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用已有的語言知識(shí)談?wù)搶?duì)事物的看法和意見,并簡單闡明理由,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的主動(dòng)思維能力和運(yùn)用英語的能力。六、教學(xué)拓展調(diào)查電視節(jié)目的收視率任務(wù):調(diào)查你周圍的人對(duì)現(xiàn)在各種電視節(jié)目的反響。活動(dòng)過程:1.教師布置任務(wù),讓學(xué)生調(diào)查周圍的人(包括他的親戚朋友和鄰居)喜歡收看哪方面的電視節(jié)目。2.學(xué)生進(jìn)行調(diào)查活動(dòng),運(yùn)用本單元所學(xué)的句型What do you think of….? (Why?)What's your favorite game shows?What do you think of talk show?I doesn’t mind it.I like it.I love it.I can’t stand it.3.記錄下排在前10位的TV Program,填寫調(diào)查表,比較其收視率。
句型: Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.Did she go to Central Park?Yes,she did.No, she didn’t語法:一般過去時(shí)特殊疑問句、一般疑問句及肯、否定回答。課時(shí)安排4課時(shí)第一課時(shí):Section A:la,1b,lc,2a,2b,2c 第二課時(shí):Section A:3a,3b,4第三課時(shí):Section B:1,2a,2b,2c第四課時(shí):Section B:3a,3b,3c,4 and Self Check第一課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握描寫假期生活的形容詞。假期里自己所做事情的簡單表達(dá)。談?wù)摷倨谧龅氖虑榧爱?dāng)時(shí)情況。談?wù)摷倨跁r(shí)旅游的天氣,旅游者以及食物等。教學(xué)過程一、導(dǎo)入播放一首英文歌曲:Let’s travel 說明:通過讓學(xué)生聽節(jié)奏歡快迪斯尼英語歌曲Let’s travel.引入本節(jié)課談?wù)摰脑掝}vacation and travel. 讓歌曲使學(xué)生的思維活躍,增強(qiáng)課堂氣氛,激發(fā)學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣。T:How is the trip ?Ss : It’s pretty good/ happy/exciting /relaxing/busy/dangerous/ fantastic說明:這個(gè)問題是為了操練形容詞。建議讓多個(gè)Ss作答。鼓勵(lì)他們用不同的形容詞。上述個(gè)別形容詞本應(yīng)在第二課時(shí)中出現(xiàn),但可以在warming-up中第一次非正式出現(xiàn)。這些形容詞也可在老師的評(píng)價(jià)語中適時(shí)出現(xiàn),以加深學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯的印象。
單元整體說明(一)單元教材分析本單元的核心話題是描述動(dòng)物和表達(dá)個(gè)人喜好,以及句式why do you like…? Because…。這也是本單元的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生應(yīng)能較流利地運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯和句型描述動(dòng)物,表達(dá)個(gè)人喜好。(二)單元知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1.詞匯動(dòng)物名稱 tiger, elephant, koala, dolphin, etc.詞匯描述性形容詞: smart, cute, ugly, clever, shy, etc.國家名: Australia, South Africa2.句型Why do you like koala hears? Because they are cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(三)單元整體目標(biāo)1.Master the vocabulary2.Master and use: Why do you like koalas? Because they am cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(四)單元教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)一覽(五)單元學(xué)情分析學(xué)生此前已經(jīng)學(xué)過由why, where, what 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句句型,具有了學(xué)習(xí)本單元知識(shí)的認(rèn)知前提。形形色色的動(dòng)物能激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心,產(chǎn)生了解它們的欲望,這有利于本單元知識(shí)的教學(xué)和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的培養(yǎng)。
(3)分解因式:1+x+x(x+1)+x(x+1)2+…+x(x+1)n(n為正整數(shù)).解析:(1)根據(jù)已知計(jì)算過程直接得出因式分解的方法即可;(2)根據(jù)已知分解因式的方法可以得出答案;(3)由(1)中計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律進(jìn)而得出答案.解:(1)因式分解的方法是提公因式法,共應(yīng)用了3次;(2)分解因式1+x+x(x+1)+x(x+1)2+…+x(x+1)2015,需應(yīng)用上述方法2016次,結(jié)果是(1+x)2015;(3)1+x+x(x+1)+x(x+1)2+…+x(x+1)n=(1+x)n+1.方法總結(jié):解決此類問題需要認(rèn)真閱讀,理解題意,根據(jù)已知得出分解因式的規(guī)律是解題關(guān)鍵.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.提公因式分解因式的一般步驟:(1)觀察;(2)適當(dāng)變形;(3)確定公因式;(4)提取公因式.2.提公因式法因式分解的應(yīng)用本課時(shí)是在上一課時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的拓展延伸,在教學(xué)時(shí)要給學(xué)生足夠主動(dòng)權(quán)和思考空間,突出學(xué)生在課堂上的主體地位,引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生自主探究,在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新能力的同時(shí)提高學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力.
