當(dāng)學(xué)生說出估算思路時(shí),老師可以及時(shí)適當(dāng)進(jìn)行賞識(shí)性的表揚(yáng)。與此同時(shí),教師對各種估算方法都不急于評價(jià),而是積極引導(dǎo)學(xué)生采用多種算法。在劉兼教授的訪談錄中,曾經(jīng)有這么一句話:在提倡算法多樣性的同時(shí),老師要不要提出一種最好的解法呢?所謂最好的方法,要和學(xué)生的個(gè)性結(jié)合起來,沒有適合全體學(xué)生的方法。每個(gè)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式、思維方式都是獨(dú)特的,我們要尊重學(xué)生自己的選擇,不能以一個(gè)或一批學(xué)生的思維準(zhǔn)則來規(guī)定全體學(xué)生必須采用的所謂最好的方法。因此,教學(xué)中我是這樣引導(dǎo)學(xué)生的:你喜歡用哪一種方法?并說說你喜歡的理由。這樣不僅尊重了學(xué)生個(gè)性的思維方法,還培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的個(gè)性發(fā)展。探究新知后,我安排有層次性的練習(xí),讓學(xué)生在練習(xí)中鞏固估算方法,培養(yǎng)估算意識(shí),增強(qiáng)估算信心。(三)、鞏固提高1、基本練習(xí)“學(xué)以致用”,學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)后的練習(xí)是學(xué)生內(nèi)化知識(shí)的主要環(huán)節(jié),也是學(xué)生鞏固估算方法的環(huán)節(jié)。
得出這樣便于口算的道理,也為幫助學(xué)生探索“兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)”的豎式計(jì)算方法埋下了伏筆。與此同時(shí)也允許學(xué)生把12用他們認(rèn)為更便于計(jì)算的方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算。另一種是直接用豎式計(jì)算。豎式的擺法學(xué)生肯定沒問題,對于第一步如何計(jì)算也難不倒學(xué)生,關(guān)鍵是第二步、第三步,通過學(xué)生自己探索算法,讓學(xué)生弄清第二步、第三步為什么這樣寫?根據(jù)學(xué)生的匯報(bào),強(qiáng)調(diào)書寫格式并板書,用個(gè)位上的2去乘24,乘得的積是表示48個(gè)一,積的末尾要和個(gè)位對齊;用十位上的1去乘24,乘得的積表示24個(gè)十,乘得積的末尾要和十位對齊(個(gè)位上的0省略不寫);最后把兩次乘得的積相加。(這樣利用遷移原理,使學(xué)生一步一步地加深對算理和算法的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解,不但突出了教學(xué)重點(diǎn),而且突破了教學(xué)難點(diǎn)。)3、教師點(diǎn)撥:筆算乘法時(shí):(1)從個(gè)位乘起,先用第二個(gè)因數(shù)的個(gè)位上的數(shù)依次去乘第一個(gè)因數(shù)的每一位上的數(shù),得數(shù)末位和第一個(gè)因數(shù)的個(gè)位對齊;
自主探究法:教學(xué)中強(qiáng)調(diào)以學(xué)生為主體,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生參與知識(shí)的形成過程,始終做到為學(xué)生提供充足的學(xué)習(xí)素材、創(chuàng)設(shè)充分學(xué)習(xí)的空間、時(shí)間,讓學(xué)生自主探究,體驗(yàn)知識(shí)形成的過程,培養(yǎng)主動(dòng)探究的能力。觀察法:例1觀察物體教學(xué)中的觀察是很好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。例如,教學(xué)例1時(shí),觀察目的明確。教師通過讓學(xué)生觀察長方體物體學(xué)會(huì)從不同角度觀察物體的方法。這一安排不僅給學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考的機(jī)會(huì),而且教給學(xué)生觀察的思維方法。四、說教學(xué)程序在提出問題中,引發(fā)學(xué)生思考;在自主探索中,激發(fā)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新思維;在展示交流中,感受學(xué)生的個(gè)性;在總結(jié)陳述中,體驗(yàn)成功的樂趣;在聯(lián)想記憶中進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造才能。在設(shè)計(jì)這節(jié)課時(shí),我在尊重教材的基礎(chǔ)上,力求體現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)的新理念、新思想,導(dǎo)學(xué)案中設(shè)計(jì)了以下幾個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié):
一、說教材(一)教材簡析《假分?jǐn)?shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分?jǐn)?shù)》是小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)五年級(下冊)第六單元中的內(nèi)容。本節(jié)內(nèi)容安排了兩個(gè)例題。這部分內(nèi)容是在學(xué)生掌握了假分?jǐn)?shù)的意義后,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)把假分?jǐn)?shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分?jǐn)?shù),有利于以后進(jìn)行分?jǐn)?shù)計(jì)算打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。(二)教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)教材編排特點(diǎn),我確定以下教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知道帶分?jǐn)?shù)是假分?jǐn)?shù),是整數(shù)與真分?jǐn)?shù)合成的數(shù)。2、會(huì)把假分?jǐn)?shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分?jǐn)?shù)。3、使學(xué)生經(jīng)歷假分?jǐn)?shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分?jǐn)?shù)的探索過程,進(jìn)一步發(fā)展數(shù)感。