The activity theme of this section is to design various activities around the key words in the first text. Therefore, the activities require students to pay attention to the spelling of words. On the other hand, let students grasp the meaning of words more accurately through sentences and short texts. This kind of teaching design also helps to improve the ability of using English thinking.1. Cultivating students' ability to use word formation to induce and memorize vocabulary, and the ability to use lexical chunks to express meaning.2. Guide the students to think independently and use the correct form of words to complete sentences3. Cultivate students' habit of using lexical chunks to express language completely, guide students to draw words in sentences quickly, pay attention to word collocation, so as to accumulate more authentic expressions4. Instruct students to create sentences with the chunks.1. Enable students to use the language points in the real situation or specific contexts flexibly and appropriately.2. Guiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Think of a word that best fits each definition.1. to remember sth2.to accept, admit, or recognize sth or the truth/existence of sth3. the process of changing sth or yourself to suit a new situation4 .to make sb feel less worried or unhappy5. a strong desire to achieve sth
Her tutor told her to acknowledge __________ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her _______(read) lots of information in order to form __________wise opinion of her own.Now halfway __________ her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said __________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been__________ (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger __________(build) a bridge between the two countries. keys:Xie Lei, a 19yearold Chinese student, said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded (board) a plane for London six months ago in order to get a business qualification. She was ambitious(ambition) to set up a business after graduation. It was the first time that she had left (leave) home.At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. When she missed home, she felt comforted (comfort) to have a second family. Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements. Her tutor told her to acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been involved (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between the two countries.
? B: Absolutely! Getting involved with Chinese cultural activities there definitely helped a lot. I got to practice my Chinese on a daily basis, and I could learn how native Chinese speakers spoke.? A: What do you feel is your biggest achievement?? B: Learning Chinese characters! I have learnt about 1,500 so far. When I first started, I didn't think it was even going to be possible to learn so many, but now I find that I can read signs, menus, and even some easy newspaper articles.? A: What are you most keen on?? B: I've really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese characters, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way. ? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? I have really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese Calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese character, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way.? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? B: I'd say, give it a shot! While some aspects may be difficult, it is quite rewarding and you will be happy that you tried.? A: Thanks for your time. ? B:You're welcome.
This section guides students to pay attention to the typical context of vocabulary use, helps students accumulate vocabulary around the key vocabulary of this unit, and uses the learned words and word chunks in different contexts to deeply understand their meaning and usage, so as to achieve the purpose of review and consolidation.The teaching design activities aim to guide students to pay attention to the typical context in which the target vocabulary is used, as well as the common vocabulary used in collocation, so that students can complete the sentence with correct words. In terms of vocabulary learning strategies, this unit focuses on cultivating students' ability to pay attention to collocation of words and to use word blocks to express meaning.For vocabulary learning, it is not enough just to know the meaning of a single word, but the most important thing is to master the common collocations of words, namely word blocks.Teachers should timely guide students to summarize common vocabulary collocation, such as verb and noun collocation, verb and preposition collocation, preposition and noun collocation, and so on.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.
The theme of this activity is to learn the first aid knowledge of burns. Burns is common in life, but there are some misunderstandings in manual treatment. This activity provides students with correct first aid methods, so as not to take them for granted in an emergency. This section guides students to analyze the causes of scald and help students avoid such things. From the perspective of text structure and collaborative features, the text is expository. Expository, with explanation as the main way of expression, transmits knowledge and information to readers by analyzing concepts and elaborating examples. This text arranges the information in logical order, clearly presents three parts of the content through the subtitle, accurately describes the causes, types, characteristics and first aid measures of burns, and some paragraphs use topic sentences to summarize the main idea, and the level is very clear.1. Guide students to understand the causes, types, characteristics and first aid methods of burns, through reading2. Enhance students’ ability to deal withburnss and their awareness of burns prevention3. Enable students to improve the ability to judge the types of texts accurately and to master the characteristics and writing techniques of expository texts.Guide students to understand the causes, types, characteristics and first aid methods of burns, through readingStep1: Lead in by discussing the related topic:1. What first-aid techniques do you know of ?CPR; mouth to mouth artificial respiration; the Heimlich Manoeuvre
假定你是英國(guó)的Jack,打算來(lái)中國(guó)旅行,請(qǐng)你給你的中國(guó)筆友李華寫一封信,要點(diǎn)如下:1.你的旅行計(jì)劃:北京→泰山→杭州;2.征求建議并詢問他是否愿意充當(dāng)你的導(dǎo)游。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù));2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:故宮 the Forbidden City;泰山 Mount TaiDear Li Hua,I'm glad to tell you that 'm going to visit China.First,I am planning to visit Beijing,the capitalof China,where I am looking forward to enjoying the Great Wall,the Forbidden City and somebeautiful parks.Then I intend to go to visit Mount Tai in Shandong Province.I've heard that it is one ofthe most famous mountains in China and I can't wait to enjoy the amazing sunrise there.After that,I amalso going to Hangzhou.It is said that it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights,among which the West Lake is a well- known tourist attraction.What do you think of my travel plan? Will you act as my guide? Hope to hear from you soon.