方法總結(jié):本題結(jié)合三角形內(nèi)角和定理考查反證法,解此題關(guān)鍵要懂得反證法的意義及步驟.反證法的步驟是:(1)假設(shè)結(jié)論不成立;(2)從假設(shè)出發(fā)推出矛盾;(3)假設(shè)不成立,則結(jié)論成立.在假設(shè)結(jié)論不成立時(shí)要注意考慮結(jié)論的反面所有可能的情況.如果只有一種,那么否定一種就可以了,如果有多種情況,則必須一一否定.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.等腰三角形的判定定理:有兩個(gè)角相等的三角形是等腰三角形(等角對(duì)等邊).2.反證法(1)假設(shè)結(jié)論不成立;(2)從假設(shè)出發(fā)推出矛盾;(3)假設(shè)不成立,則結(jié)論成立.解決幾何證明題時(shí),應(yīng)結(jié)合圖形,聯(lián)想我們已學(xué)過的定義、公理、定理等知識(shí),尋找結(jié)論成立所需要的條件.要特別注意的是,不要遺漏題目中的已知條件.解題時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)分析,可以采用執(zhí)果索因(從結(jié)論出發(fā),探尋結(jié)論成立所需的條件)的方法.
【類型二】 根據(jù)不等式的變形確定字母的取值范圍如果不等式(a+1)x<a+1可變形為x>1,那么a必須滿足________.解析:根據(jù)不等式的基本性質(zhì)可判斷a+1為負(fù)數(shù),即a+1<0,可得a<-1.方法總結(jié):只有當(dāng)不等式的兩邊都乘(或除以)一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù)時(shí),不等號(hào)的方向才改變.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.不等式的基本性質(zhì)性質(zhì)1:不等式的兩邊都加上(或減去)同一個(gè)整式,不等號(hào)的方向不變;性質(zhì)2:不等式的兩邊都乘(或除以)同一個(gè)正數(shù),不等號(hào)的方向不變;性質(zhì)3:不等式的兩邊都乘(或除以)同一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù),不等號(hào)方向改變.2.把不等式化成“x>a”或“x<a”的形式“移項(xiàng)”依據(jù):不等式的基本性質(zhì)1;“將未知數(shù)系數(shù)化為1”的依據(jù):不等式的基本性質(zhì)2、3.本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)不等式的基本性質(zhì),在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,可與等式的基本性質(zhì)進(jìn)行類比,在運(yùn)用性質(zhì)進(jìn)行變形時(shí),要注意不等號(hào)的方向是否發(fā)生改變;課堂教學(xué)時(shí),鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生大膽質(zhì)疑,通過練習(xí)中易出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納總結(jié),提升學(xué)生的自主探究能力.
方法總結(jié):解題的關(guān)鍵是由題意列出不等式求出這個(gè)少算的內(nèi)角的取值范圍.探究點(diǎn)二:多邊形的外角和定理【類型一】 已知各相等外角的度數(shù),求多邊形的邊數(shù)正多邊形的一個(gè)外角等于36°,則該多邊形是正()A.八邊形 B.九邊形C.十邊形 D.十一邊形解析:正多邊形的邊數(shù)為360°÷36°=10,則這個(gè)多邊形是正十邊形.故選C.方法總結(jié):如果已知正多邊形的一個(gè)外角,求邊數(shù)可直接利用外角和除以這個(gè)角即可.【類型二】 多邊形內(nèi)角和與外角和的綜合運(yùn)用一個(gè)多邊形的內(nèi)角和與外角和的和為540°,則它是()A.五邊形 B.四邊形C.三角形 D.不能確定解析:設(shè)這個(gè)多邊形的邊數(shù)為n,則依題意可得(n-2)×180°+360°=540°,解得n=3,∴這個(gè)多邊形是三角形.故選C.方法總結(jié):熟練掌握多邊形的內(nèi)角和定理及外角和定理,解題的關(guān)鍵是由已知等量關(guān)系列出方程從而解決問題.