Unit 5 The Value of Money-DiscoveringUseful Structures導(dǎo)學(xué)案

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)

This teachingperiod is about expressing modality and talking about future events in thepast. Modality reflects the feelings ofthe person who is talking. It is still a really big challenge for seniorstudents to master the usages of the modal words. Generally, in this unit, wewill review and further learn the following model words, would/had better/ought to/dare/should etc.

課件教案

As for thestructures about the future events, we should lead students to master wouldbe/do; was /were going to do/be about to do.

1. Guide students to review the basic usages of “modality” andtalk about future events in the past.

2. Enable students touse the related grammar structures flexibly.

3. Strengthenstudents’ great interest in grammar learning.

1. Help students to appreciate thefunction of “modality”and the meanings of the structures “was (were) about to/was (were) going to do/was (were) going”

2. Instruct students to write essays usingthe proper “modality”and past future tenses.

指出下列句中畫(huà)線部分的含義

1．That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfectbook.

2．The children must have been very excited as they opened it.

3．They might not receive their presents if they were not good.

4．I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks！

5．But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even aftermany years of marriage to my mother.

6．Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into thekitchen！

7．wed better not eat too much roast food as it may make ussuffer from heat inside our bodies, ...

8．“You neednt try it if you dont want to，” Mum said.

【答案】：1.能夠 2.一定；準(zhǔn)是 3.可能 4.能夠 5.膽敢，敢于 6.不得不 7.最好 8.不必

1．表示能力：can用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過(guò)去的能力。

I canplay basketball now, but I couldnt when I was young.

現(xiàn)在我會(huì)打籃球了，但小時(shí)候我不會(huì)。

2．表示請(qǐng)求和許可：could語(yǔ)氣比can委婉，但回答時(shí)只能用can。

Can/Could you lend me a hand?

你能幫我一下嗎？

3．表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”。多用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。

—Canhe be in the reading room now?

—No,he cant be in it. Because I saw him in the office just now.

——他現(xiàn)在可能在閱覽室嗎？

——不，他不可能在(閱覽室)。因?yàn)槲覄倓傇谵k公室看見(jiàn)他了。

4．表示理論上或習(xí)慣上的可能性，意為“可能會(huì)”。

Joggingcan help you keep fit.慢跑有助于保持身體健康。

1．表示征求對(duì)方的許可或允許(不用might)對(duì)方做某事。

—MayI come in?

—Yes,you may/can.

——我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？

——是的，你可以進(jìn)來(lái)。

(No,you cant.不行，你不能進(jìn)來(lái)。)

Youmay go now.

你現(xiàn)在可以走了。

2．表示推測(cè)(把握不大)，意為“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may可能性更小。

Hemay come, or he may not.

他可能來(lái)，也可能不來(lái)。

Itmay/might rain this afternoon. Youd better take a raincoat with you.

今天下午可能會(huì)下雨。你最好帶上雨衣。

3．may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。

May you succeed!

祝你成功！

4．“may/might as well＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示“不妨，還不如”。

I may/mightas well start at once.

我還不如馬上就動(dòng)身。

1．表示命令或強(qiáng)烈的建議，意為“必須”。

Allthe students must obey the school rules.

所有學(xué)生必須遵守校規(guī)。

2．表示十分肯定的推測(cè)，意為“一定；準(zhǔn)是”。

Bettymust be in the next room. I can hear her talking there.

貝蒂肯定在隔壁房間。我能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在那兒講話。

3．表示說(shuō)話人的一種態(tài)度，意為“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。

Whymust he go out in the bad weather?

為什么他偏要在這種壞天氣出門(mén)？

4．must not表示禁止，意思是“不許”“不準(zhǔn)”“不可以”等。

Youmustnt stop your car in the busy street.

你不能把車(chē)停在繁忙的路上。

5．回答must問(wèn)句時(shí)，肯定回答多用must;否定回答多用neednt或donthave to。

—MustI finish my homework before eight oclock?

—Yes,you must.(No, you neednt/you dont have to.)

——我必須要在8點(diǎn)之前完成作業(yè)嗎？

——是的，必須。(不，沒(méi)必要。)

beable to意為“能夠，有能力”，不僅有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，而且還可以與某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用(通常不與 can 連用)，甚至還可以有非謂語(yǔ)形式。

Sincehis accident he hasnt been able to leave thehouse.

自出事之后，他一直未能離開(kāi)家。

Youmight be able to persuade him.

你也許能夠說(shuō)服他。

Ihope to be able to do the work.

我希望能干得了這項(xiàng)工作。

Iregret not being able to help her.

我很遺憾未能幫助她。

[易混辨析：can, be able to表示“能力”時(shí)的區(qū)別]

can	用于指現(xiàn)在，常表示自身具有的能力
be able to	用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力后所具有的能力

Babiescan swim when they were born.

嬰兒們剛生下來(lái)時(shí)會(huì)游泳。(自身具有的能力)

Withouthis hard work, he was not able to get good grades.

如果他沒(méi)有努力工作，他是不可能取得好成績(jī)的。(經(jīng)過(guò)努力)

dare既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。

1．dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件句中。此時(shí)的dare沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成否定和疑問(wèn)。例如：

Dare you climb that tree?

你敢爬那棵樹(shù)嗎？

Hedarent go there because it is very dangerous.

他不敢去那兒，因?yàn)槟莾汉芪ｋU(xiǎn)。

2．dare用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱(chēng)的變化，用do,does或did來(lái)構(gòu)成否定句或疑問(wèn)句。

Shedidnt dare to say a word, did she?

她一句話也不敢說(shuō)，是嗎？

haveto意為“不得不”，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，其否定形式為

dont/doesnt/didnt have to。

Itstoo late. I have to go home now.

天色太晚了，我現(xiàn)在得回家了。

Youdont have to finish the work now.

你沒(méi)有必要現(xiàn)在完成這項(xiàng)工作。

【點(diǎn)津】 have to和must的區(qū)別：

haveto表示一種客觀的需要，而must表示一種主觀的需要。此外，must還表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。

I haveto attend an important meeting this afternoon.

今天下午我不得不參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。

I mustclean the room because there are too dirty.

因?yàn)樘K了，我必須要打掃房間。

hadbetter意為“最好；應(yīng)該”，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，常用來(lái)提出建議，或表示迫切的希望、警告等，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。其中動(dòng)詞had沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)或數(shù)的變化。hadbetter的簡(jiǎn)略式為：d better，否定式為：had better not。

Shedbetter get here soon or shell miss the opening ceremony.

她最好快點(diǎn)到這兒來(lái)，否則她會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)開(kāi)幕式的。

Theyhad better not be late.

他們最好不要遲到。

1．作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

(1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或條件句中，意為“必須”或“需要”。

—NeedI finish the work today?

—Yes,you must. /No, you neednt.

——我需要今天干完這項(xiàng)工作嗎？

——是的，必須干完。/不用，你不必干完。

(2)neednt意為“不必”，表示客觀上不必如何。

Theresplenty of time. You neednt drive so fast.

時(shí)間很充足，你不必開(kāi)這么快。

2．作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后可接名詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等，有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。

Thebike needs repairing.

＝The bike needs to be repaired.

這輛自行車(chē)需要修理。

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)句子中有時(shí)包含時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the next day，soon等。