4、培養(yǎng)良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,樹立學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)的信心。(三)教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)會(huì)把假分?jǐn)?shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分?jǐn)?shù)。二、說教法、學(xué)法通過這一環(huán)節(jié)的教學(xué),把假分?jǐn)?shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),先要讓學(xué)生根據(jù)假分?jǐn)?shù)的含義進(jìn)行思考。在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上,再啟發(fā)學(xué)生根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)與除法的關(guān)系計(jì)算出結(jié)果,并把用不同方法求得的結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,認(rèn)識(shí)到每種方法都是有道理的。
(1)、思想方面: 1、加強(qiáng)新干部團(tuán)隊(duì)的奉獻(xiàn)意識(shí)和團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí),盡快形成凝聚力?! ?、強(qiáng)化學(xué)生會(huì)干部的競爭意識(shí)?! ?、培養(yǎng)廣大教科院同學(xué)愛校愛院意識(shí),調(diào)動(dòng)廣大同學(xué)尤其是09級新生的活動(dòng)熱情和06級同學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)考研氛圍,爭取使06級同學(xué)考研率創(chuàng)歷史新高,以獲得教科院文化活動(dòng)與學(xué)習(xí)雙贏的局面。
一、抓住特點(diǎn)說教材《小英雄雨來(節(jié)選)》部編版小學(xué)語文四年級下冊第六單元的講讀課文,課文節(jié)選自作家管樺寫的同名中篇小說,講的是抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期,晉察冀邊區(qū)的少年雨來,聰明勇敢,游泳本領(lǐng)高強(qiáng),為了掩護(hù)革命干部,機(jī)智地同敵人作斗爭的故事。我在解讀本文時(shí)特別關(guān)注了三點(diǎn):一是故事情節(jié)跌宕起伏,將一位熱愛祖國、不畏強(qiáng)敵的少年英雄塑造的活靈活現(xiàn)。二是文章中有些語句含義比較深刻,三是課文分六部分,每部分用空行隔開,便于訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的歸納概括能力。教學(xué)目標(biāo):1.自主學(xué)習(xí)字詞,會(huì)認(rèn)“晉、扭”等17個(gè)生字,會(huì)寫“晉、炕”等15個(gè)生字,理解字義,識(shí)記字形。2.體會(huì)雨來的英雄品質(zhì),激發(fā)愛國情感。3.品味課文如何進(jìn)行環(huán)境描寫,體會(huì)這樣描寫的好處。
【說教材】這篇課文節(jié)選自作家管樺寫的同名中篇小說,選入課文時(shí)有改動(dòng),講的是在那戰(zhàn)火連天、槍炮轟鳴的抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期,晉察冀邊區(qū)的少年雨來,聰明勇敢,游泳本領(lǐng)高強(qiáng),為了掩護(hù)革命干部,機(jī)智地同敵人作斗爭的故事,本文圍繞這一主題,課文分六個(gè)部分?jǐn)⑹??!菊f目標(biāo)】1.自學(xué)生字新詞,掌握讀音,理解詞義;(課前完成)2.用比較快的速度默讀課文,練習(xí)給每部分加上小標(biāo)題3.理解課文內(nèi)容,體會(huì)雨來與敵人英勇、頑強(qiáng)、機(jī)智地作斗爭的英雄品質(zhì)。
In the late autumn, John was badly ill andbecame bedridden (長期臥床的).After the doctor visited John several times, he told Sue, “His condition isquite ___22___.John seems to have lost all will to live. If he doesn’t want to live, medicineswill not help him.”
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole(北極)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉機(jī))and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___condition. He felt worried, and he wanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in waternear North Pole(北極)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).
The app — called Sit With Us — is ___15___. If a student is having lunch in the afternoon,he or she can create an invitation. Other students can open the app and ___16___ that invitation. They can then use the app todecide when and where to ___17___.
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
At the age of nine, Kelly dreamed of being abasketball player. But one day when she was playing basketball, she hurt herleft leg ____16____.
Antarctica lies in the most southern part of theworld. It is the coldest area on Earth. There isn’t much rain, but there is alot of snow and wind. The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at -89.2℃!
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南極).Amundsen arrived first.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.