Unit 4 History andTraditions-Discovering Useful Structure教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

This theme of thepart is the past participle used as the object complement and the attribute.This section is very important for students to express their feeling ordescribe the situation concisely. So we should guide students to learn this andits functions.

1.Learn andunderstand the functions of past participle as the object complement and theattribute.

課件教案

2.Tell thedifference between the present participle and past participle.

3.Learn to writesentences with the past participle flexibly according to the context.

1.Learn andunderstand the functions of past participle as the object complement and theattribute.

2.Tell thedifference between the present participle and past participle.

3.Learn to writesentences with the past participle flexibly according to the context.

Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and answer the question:
What is therelationship between the past participle and the nouns ?

1.Most people just use the shortenedname: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.

2.They use the same flag, known as theUnion Jack,...

3.They had castles built all aroundEngland, ...

位置區(qū)別：

例1中，shortened在名詞前，例2中，known as 在名詞后面。所以，我們可以得出結(jié)論：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)分詞作名詞的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其位置在名詞前；分詞短語(yǔ)則放在名詞后面。
句子成分：
例1和例2，分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)都用來(lái)修飾名詞，做定語(yǔ)；例3 名詞castles 是作had的賓語(yǔ)，所以built是對(duì)名詞castles進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)賓補(bǔ)）

Step 2 Practice

1.分析過(guò)去分詞在句子中的成分

1)The new productfinally passed the required test.

2)It is a housebuilt by the Romans.

3)He got his toothpulled out yesterday.

4)Unfortunately hehad his leg broken yesterday.

答案：1). 作前置定語(yǔ) 2). 作后置定語(yǔ) 3).作賓補(bǔ) 4). 作賓補(bǔ)

2.把前置定語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)后置定語(yǔ)
1). tiredvisitors--- visitors________ of the long wait
2). a well-organised trip---a trip______ well by my workplace

3)beautifullydressed star--- stars __________ beautifully at the event

答案：1). tired 2).organised 3). dressed

Step 3. More as the attribute
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義

1.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示被動(dòng)和完成, 即被修飾詞通常是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者, 且該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。

I don’t like thebook written by Martin(=which was written by Martin). 我不喜歡馬丁寫(xiě)的這部書(shū)。

Our class went on a triporganized by our school(=which was organized by our school) last Monday.

上周一我們班參加了一次學(xué)校組織的旅行。

2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)僅表示完成, 不表示被動(dòng)。

The fallen leaves of the wood cover theground when in fall. 秋天時(shí), 小樹(shù)林的落葉覆蓋著地面。

The risen sun is shining brightly in themorning. 早上已升起的太陽(yáng)正明亮地閃耀著。

3.過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作非限制性定語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句, 用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明被修飾詞的情況, 通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。

The bridge, built last year(=which wasbuilt last year), is in use now.

這座橋, 去年建成, 現(xiàn)在已通行。

Paper cuts, used for religious purposes(=which are used for religiouspurposes), can be bought in the store. 用于宗教目的的剪紙可以在這家商店里買(mǎi)到。

現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

1.語(yǔ)態(tài)上不同: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義, 過(guò)去分詞多表示被動(dòng)意義。

The running water(=The water which runs)in the river is very clear. 河里的流水很清澈。

Nine out of tenwomen interviewed (=who were interviewed)about the product said they liked it.

就這個(gè)產(chǎn)品被采訪的十位婦女中有九位說(shuō)她們喜歡這個(gè)產(chǎn)品。

2.時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 而過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

We are all livingin a changing world(=a world which/that is changing).

我們都生活在正在發(fā)生變化的世界里。

The changed world(=The world which had changed) surprised him. 已經(jīng)變化了的世界令他吃驚。

Step 4. More as the object complement

1. 用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe,watch, think等表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

Many passers-bysaw a tree beside the street knocked down by a car yesterday.

昨天很多路人看見(jiàn)路邊的一棵樹(shù)被一輛小汽車(chē)撞倒了。

When he woke up inthe hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses.

當(dāng)他在醫(yī)院醒來(lái)時(shí), 他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被醫(yī)生和護(hù)士包圍著。

總結(jié)起來(lái)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：feel/find/hear/notice/see/smell/observe/watch/think+賓語(yǔ)+done

2. 用于get, have, make,keep, leave等使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

He spoke Englishslowly, and tried to make himself understood while traveling abroad.

在國(guó)外旅行期間, 他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)速很慢, 盡力讓人們理解自己的意思。

When he was working,he liked keeping the door of his room closed.

當(dāng)他工作時(shí), 他喜歡關(guān)著房間的門(mén)。

He wants tohave/get his eyes examined tomorrow.

他明天想去檢查眼睛。

He narrowly hadhis legs broken while he was riding a horse the other day.

幾天前當(dāng)他騎馬時(shí), 他的腿差點(diǎn)摔斷。

總結(jié)起來(lái)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：get/have/make/keep/leave +賓語(yǔ)+done

Step 5 Practice

一、完成下列句子。

1.Judy and I_______________（把車(chē)停下來(lái)(park)）in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square,where we could ______________________(讓我們的車(chē)充電（charge)).

2.When we finallyreached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ thatthere were no audio guides____________(留下，剩下）.

3.We__________________________（發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)...很驚訝）the large numberof visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.

4.Judy____________________(眼神專(zhuān)注于） Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard toapproach the painting as there were so many people around.

5.She____________________(把這幅畫(huà)的復(fù)制品裝箱（box)） to ensure that it was delivered safely.

答案：1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left

3.found ourselves very surprised 4.had her eyes fixed on
5. had a copy of the painting boxed

二、用過(guò)去分詞對(duì)下列句子進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)。