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新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 Using langauge-Listening教學(xué)設(shè)計
The theme of this section is to learn how to make emergency calls. Students should learn how to make emergency calls not only in China, but also in foreign countries in English, so that they can be prepared for future situations outside the home.The emergency telephone number is a vital hotline, which should be the most clear, rapid and effective communication with the acute operator.This section helps students to understand the emergency calls in some countries and the precautions for making emergency calls. Through the study of this section, students can accumulate common expressions and sentence patterns in this context. 1.Help students accumulate emergency telephone numbers in different countries and learn more about first aid2.Guide the students to understand the contents and instructions of the telephone, grasp the characteristics of the emergency telephone and the requirements of the emergency telephone.3.Guide students to understand the first aid instructions of the operators.4.Enable Ss to make simulated emergency calls with their partners in the language they have learned1. Instruct students to grasp the key information and important details of the dialogue.2. Instruct students to conduct a similar talk on the relevant topic.Step1:Look and discuss:Match the pictures below to the medical emergencies, and then discuss the questions in groups.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教學(xué)設(shè)計三
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.）Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法；2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點快速而準(zhǔn)確地找到主題句；3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能否理清論說文的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和文本邏輯，了解節(jié)日風(fēng)俗發(fā)展與變遷，感悟節(jié)日的內(nèi)涵與意義。
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教學(xué)設(shè)計四
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法；2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能否通過人物言行的對比分析道德故事的深層內(nèi)涵；3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能否根據(jù)故事的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果來深入理解故事的情節(jié)，從而了解文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu)；4、結(jié)合現(xiàn)實生活案例發(fā)表自己的見解和看法,寫一篇觀點明確、層次分明的故事評論。
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 2 Morals and virtues教學(xué)設(shè)計一
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定義；2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能否通過說話人所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容、說話的語氣、語調(diào)等來判斷其態(tài)度和情緒；3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能否針對具體的道德困境發(fā)表自己的看法和見解，能否掌握聽力理訓(xùn)練中的聽力策略。
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教學(xué)設(shè)計四
該板塊的活動主題是“介紹一個有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過介紹中國城繼續(xù)聚焦中國文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國文化與美國多元文化的關(guān)系,它是美國多元文化的重要組成部分。中國城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國文化的重要窗口,外國人在中國城能近距離體驗中國文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 4 Reading and thinking教學(xué)設(shè)計
【詞匯精講】highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;強(qiáng)調(diào);使醒目One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.這次旅行的亮點之一是參觀泰姬陵。Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.你的簡歷應(yīng)該突出你的技能和成就。The report highlights the major problems facing society today.報告強(qiáng)調(diào)了當(dāng)今社會所面臨的主要問題。I’ve highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黃色標(biāo)出了重要段落。7.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter,with daily temperatures averaging -10 ℃.埃德蒙頓冬季寒冷,日平均氣溫為-10°C。【詞匯精講】freezing adj.極冷的;冰凍的Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather.在冰凍的天氣里,放一盆水在室外。It’s freezing cold outside so wear a warm coat.外面超冷的,所以穿一個暖和一點的外套吧。8.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto.直到上午9時30分,他們才終于到達(dá)多倫多的首府安大略省?！揪涫狡饰觥勘揪涫且粋€強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的時間狀語until 9:30。含有not...until...的句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)句為It is not until...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那時我才突然意識到?jīng)]有人比我更幸福了。
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Learning about Language教學(xué)設(shè)計
1. We'll need ten months at least to have the restaurant decorated.2.Some traditional Chinese dishes from before the Ming Dynasty are still popular today.3.My grandpa's breakfast mainly includes whole grain biscuits and a glass of milk.4.People in this area would eat nearly a kilo of cheese per week.5. We enjoyed a special dinner in a fancy restaurant where the waiters all wore attractive suits.6. He prefers this brand of coffee which, as he said, has an unusually good flavor.Key:1. at a minimum 2. prior to3. consist of4. consume5. elegant6. exceptionalStep 5：Familiarize yourself with some food idioms by matching the meaning on the right with the colored words on the left.1.Public concern for the health of farm animals has mushroomed in the UK2.Anderson may be young but he's certainly rolling to doing dough!3.George is a popular lecturer. He often peppers his speech with jokes.4.As the person to bring home the bacon, he needs to find a stable job.5 He is often regarded as a ham actor for his over emphasized facial expressions. The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato. 6.The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato.7.Don't worry about the test tomorrow. It's going to be a piece of cake!8. It's best to fold the swimming ring when it is as flat as a pancake.A. completely flatB. something that is very easy to do C.an issue that is hard to deal withD.to include large numbers of somethingE.to earn on e's living to support a familyF. wealthyG.to rapidly increase in numberH. an actor who performs badly, especially by over emphasizing emotions
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Learning about Language教學(xué)設(shè)計
The activity theme of this section is to design various activities around the key words in the first text. Therefore, the activities require students to pay attention to the spelling of words. On the other hand, let students grasp the meaning of words more accurately through sentences and short texts. This kind of teaching design also helps to improve the ability of using English thinking.1. Cultivating students' ability to use word formation to induce and memorize vocabulary, and the ability to use lexical chunks to express meaning.2. Guide the students to think independently and use the correct form of words to complete sentences3. Cultivate students' habit of using lexical chunks to express language completely, guide students to draw words in sentences quickly, pay attention to word collocation, so as to accumulate more authentic expressions4. Instruct students to create sentences with the chunks.1. Enable students to use the language points in the real situation or specific contexts flexibly and appropriately.2. Guiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Think of a word that best fits each definition.1. to remember sth2.to accept, admit, or recognize sth or the truth/existence of sth3. the process of changing sth or yourself to suit a new situation4 .to make sb feel less worried or unhappy5. a strong desire to achieve sth
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Reading and thinking教學(xué)設(shè)計
Her tutor told her to acknowledge __________ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her _______（read） lots of information in order to form __________wise opinion of her own.Now halfway __________ her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said __________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been__________ (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger __________（build） a bridge between the two countries. keys:Xie Lei, a 19yearold Chinese student, said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded (board) a plane for London six months ago in order to get a business qualification. She was ambitious(ambition) to set up a business after graduation. It was the first time that she had left (leave) home.At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. When she missed home, she felt comforted (comfort) to have a second family. Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements. Her tutor told her to acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been involved (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between the two countries.
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Reading for writing教學(xué)設(shè)計
The theme of this section is to express people's views on studying abroad. With the continuous development of Chinese economic construction, especially the general improvement of people's living standards, the number of Chinese students studying abroad at their own expense is on the rise. Many students and parents turn their attention to the world and regard studying abroad as an effective way to improve their quality, broaden their horizons and master the world's advanced scientific knowledge, which is very important for the fever of going abroad. Studying abroad is also an important decision made by a family for their children. Therefore, it is of great social significance to discuss this issue. The theme of this section is the column discussion in the newspaper: the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. The discourse is about two parents' contribution letters on this issue. They respectively express their own positions. One thinks that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and the other thinks that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The two parents' arguments are well founded and logical. It is worth noting that the two authors do not express their views on studying abroad from an individual point of view, but from a national or even global point of view. These two articles have the characteristics of both letters and argumentative essays1.Guide the students to read these two articles, and understand the author's point of view and argument ideas2.Help the students to summarize the structure and writing methods of argumentative writing, and guides students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad3.Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems objectively, comprehensively and deeply
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Using langauge-Listening教學(xué)設(shè)計
1． How is Hunan cuisine somewhat different from Sichuan cuisine?The heat in Sichuan cuisine comes from chilies and Sichuan peppercorns. Human cuisine is often hotter and the heat comes from just chilies.2.What are the reasons why Hunan people like spicy food?Because they are a bold people. But many Chinese people think that hot food helps them overcome the effects of rainy or wet weather.3.Why do so many people love steamed fish head covered with chilies?People love it because the meat is quite tender and there are very few small bones.4.Why does Tingting recommend bridge tofu instead of dry pot duck with golden buns?Because bridge tofu has a lighter taste.5 .Why is red braised pork the most famous dish?Because Chairman Mao was from Hunan, and this was his favorite food.Step 5: Instruct students to make a short presentation to the class about your choice. Use the example and useful phrases below to help them.? In groups of three, discuss what types of restaurant you would like to take a foreign visitor to, and why. Then take turns role-playing taking your foreign guest to the restaurant you have chosen. One of you should act as the foreign guest, one as the Chinese host, and one as the waiter or waitress. You may start like this:? EXAMPLE? A: I really love spicy food, so what dish would you recommend?? B: I suggest Mapo tofu.? A: Really ? what's that?
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 4 Reading for writing教學(xué)設(shè)計
假定你是英國的Jack，打算來中國旅行，請你給你的中國筆友李華寫一封信，要點如下：1．你的旅行計劃：北京→泰山→杭州；2．征求建議并詢問他是否愿意充當(dāng)你的導(dǎo)游。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù))；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：故宮 the Forbidden City；泰山 Mount TaiDear Li Hua，I'm glad to tell you that 'm going to visit China.First，I am planning to visit Beijing，the capitalof China，where I am looking forward to enjoying the Great Wall，the Forbidden City and somebeautiful parks.Then I intend to go to visit Mount Tai in Shandong Province.I've heard that it is one ofthe most famous mountains in China and I can't wait to enjoy the amazing sunrise there.After that，I amalso going to Hangzhou.It is said that it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights，among which the West Lake is a well- known tourist attraction.What do you think of my travel plan? Will you act as my guide? Hope to hear from you soon.
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 Learning about Language教學(xué)設(shè)計
The purpose of this section of vocabulary exercises is to consolidate the key words in the first part of the reading text, let the students write the words according to the English definition, and focus on the detection of the meaning and spelling of the new words. The teaching design includes use English definition to explain words, which is conducive to improving students' interest in vocabulary learning, cultivating their sense of English language and thinking in English, and making students willing to use this method to better grasp the meaning of words, expand their vocabulary, and improve their ability of vocabulary application. Besides, the design offers more context including sentences and short passage for students to practice words flexibly.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Read the passage about chemical burns and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
農(nóng)民工突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急預(yù)案
1、全面負(fù)責(zé)農(nóng)民工工資突發(fā)事件的應(yīng)急處置工作。2、密切關(guān)注項目部是否有拖欠克扣勞動者工資情況，是否有上訪事件動態(tài)，做到及時發(fā)現(xiàn)、及時上報，迅速到位，及時地處理，防止事態(tài)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。四、處置應(yīng)急事件程序1、信息報告：發(fā)生農(nóng)民工工資突發(fā)事件后，在最短的時間內(nèi)報告集團(tuán)相關(guān)部門。2、啟動預(yù)案：突發(fā)事件發(fā)生后，應(yīng)急處理小組要在20分鐘內(nèi)做出案情初步判斷，并啟動應(yīng)急預(yù)案。
福建省福州市2015年中考語文真題試題（含答案）