The purpose of this section of vocabulary exercises is to consolidate the key words in the first part of the reading text, let the students write the words according to the English definition, and focus on the detection of the meaning and spelling of the new words. The teaching design includes use English definition to explain words, which is conducive to improving students' interest in vocabulary learning, cultivating their sense of English language and thinking in English, and making students willing to use this method to better grasp the meaning of words, expand their vocabulary, and improve their ability of vocabulary application. Besides, the design offers more context including sentences and short passage for students to practice words flexibly.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Read the passage about chemical burns and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
The theme of this section is to learn how to make emergency calls. Students should learn how to make emergency calls not only in China, but also in foreign countries in English, so that they can be prepared for future situations outside the home.The emergency telephone number is a vital hotline, which should be the most clear, rapid and effective communication with the acute operator.This section helps students to understand the emergency calls in some countries and the precautions for making emergency calls. Through the study of this section, students can accumulate common expressions and sentence patterns in this context. 1.Help students accumulate emergency telephone numbers in different countries and learn more about first aid2.Guide the students to understand the contents and instructions of the telephone, grasp the characteristics of the emergency telephone and the requirements of the emergency telephone.3.Guide students to understand the first aid instructions of the operators.4.Enable Ss to make simulated emergency calls with their partners in the language they have learned1. Instruct students to grasp the key information and important details of the dialogue.2. Instruct students to conduct a similar talk on the relevant topic.Step1:Look and discuss:Match the pictures below to the medical emergencies, and then discuss the questions in groups.
