Everyone knows how similar chimpanzees (黑猩猩)are to humans. So it’s no surprise that their greetings are also close to ours.The most common ways of greeting between chimpanzees are hand touching andhugging. Sometimes they also kiss each other. Some chimpanzees can even learnsimple sign language.
Raden Roro Hendarti, nearly 50 years old, is alibrarian in Muntang village. She started a “trash library”, hoping to makechildren read more as well as make them realize the importance of environmentprotection. Each weekday, Raden puts all kinds of books on the back of herthree-wheeler (三輪車)and rides to Muntang village. There, children line up to exchange plastic cups,bags and other trash for books from Raden’s mobile library. After finishing theexchange, Raden carries back all the trash.
8.1949年10月1日,毛澤東在開(kāi)國(guó)大典上莊言宣告中華人民共和國(guó)成立,中國(guó)歷史從此揭開(kāi)了嶄新的篇章。 請(qǐng)回答: (1)1953-1957年我國(guó)實(shí)行以發(fā)展 __________ 為重點(diǎn)的第一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃,建立國(guó)家__________和國(guó)防現(xiàn)代化的初步基礎(chǔ)。這一時(shí)期,__________大型軋鋼廠建成投產(chǎn),連接長(zhǎng)江南北的__________建成通車。(4分)
13.(6分)在人類歷史長(zhǎng)河中,曾涌現(xiàn)出一大批著名的具有時(shí)代象征意義的歷史人物。下列是中國(guó)近代史上的著名人物。關(guān)于其成就的敘述,請(qǐng)?jiān)谡_項(xiàng)后面的空格里打“√”。錯(cuò)誤的打“×” 序號(hào)人物 判斷①魏源翻譯《天演論》,激勵(lì)人們“自強(qiáng)保種”,救亡圖存,反對(duì)外來(lái)侵略 ②李鴻章在洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)中,參與創(chuàng)辦江南制造總局,創(chuàng)辦輪船招商局 ③梁?jiǎn)⒊瑓⑴c發(fā)起公車上書,與他人合作創(chuàng)辦《萬(wàn)國(guó)公報(bào)》,宣傳維新變法思想 ④孫中山組建興中會(huì),建立中國(guó)同盟會(huì);發(fā)起多次反清起義,創(chuàng)建中華民國(guó) ⑤陳獨(dú)秀在新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)中創(chuàng)辦《青年雜志》;提出“民主”和“科學(xué)”的口號(hào) ⑥張謇擔(dān)任中國(guó)人修建的第一條鐵路的工程師,設(shè)計(jì)出“人”字形鐵軌
材料一 1953 年,周恩來(lái)在接見(jiàn)印度代表時(shí),提出了處理兩國(guó)關(guān)系的基本原則。—— 摘自川教版《 中國(guó)歷史 》八年級(jí)下冊(cè)材料二 在 1955 年的一次重要國(guó)際會(huì)議上,周恩來(lái)利用他個(gè)人的巨大魅力和外交機(jī)敏,逐漸減弱了那些懷疑中國(guó)或共產(chǎn)主義的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的敵對(duì)情緒。——摘編自《非常年代》
24、科技創(chuàng)新是一個(gè)民族發(fā)展的靈魂,是一個(gè)民族進(jìn)步的不竭動(dòng)力。結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí),回答下列問(wèn)題。(6分)(1)世界上現(xiàn)存最早的、標(biāo)有確切日期的雕版印刷品是什么?(1分)(2)北宋時(shí),哪一項(xiàng)發(fā)明為航海事業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)?(1分)(3)被稱為“中國(guó)17世紀(jì)的工藝百科全書”的是哪部作品?(1分)(4)《本草綱目》是一部具有總結(jié)性的藥物學(xué)巨著,西方國(guó)家稱它為“東方醫(yī)學(xué)巨典”。 作者是誰(shuí)?(1分)(5)近代中國(guó)人自行設(shè)計(jì)和施工的第一條鐵路干線是什么?(1分)(6)揭開(kāi)制堿奧秘,使我國(guó)制堿技術(shù)躍居世界前列的著名化學(xué)家是誰(shuí)?(1分)
材料二: 二戰(zhàn)后,為實(shí)現(xiàn)歐洲復(fù)興,并增大在美蘇兩極格局中的發(fā)言權(quán)。歐洲各國(guó)摒棄前嫌,走上聯(lián)合之路。法德兩國(guó)共同推動(dòng)的歐洲聯(lián)合,一直到現(xiàn)在對(duì)整個(gè)歐洲都有強(qiáng)大的吸引力。(2)根據(jù)材料二并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)概括說(shuō)明歐洲走上聯(lián)合之路的原因。(2分)歐洲國(guó)家建立的聯(lián)合組織是什么?(1分)材料三: 2001年“九一一事件”發(fā)生后,全球反恐斗爭(zhēng)面臨嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì)。在此形勢(shì)下,美國(guó)不得不順應(yīng)多極化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),主動(dòng)尋求與聯(lián)合國(guó)和國(guó)際社會(huì)的合作,特別是與中國(guó)和俄羅斯的合作,從而在國(guó)際反恐問(wèn)題上達(dá)成了一定共識(shí),有力的打擊了國(guó)際恐怖勢(shì)力。——川教版《世界歷史》九年級(jí)(下)(3)根據(jù)材料三并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)指出當(dāng)今世界人類面臨的共同問(wèn)題。(2分)請(qǐng)你為解決這些問(wèn)題獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策。(1分)
31.在三次科技革命專題復(fù)習(xí)中,老師故意設(shè)置了5處錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)你指出來(lái)并加以改正。 18世紀(jì)60年代,史蒂芬孫發(fā)明“珍妮機(jī)”,珍妮機(jī)的發(fā)明是英國(guó)工業(yè)革命的起點(diǎn)。1785年美國(guó)機(jī)械師瓦特改進(jìn)了蒸汽機(jī),首先在交通部門投入使用。在許多的生產(chǎn)部門,也利用蒸汽提供動(dòng)力帶動(dòng)機(jī)器,進(jìn)行生產(chǎn),人類進(jìn)入了“蒸汽時(shí)代”。19世紀(jì)70年代,電力作為新能源進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域,人類進(jìn)入了“電氣時(shí)代”。美國(guó)、德國(guó)在電力技術(shù)的發(fā)展方面,走在前面。1789年愛(ài)迪生發(fā)明了耐用碳絲燈泡;19世紀(jì)80年代,德國(guó)人卡爾·本茨等人設(shè)計(jì)出內(nèi)燃機(jī),由此出現(xiàn)了兩大新式交通工具汽車和輪船。20世紀(jì)四五十年代以來(lái),人類在原子能、計(jì)算機(jī)、航天技術(shù)、生物工程等領(lǐng)域取得了重大突破。第三次科技革命的核心是國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的廣泛使用,人類由此進(jìn)入了信息化時(shí)代。
【甲】環(huán)滁皆山也。其西南諸峰,林壑尤美,望之蔚然而深秀者,瑯琊也。山行六七里,漸聞水聲潺潺而瀉出于兩峰之間者,釀泉也。峰回路轉(zhuǎn),有亭翼然臨于泉上者,醉翁亭也。作亭者誰(shuí)?山之僧智仙也。名之者誰(shuí)?太守自謂也。太守與客來(lái)飲于此,飲少輒醉,而年又最高,故自號(hào)曰醉翁也。醉翁之意不在酒,在乎山水之間也。山水之樂(lè),得之心而寓之酒也。
Duringwork hours in Becker’s bread shop, the kitchen is especially quiet except thesound of the machine. The quiet environment is not the result of the strictrules, but because all the workers are deaf. They use sign language tocommunicate with each other from time to time.
Once, herfather took her to the kitchen. He asked Jane to take a potato, an egg ____11____ two spoons of tea leaves. Jane was ____12____, andasked her father, “Do you want me to cook?”
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention,but they have been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were ___16___ electric cars on the road than gasoline(汽油)cars,because at that time, gasoline was expensive compared with other fuels(燃料)
TheChinese knot, a folk art, has a long history. People first made them to recordinformation and send messages before they started to use words. The knots wereused for decoration (裝飾) and to express thoughts and feelings in theTang Dynasty. They were later popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. But thisart wasn’t really accepted by the common people until the Qing Dynasty.
Flying kites Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made ofwood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the three most famous kites are the Beijingkite, Tianjin kite, and Weifang kite. And they are quite different from eachother. For example, the swallow-shaped kite is a well-known Beijing style.
Antarctica is a continent (大陸) of ice. There is hardlyany rain in Antarctica, so the Antarctic Desert becomes the driest desert inthe world. It is also the world’s largest desert by area.
Chopsticksoriginated from(起源于) China.Though simple and little, they are agreat invention in the history of humans. There are many legends aboutChopsticks, Da Yu and Chopsticks is one of them.It issaid that during Yao and Shun times, Shun ordered Yu to control the flood. Oneday, Yu took a boat to an island, he was so hungry that he used an earth pot tocook meat. After the meat was well-done in boiled water, he didn’t want towaste time to wait for it to cool, so he took two branches to pick up the meatfrom the soup. After, to save time, he always took small branches to take outfood from the hot pot. For a long time, he was skilled at picking up food withsmall sticks. In this way, the first types of chopsticks were born.
Mostschools offer different kinds of subjects and activities for students, but someschools offer additional training in certain areas, such as the performing andarts. In this way, schools can help students develop their artistic talentsfrom an early age and have greater success in their future profession. THE ROYAL BALLET(芭蕾舞)SCHOOL
2020年,聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)布了一份關(guān)于全球氣候變化的報(bào)告。報(bào)告指出,由于氣候變化,全球各地的冰原和冰川發(fā)生減少。2006年至2015年,平均每年全球海平面上升至少3.6毫米。2020年上半年,二氧化碳等溫室氣體濃度達(dá)到了三百萬(wàn)年以來(lái)的最高水平,并且還在持續(xù)上升。
材料二:19世紀(jì)70年代的工業(yè)革命幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生在英國(guó)、德國(guó)、美國(guó)等先進(jìn)的資本主義國(guó)家。一些后進(jìn)國(guó)家如德國(guó)等兩次工業(yè)革命交叉進(jìn)行。自然科學(xué)特別是熱力學(xué)、電磁學(xué)、化學(xué)等方面的新發(fā)展,開(kāi)始與工業(yè)發(fā)展緊密結(jié)合起來(lái)?!幾詣㈧癫取妒澜缡?#183;近代史編》材料三:工業(yè)革命大量使用煤炭,由于沒(méi)有任何環(huán)境保護(hù)措施,煤燃燒時(shí)釋放出含有二氧化硫等有害物質(zhì)的滾滾濃煙,使得天空、建筑物等都變成了一片黝黑。一批與化學(xué)工業(yè)密切相關(guān)的 工廠,將工業(yè)污水和廢棄物排入河中,造成河水黝黑、發(fā)臭,令人作嘔。鋼鐵業(yè)突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展。 對(duì)森林大肆砍伐,使得大片森林不復(fù)存在?!幾岳詈陥D《英國(guó)工業(yè)革命時(shí)期的環(huán)境污染和治理》
材料一 當(dāng)代史學(xué)研究者在評(píng)價(jià)漢代開(kāi)辟的絲綢之路時(shí)稱:“在長(zhǎng)達(dá)1000多年的時(shí)間里,它把黃河文明、恒河文明和希臘文明等諸多人類文明起源地串聯(lián)在了一起,被譽(yù)為世界歷史展開(kāi)的主軸?!辈牧隙? 與外界完全隔絕曾是保存舊中國(guó)的首要條件,而當(dāng)這種隔絕狀態(tài)通過(guò)英國(guó)而為暴力所打破的時(shí)候,接踵而來(lái)的必然是解體的過(guò)程,正如小心保存在密封棺材里的木乃伊一接觸新鮮空氣便要解體一樣?!R克思《中國(guó)革命和歐洲革命》