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湖南省邵陽市2017年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
材料二從公元 476 年西羅馬帝國滅亡到 14～16 世紀文藝復興之前， 歐洲是政教合一的封建時代，宗教裁判所可以僅僅因為布魯諾信奉哥白尼的日心說這樣一個科學學說，而把他視為異端判處死刑，燒死在羅馬鮮花廣場上。因此，歐洲中世紀的科技經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步都受到了極大的阻礙，史稱“黑暗的中世紀”。而這一千年，中國國家長期統(tǒng)一，經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展，中華封建文明在大踏步前進……以四大發(fā)明為標志的傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)更為世人所稱道……只是到了近代才落后于西方。——摘編自王渝生《傳統(tǒng)文化與中國科技發(fā)展》（1）根據(jù)材料一并結(jié)合所學知識，指出中國古代科技在世界科技史上的地位變化情況。（4分）（2）根據(jù)材料二并結(jié)合所學知識，概述公元401～1500年中國古代科技發(fā)展的主要原因。（6分）（3）下圖是某校初三·三班呂亞楠同學制作的中國“古代四大發(fā)明”手抄報照片，其中“四大發(fā)明是什么”的答案有點模糊不清，請你補充完成。（ 4 分）
四川省成都市2016年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
材料二 20世紀80年代初，大陸的統(tǒng)一觀已經(jīng)有了創(chuàng)新性的發(fā)展，不完全要求絕對的“政治上的服從”和制度上的一致，首創(chuàng)了一個國家中允許存在不同社會制度的理論。這一理論在香港和澳門獲得了成功的實踐?！獡?jù)許士鈴《國家統(tǒng)一是中華民族歷史形成的國家觀》⑵材料二中，大陸首創(chuàng)的“一個國家中允許存在不同社會制度的理論”是指什么（2分）分析這一理論提出的依據(jù)(2分）。
2022年海南省中考英語真題（原卷版）
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
2022年江西省中考英語真題（原卷版）
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉機)and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”
2022年福建省中考英語真題（原卷版）
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
2022年吉林省中考英語真題（原卷版）
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
2022年河南省中考英語真題（原卷版）
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
2022年河北省中考英語真題（原卷版）
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole（北極）todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers（融化的冰川）.
2022年安徽省中考英語真題（原卷版）
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南極).Amundsen arrived first.
山東省聊城市2019年中考歷史試題（解析版）
31.閱讀下列材料，回答問題。材料一 農(nóng)，天下之大本也，民所恃以生也。而民或不務本而事末，故生不遂?！獫h文帝材料二 世儒不察，以工商為末。妄議抑之。夫工商圣王之所欲來，商又使其愿出于途者，蓋皆本也?！S宗羲（1）材料一反映了中國古代哪一重要思想？據(jù)此，西漢統(tǒng)治者采取了哪些措施？（2）材料二中黃宗羲提出了什么主張？應如何評價這一主張？
湖北省隨州市2018年中考文綜（歷史部分）真題試題（含解析）
材料一 十一屆三中全會以前，鄧小平指出：只有思想解放了，我們才能正確地以馬克思主義，毛澤東思想為指導，正確地改革同生產(chǎn)力迅速發(fā)展不相適應的生產(chǎn)關系和上層--摘自人教版八下《中國歷史》（1）馬克思義誕生的標志是什么？為十一屆三中全會奠定思想理論基礎的是哪一場思想解放運動？材料二“改革開放邁不開步子，不敢闖，說來說去就是怕資本主義的東西多了，走了資本主義的道市場經(jīng)濟不等于資本主義，社會主義也有市場?！?-鄧小平南方視察講話”摘要（2）1992年初，鄧小平視察南方多次發(fā)表談話，當時的國際背景是什么？這些講話有什么重大歷史意義？材料三 中國特色社會主又進入新時代……意味著中國特色社會主義道路、理論、制度、文化不斷發(fā)展，拓展了發(fā)展中國家走向現(xiàn)代化的途徑……為解決人類問題貢獻了中國智慧和中國方案。--摘自《十九大報告》（3）改革開放是堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義的必由之路，在改革開放40年的偉大實踐中中國貢獻了哪些“中國智慧和中國方案”？
貴州省安順市2018年中考文綜（歷史部分）真題試題（含解析）
材料一：19世紀中期到20世紀初，英、法等西方列強先后發(fā)動了一系列侵略戰(zhàn)爭，強迫清政府簽訂了一系列不平等條約，中國逐漸淪為半殖民地半封建社會。材料二：經(jīng)歷了從“師夷長技以制夷”到變法維新的探索，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)溫和的改良無法從根本上改變舊制度。于是，人們舉起義旗，發(fā)動革命，推翻舊王朝，建立了共和國，接著，高舉民主、科學大旗，吹響了思想解放的號角。（1）材料一中，使中國開始和完全淪為半殖民地半封建社會的兩大不平等條約分別是什么？（2）材料二中，“師夷長技以制夷”指的是什么歷史事件？在該歷史事件中“師夷長技”的根本目的是什么？
四川省達州市2016年中考文綜（歷史部分）真題試題（含解析）