②許多植物具有“慧眼”識光的能力，它們自知日出東山，夕陽西下，從而把握了自己開花和落葉的時間，如牽牛花天剛亮就開花，向日葵始終朝陽。植物不僅能“看見”光，還能感覺出光照的“數(shù)量”和質(zhì)量，某些北方良種引種到南方，顆粒不收，就是因為植物的“眼睛”對異地的光線不習(xí)慣。植物的“眼睛”對光色也非常敏感，不同植物可識別不同光線，以促進(jìn)自身的生長與發(fā)育。植物的“眼睛”原來是存在于細(xì)胞中的一種專門色素——視覺色素，植物憑借這種“眼睛”，從根到葉尖形成完整而靈敏的感光系統(tǒng)，對光產(chǎn)生既定反應(yīng)，如花開、花合、葉子向左向右、變換根的生長方向等。 ③植物界中不僅有靠根吃“素”的植物，而且還有靠“口”吃“葷”的植物，食蟲植物（也稱食肉植物）便是這類植物。這些植物的葉子變得非常奇特，它們形成各種形狀的“口”，有的像瓶子，有的像小口袋或蚌殼，能分泌消化昆蟲的黏液，還能分泌香味，許多昆蟲因為聞到香味，而跌入了陷阱之中！植物靠“口”捕食蚊蠅類的小蟲子，有時也能“吃”掉像蜻蜒一樣的大昆蟲。它們分布于世界各地，種類有500多種，最著名的有瓶子草、豬籠草、貍藻等。
福建省龍巖市2015年中考語文真題試題（含答案）
那是紐約州的午夜，她剛聽完一場音樂會回來，從宿舍里打電話給我：“今天晚上，我們學(xué)校來了一個圖瓦共和國的合唱團(tuán)，他們唱的歌，我從前也聽過，你每次去蒙古，帶回來的錄音帶和CD里面都有。可是那個時候什么感覺也沒有，為什么今天晚上他們在臺上一開始唱，我的眼淚就一直不停地掉下來？好奇怪啊！我周圍的同學(xué)都是西方人，他們也喜歡這個合唱團(tuán)，直說歌聲真美，可是，為什么我會覺得那歌聲除了美以外，還有一種好像只有我才能了解的孤獨(dú)和寂寞，覺得離他們好近、好親。整個晚上，我都在想，原來媽媽的眼淚就是這樣流下來的，原來這一切根本是由不得自己的！”然后，她就說：“媽媽，帶我去蒙古?！?/p>
福建省莆田市2015年中考語文真題試題（含答案）
13終于，一切都齊備了，我們便在最最豪華的筵席上坐下來。有烤火腿和圣誕節(jié)吃的各種各樣的好東西。吃飯的時候，母親不得不屢次三番地站起來，去上菜，收盤，再坐下來吃；后來父親注意到這種情況，便說，她完全不必這樣忙來忙去，他要她歇會兒，于是他自己便站起身到碗櫥里去拿水果。 14這頓飯吃了好長時間，真是有趣極了。吃完飯，我們大伙兒爭著幫忙擦桌子，洗碗碟，可是母親說她情愿親自來做這些事，我們只好讓她去做了，因為這一次我們也總得遷就她才行。 15一切收拾完畢，已經(jīng)很晚了。睡覺之前我們?nèi)既ノ沁^母親。她說，這是她有生以來過得最最快活的一天。我看見她眼里含著淚水?？傊?，我們大家都感覺到，我們所做的一切得到了最大的報償。
福建省三明市2015年中考語文真題試題（無答案）
麥克今年35歲，卻在監(jiān)獄里度過了整整8年，想起這事，他就恨父親老麥克。老麥克很有錢，但是個守財奴，對自己唯一的兒子也很吝嗇。麥克忍受不了那種艱苦的生活，便去做了小偷，幾年下來竟成了遠(yuǎn)近聞名的“神偷”。一次，老麥克在兒子的抽屜里發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾條鉆石項鏈，便毫不猶豫地報告了警察局，于是麥克就鋃鐺入獄了。好不容易熬到刑滿釋放，回家一看，老麥克死了，他那數(shù)億美元的財產(chǎn)也不翼而飛。就在他一籌莫展的時候，卻意外地從晚報上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一則招聘啟事：本人欲招聘小偷一名，要求：男性，35歲左右，偷盜技術(shù)高超，曾因偷盜罪被判刑入獄。有意應(yīng)聘者請與約翰遜先生聯(lián)系……麥克看了這則啟事，不覺眼前一亮，心里想：四條要求，自己條條符合。他也知道約翰遜是全城有名的大富翁，可他為啥要招聘小偷呢？
廣東省梅州市2015年中考語文真題試題（無答案）
孫叔敖為楚令尹①，一國②吏民皆來賀。有一老父衣粗衣，冠白冠，后來吊③。 孫叔敖正衣冠而見之，謂老人曰：“楚王不知臣之不肖，使臣受吏民之垢④，人盡來賀，子獨(dú)后吊，豈有說乎?”父曰：“有說：身已貴而驕人者民去之，位已高而擅權(quán)者君惡之，祿已厚而不知足者患處之⑤。”孫叔敖再拜曰：“敬受命，愿聞余教?！备冈唬骸拔灰迅咭庖嫦垄蓿僖娲蠖囊嫘?，祿已厚而慎不敢取。君謹(jǐn)守此三者，足以治楚矣!”孫叔敖對曰：“甚善，謹(jǐn)記之?！?/p>
福建省廈門市2015年中考語文真題試題（無答案）
①蘇格蘭公投落下帷幕之際，吸引人們眼球的不僅僅是票選的結(jié)果，更有英國人那奇葩的計票方式。計票的人竟然是在紙上一條條地畫豎杠杠，視覺效果非常凌亂。這引得人們議論紛紛：“想不到發(fā)達(dá)國家竟然采取這種刀耕火種的計數(shù)方式”，“這不數(shù)著數(shù)著就亂了嗎？”②對比之下，我國的“正”字計數(shù)法立刻顯得又機(jī)智又高端。這個方法廣泛流行，為大家所喜聞樂見。五筆一字，整齊劃一，視覺效果簡潔明了，能夠大大提高統(tǒng)計效率。③這么好用的方法，究竟是誰先想到的呢？目前尚不得而知，至于真正使用“正”字來計數(shù)，則要追溯到清末民初的上海。起初進(jìn)戲園看戲并不憑票，僅由服務(wù)人員領(lǐng)座，領(lǐng)座員將賣座情況在“大水牌”上注明。由于怕誤記，同時為了稽核總數(shù)，所以每滿五個看客，就寫一個“正”字，或者是領(lǐng)一個看客就劃上一筆，劃上五筆便成一個“正”字。后來戲園規(guī)模擴(kuò)大，用水牌計票的方法逐漸被戲票所取代，但“正”字的計票方法卻被商家和選舉計票所借鑒，廣泛應(yīng)用起來。