教 學(xué) 過(guò) 程教師 行為學(xué)生 行為教學(xué) 意圖時(shí)間 *揭示課題 1.3正弦定理與余弦定理. *創(chuàng)設(shè)情境 興趣導(dǎo)入 在實(shí)際問題中,經(jīng)常需要計(jì)算高度、長(zhǎng)度、距離和角的大小,這類問題中有許多與三角形有關(guān),可以歸結(jié)為解三角形問題,經(jīng)常需要應(yīng)用正弦定理或余弦定理. 介紹 播放 課件 了解 觀看 課件 學(xué)生自然的走向知識(shí)點(diǎn) 0 5*鞏固知識(shí) 典型例題 例6一艘船以每小時(shí)36海里的速度向正北方向航行(如圖1-14).在A處觀察燈塔C在船的北偏東30°,0.5小時(shí)后船行駛到B處,再觀察燈塔C在船的北偏東45°,求B處和燈塔C的距離(精確到0.1海里). 解 因?yàn)椤螻BC=45°,A=30°,所以C=15°, AB = 36×0.5 = 18 (海里). 由正弦定理得 答:B處離燈塔約為34.8海里. 例7 修筑道路需挖掘隧道,在山的兩側(cè)是隧道口A和B(圖1-15),在平地上選擇適合測(cè)量的點(diǎn)C,如果C=60°,AB = 350m,BC = 450m,試計(jì)算隧道AB的長(zhǎng)度(精確到1m). 解 在△ABC中,由余弦定理知 =167500. 所以AB≈409m. 答:隧道AB的長(zhǎng)度約為409m. 圖1-15 引領(lǐng) 講解 說(shuō)明 引領(lǐng) 觀察 思考 主動(dòng) 求解 觀察 通過(guò) 例題 進(jìn)一 步領(lǐng) 會(huì) 注意 觀察 學(xué)生 是否 理解 知識(shí) 點(diǎn) 40
教 學(xué) 過(guò) 程教師 行為學(xué)生 行為教學(xué) 意圖時(shí)間 *揭示課題 3.1 排列與組合. *創(chuàng)設(shè)情境 興趣導(dǎo)入 基礎(chǔ)模塊中,曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)原理.大家知道: (1)如果完成一件事,有N類方式.第一類方式有k1種方法,第二類方式有k2種方法,……,第n類方式有kn種方法,那么完成這件事的方法共有 = + +…+(種). (3.1) (2)如果完成一件事,需要分成N個(gè)步驟.完成第1個(gè)步驟有k1種方法,完成第2個(gè)步驟有k2種方法,……,完成第n個(gè)步驟有kn種方法,并且只有這n個(gè)步驟都完成后,這件事才能完成,那么完成這件事的方法共有 = · ·…·(種). (3.2) 下面看一個(gè)問題: 在北京、重慶、上海3個(gè)民航站之間的直達(dá)航線,需要準(zhǔn)備多少種不同的機(jī)票? 這個(gè)問題就是從北京、重慶、上海3個(gè)民航站中,每次取出2個(gè)站,按照起點(diǎn)在前,終點(diǎn)在后的順序排列,求不同的排列方法的總數(shù). 首先確定機(jī)票的起點(diǎn),從3個(gè)民航站中任意選取1個(gè),有3種不同的方法;然后確定機(jī)票的終點(diǎn),從剩余的2個(gè)民航站中任意選取1個(gè),有2種不同的方法.根據(jù)分步計(jì)數(shù)原理,共有3×2=6種不同的方法,即需要準(zhǔn)備6種不同的飛機(jī)票: 北京→重慶,北京→上海,重慶→北京,重慶→上海,上?!本?,上?!貞c. 介紹 播放 課件 質(zhì)疑 了解 觀看 課件 思考 引導(dǎo) 啟發(fā)學(xué)生得出結(jié)果 0 15*動(dòng)腦思考 探索新知 我們將被取的對(duì)象(如上面問題中的民航站)叫做元素,上面的問題就是:從3個(gè)不同元素中,任取2個(gè),按照一定的順序排成一列,可以得到多少種不同的排列. 一般地,從n個(gè)不同元素中,任取m (m≤n)個(gè)元素,按照一定的順序排成一列,叫做從n個(gè)不同元素中取出m個(gè)元素的一個(gè)排列,時(shí)叫做選排列,時(shí)叫做全排列. 總結(jié) 歸納 分析 關(guān)鍵 詞語(yǔ) 思考 理解 記憶 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)解決問題方法 20
教 學(xué) 過(guò) 程教師 行為學(xué)生 行為教學(xué) 意圖時(shí)間 *揭示課題 10.3總體、樣本與抽樣方法(一) *創(chuàng)設(shè)情境 興趣導(dǎo)入 【實(shí)驗(yàn)】 商店進(jìn)了一批蘋果,小王從中任意選取了10個(gè)蘋果,編上號(hào)并稱出質(zhì)量.得到下面的數(shù)據(jù)(如表10-6所示): 蘋果編號(hào)12345678910質(zhì)量(kg)0.210.170.190.160.200.220.210.180.190.17 利用這些數(shù)據(jù),就可以估計(jì)出這批蘋果的平均質(zhì)量及蘋果的大小是否均勻. 介紹 質(zhì)疑 講解 說(shuō)明 了解 思考 啟發(fā) 學(xué)生思考 0 10*動(dòng)腦思考 探索新知 【新知識(shí)】 在統(tǒng)計(jì)中,所研究對(duì)象的全體叫做總體,組成總體的每個(gè)對(duì)象叫做個(gè)體. 上面的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,這批蘋果的質(zhì)量是研究對(duì)象的總體,每個(gè)蘋果的質(zhì)量是研究的個(gè)體. 講解 說(shuō)明 引領(lǐng) 分析 理解 記憶 帶領(lǐng) 學(xué)生 分析 20*鞏固知識(shí) 典型例題 【知識(shí)鞏固】 例1 研究某班學(xué)生上學(xué)期數(shù)學(xué)期末考試成績(jī),指出其中的總體與個(gè)體. 解 該班所有學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)期末考試成績(jī)是總體,每一個(gè)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)期末考試成績(jī)是個(gè)體. 【試一試】 我們經(jīng)常用燈泡的使用壽命來(lái)衡量燈炮的質(zhì)量.指出在鑒定一批燈泡的質(zhì)量中的總體與個(gè)體. 說(shuō)明 強(qiáng)調(diào) 引領(lǐng) 觀察 思考 主動(dòng) 求解 通過(guò)例題進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)會(huì) 35