17．縱觀中外歷史，民族解放、國家獨立、社會制度的變更、民生問題的解決等都是國家得以發(fā)展的主要因素，同時也是歷史發(fā)展的重要主題．結(jié)合所學歷史知識，回答下列相關問題．（1）17-19世紀，美國、英國、法國、俄國、日本，這五個國家實現(xiàn)民族解放或變更社會制度的重大歷史事件各是什么？上述五國伙同其他國家曾對中國發(fā)動了什么戰(zhàn)爭，使中國完全陷入了半殖民地半封建社會的深淵？（2）20世紀上半葉，中國人民為了推翻剝削壓迫，實現(xiàn)民族解放和國家獨立進行了諸多實踐．其中哪次革命推翻了封建君主專制制度？實現(xiàn)民族解放和國家獨立的歷史事件是什么？（3）19世紀60年代，俄國和日本在改革中對于土地問題分別采取了什么具體措施？（4）20世紀50年代，中國為解放農(nóng)民土地問題，消滅封建剝削制度，采取了什么措施？（5）我們青少年為了中國的發(fā)展應該怎樣做？
湖北省隨州市2017年中考文綜（歷史部分）真題試題（含解析）
材料：下午，十幾個學校的學生近3000人齊集天安門，人人手里拿著一面或兩面白旗，上面寫著“還我青島”“取消二十一條”等……（6月3日，上海）出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的工廠罷工和商店罷市……6月28日和會對德和約簽字，中國代表團拒絕出席此次全體會議，沒有在該項和約上簽字！﹣﹣金沖及《二十世紀史綱》（1）說說上述事件發(fā)生的背景。（2）從材料中歸納能夠反映中國人民堅決反對屈辱外交的具體史實。（3）當代青年應該怎樣發(fā)揚五四精神？
2022年黑龍江省綏化市中考英語真題（原卷版）
Tim: _______36_______,Bob.Bob: Good afternoon, Tim. Icalled you just now, but nobody answered. _______37_______?Tim: I went to the cinema.And I watched a movie named The Battle atLake Changjin.Bob: Oh, great. It’s very famous nowadays. _______38_______?
2022年江蘇省宿遷市中考英語真題 （原卷版）
Theoil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工藝品）.It has a history of over 1,000 years in China．In early TangDynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “TangUmbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, suchas Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, assteel-ribbed（鋼骨的）umbrellas appeared in the last century, thehand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were turnedinto decorative artifacts（裝飾性工藝品）.
2022年湖南省懷化市中考英語真題（原卷版）
___14___, I think an interest in Englishis very important. When I was in Grade Three, we had a new ___15___ — English,it was new for me. I was interested in it. I worked hard at it. Soon we had anEnglish exam and I got a very good mark. How ___16___ I was! After that,I learned English harder. Our English teacher often teaches us English songs,and ___17___ sound nice. I often think how interesting English is!
2022年湖南省常德市中考英語真題（原卷版）
Bike-to-Work Day is held every year across NorthAmerica on the third Friday of May. It was started by the League ofAmerican Bicyclists in 1956. Its aim is to promote (促進) the bicycle as a seriouschoice of getting to and from work. In today’s world where global warming is aserious issue, the bicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon (碳) footprint.
2022年江蘇省徐州市中考英語真題（原卷版）
Dudiscovered his interest in folding paper in his childhood. After Du went tocollege in 2017, he had enough time to take the hobby seriously. He learnedfolding from online teachers and experts. Later he copied patterns from books.He spent almost three years improving his basic skills by making copies ofother artists’ designs. Then he made his own creations.
2022年湖北省武漢市中考英語真題（原卷版）
The December day started like any other. Papacame back with his boat full of fish. Mama made breakfast for the family.Seven-year-old Joonas was doing his homework, while his two little brothers ranaround the yard.