Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Discovering Useful Structure教案

Restrictive relative clauses(3)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

This teachingperiod mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” Tobegin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learnedabout the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on tostress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relativepronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation ofstudents’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basicappreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students tomaster this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing someexercises.

課件教案

1. Guide studentsto review the basic usages of relative pronounsand adverbs of attributive clauses.

2. Lead students to learn to use some special casesconcerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.

2. Enable studentsto use the basic phrases structures flexibly.

3. Strengthenstudents’ great interest in grammar learning.

1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronounsand adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence

2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronounsand adverbs of attributive clauses.

本節(jié)語法思考：定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用是什么？關(guān)系詞有哪些？

定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們在先行詞和定語從句之間起到聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，that， which和as，關(guān)系副詞有when，where和 why。

Step 1:鞏固復(fù)習(xí)限定性定語從句基本用法。

一：定語從句關(guān)系代詞用法：

1.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的選用主要由先行詞決定。

2.當(dāng)先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用who; that; whom; that；

3.當(dāng)先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用which; that; whose; as；

4.當(dāng)先行詞既有表示事物的名詞或代詞，又有表示人的名詞或代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用that.

5. whose用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，它表示“……的……; 事物（包括動(dòng)物）”， whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞可以是指人的名詞，其實(shí)也可以是指物的名詞。

二：關(guān)系副詞的用法：

如果先行詞是指代“時(shí)間的名詞”，還原到定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞when；如果先行詞是指代“地點(diǎn)的名詞”，還原到定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞where；如果先行詞是指代“原因的名詞（reason）”，還原到定語從句中用作原因狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞why。

Step 2: 限制性定語從句幾種特殊情況。

一．定語從句中介詞+關(guān)系代詞用法

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí), 我們通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom。先行詞指物時(shí), 用which; 先行詞指人時(shí), 用whom。在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中, 介詞的確定的原則是:

1.依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞等所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。

He is the man on whom you can rely. 他是你可以信賴的人。

Jack introduced to me his friend with whom Iwas not very familiar.

杰克向我介紹了我不很熟悉的那個(gè)朋友。

2.依據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體意義而定。

I’ll never forget the day on which we workedtogether in the countryside.

我不會(huì)忘記我們一起在鄉(xiāng)下工作的日子。

3.根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。

The clever boy made a hole in the wall,through which we could see what was happening inside the house.

這個(gè)聰明的孩子在墻上挖了一個(gè)洞, 透過它我們可以看到屋里發(fā)生的事情。

4.表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí), 通常用介詞of。

Julie was good at German, French and Russian,all of which she spoke fluently.

朱麗亞擅長德語、法語和俄語, 這三樣她都說得流利。

5.在定語從句中, 有一些含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語不可拆開使用, 如look after, look for等。

The babies whom the nurses are looking afterare very healthy. (正確)

The babies after whom the nurses are lookingare very healthy. (錯(cuò)誤)

二．介詞+關(guān)系代詞常見句型：

1．“代詞+ of + which/whom”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中, 代詞常常為all, each, one,many, much, most, some, none, both等, “代詞+ of + which/whom”通常在定語從句中用作主語, 說明整體中的一部分。有時(shí)候也可把“of+ which /whom”置于代詞前。