3)乘除運(yùn)算①有理數(shù)的乘法法則:(老師給出,學(xué)生一起朗讀)1. 兩數(shù)相乘,同號(hào)得正,異號(hào)得負(fù),并把絕對(duì)值相乘;2. 任何數(shù)與零相乘都得零;3. 幾個(gè)不等于零的數(shù)相乘,積的符號(hào)由負(fù)因數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù)決定,當(dāng)負(fù)因數(shù)有奇數(shù)個(gè)數(shù),積為負(fù);當(dāng)負(fù)因數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù)為偶數(shù)個(gè)時(shí),積為正;4. 幾個(gè)有理數(shù)相乘,若其中有一個(gè)為零,積就為零。②有理數(shù)的除法法則:(老師提問,學(xué)生回答)1. 兩個(gè)有理數(shù)相除,同號(hào)得正,異號(hào)得負(fù),并把絕對(duì)值相除;2. 除以一個(gè)數(shù)等于乘以這個(gè)數(shù)的倒數(shù)。③關(guān)系(老師給出)除法轉(zhuǎn)化為乘法進(jìn)行運(yùn)算。
一、課前準(zhǔn)備師:同學(xué)們想一想,你同父母一起去商店買衣服時(shí),衣服上的號(hào)碼都有哪些,標(biāo)志是什么?學(xué)生:我看到有些衣服上標(biāo)有M、S、L、XL、XXL等號(hào)碼.但我不清楚代表的具體范圍,適合什么人穿,但肯定與身高、胖瘦有關(guān).師:這位同學(xué)很善動(dòng)腦,也愛觀察.S代表最小號(hào),身高在150~155cm的人適合穿S號(hào).M號(hào)適合身高在155~160cm的人著裝……廠家做衣服訂尺寸也并不是按所有人的尺寸定做,而是按某個(gè)范圍分組批量生產(chǎn).你覺得這種生產(chǎn)方法有什么優(yōu)點(diǎn)?學(xué)校要為同學(xué)們訂制校服,為此小明調(diào)查了他們班50名同學(xué)的身高,結(jié)果(單位cm).如下
本節(jié)的內(nèi)容主要是反比例函數(shù)的概念教學(xué).反比例函數(shù)概念的建立,不能從形式上進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的抽象與概括,而是對(duì)這些實(shí)例從不同角度抽象出本質(zhì)屬性后,再進(jìn)行概括。教材設(shè)計(jì)的基本思路是從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中大量的反比例關(guān)系中抽象出反比例函數(shù)概念,讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步感受函數(shù)是反映現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中變量關(guān)系的一種有效數(shù)學(xué)模型,逐步從對(duì)具體反比例函數(shù)的感性認(rèn)識(shí)上升到對(duì)抽象的反比例函數(shù)概念的理性認(rèn)識(shí). 同時(shí)本節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容,直接關(guān)系到本章后續(xù)內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí),也是繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)其它各類函數(shù)的基礎(chǔ),其中蘊(yùn)涵的類比、歸納、對(duì)應(yīng)和函數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法,對(duì)學(xué)生今后研究問題、解決問題以及終身的發(fā)展都是非常有益的.基于以上分析,本節(jié)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)是建立在一個(gè)個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上,經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)情境理解、本質(zhì)抽象的積累而形成的.讓學(xué)生對(duì)一類問題情境中兩個(gè)變量間的關(guān)系,在充分經(jīng)歷寫表達(dá)式,計(jì)算函數(shù)值和觀察函數(shù)值隨自變量變化規(guī)律的過(guò)程中,逐步概括形成反比例函數(shù)的概念.針對(duì)教學(xué)實(shí)際,我選取了貼學(xué)生現(xiàn)實(shí)的,有價(jià)值的實(shí)例“文具店里買學(xué)習(xí)用品”和“剪面積為定值的長(zhǎng)方形紙片”等作為問題情境.
1、書中還有許多描寫旺達(dá)的片段,哪一處給你留下了深刻的印象呢?請(qǐng)同座位互相交流。全班交流。老師也想和大家一起分享一點(diǎn)感受。老師讀第13頁(yè)片段,并談感受。課件出示:孤單,被嘲笑者2、你有過(guò)被人嘲笑的經(jīng)歷嗎?談一談。旺達(dá)是怎樣面對(duì)同學(xué)們的嘲笑?3、轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)之后,十三班的同學(xué)們收到了她爸爸的來(lái)信。誰(shuí)愿意讀讀這封信?圣誕節(jié)來(lái)臨之際,旺達(dá)也寫來(lái)一封信。學(xué)生讀。讀完這兩封信,大家肯定感慨萬(wàn)千,一定有很多話想說(shuō)吧?全班交流課件出示:善良 寬容
(a)(1)“業(yè)主”指 (名稱)及其法定繼承人,不包括其任何受讓人(除承包人同意外)。業(yè)主可在本合同項(xiàng)下指定一家采購(gòu)全權(quán)代理機(jī)構(gòu),如果已經(jīng)指定,則在投標(biāo)須知前附表第23欄中指明采購(gòu)代理機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱、采購(gòu)、監(jiān)督和支付的范圍,以及在招標(biāo)期間及隨后的授標(biāo)等問題上的責(zé)任。(2)“承包人”指其投標(biāo)書被業(yè)主接受的當(dāng)事人,或其法定繼承人,不包括其任何受讓人(除業(yè)主同意外)。(3)分包人指在合同中提及的承擔(dān)部分工程施工的當(dāng)事人或經(jīng)監(jiān)理工程師、同意已分包了部分工程的任何當(dāng)事人,及取得該當(dāng)事人資格的法定繼承人,但不包括其任何受讓人。(4)“監(jiān)理工程師”指由業(yè)主指定的為執(zhí)行合同規(guī)定的任務(wù)的監(jiān)理工程師、即 (監(jiān)理工程師單位名稱)或由業(yè)主任命并書面通知承包人代行監(jiān)理工程師職權(quán)的當(dāng)事人。(5)“監(jiān)理工程師代表”指根據(jù)22款規(guī)定隨時(shí)由監(jiān)理工程師任命的個(gè)人。(6)“承包人授權(quán)代表”是指由承包人任命由業(yè)主批準(zhǔn),在本合同項(xiàng)下代行承包人全權(quán)的個(gè)人。(7)“熟練工人”指的是熟悉放樣、對(duì)復(fù)雜工程能進(jìn)行監(jiān)督的工人,包括設(shè)備操作人員。(8)“非熟練工人”指的是持普通手工工具,包括小型動(dòng)力工具進(jìn)行施工作業(yè)的人員。(b)(l)“合同”指合同條件、規(guī)范、圖紙、工程量清單、投標(biāo)書、中標(biāo)
1、方程的定義1)像這種用等號(hào)“=”來(lái)表示相等關(guān)系的式子,叫等式。(老師給出定義。)2)請(qǐng)大家觀察左邊的這些式子,看看它們有什么共同的特征?(老師提出問題。)3)列方程時(shí),要先設(shè)字母表示未知數(shù),然后根據(jù)問題中的相等關(guān)系,寫出含有未知數(shù)的等式叫做方程。(學(xué)生思考后,老師給出新學(xué)內(nèi)容方程的定義。)4)判斷方程的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵要素: ①有未知數(shù) ②是等式(老師提問,并給出。)
重點(diǎn)分析:本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)是離散型隨機(jī)變量的概率分布,難點(diǎn)是理解離散型隨機(jī)變量的概念. 離散型隨機(jī)變量 突破難點(diǎn)的方法: 函數(shù)的自變量 隨機(jī)變量 連續(xù)型隨機(jī)變量 函數(shù)可以列表 X123456p 2 4 6 8 10 12
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語(yǔ)。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分,只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat