Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Discovering useful structures教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

The grammatical structure of this unit ispredicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clauseis one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that,what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.

課件教案

The design of teaching activities aims to guidestudents to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and thinkabout their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided touse this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.

1. Enable the Ss tomaster the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.

2. Enable the Ss to usethe predicative patterns flexibly.

3. Train the Ss to applysome skills by doing the relevant exercises.

1.Guide students toperceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about theirideographic functions.

2.Strengthen studentsability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate theirability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.

Step1: Underline all the examples in thereading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then statetheir meaning and functions.

1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.

2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection fromgerms in food or water.

3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had beeninfected by waste.

Sum up the rules of grammar:

1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語。

2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分，只起連接作用。

Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses

1.Definition

在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句，叫作表語從句。它位于主句的系動(dòng)詞之后，對(duì)主語進(jìn)行解釋、說明，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。

2．Leading words , functions and examples:

引導(dǎo)詞

用法

例句

從

屬

連

詞

that、

whether

(不能用if)

that在從句中不作成分，that沒有實(shí)際意義，不可省略；

whether意為“是否”

My belief is that I will succeed by working hard.我的信念是通過努力我會(huì)成功。

The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.雨季最令人愉快的事情是完全沒有灰塵。

The problem is whether we can find them there.問題是我們能否在那里找到他們。

because

說明主語所表示的事件發(fā)生的原因，意為“因?yàn)椤?/p>

He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.他有心臟病。那是因?yàn)樗闊熖唷?/p>

as if/though

從句表示的情況發(fā)生的可能性較小時(shí)常用虛擬語氣

It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.

他好像不知道答案。

連

接

代

詞

who(ever)、

whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)、

which(ever)等

在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等

You can be whoever you want to be.你可以成為你想做的任何人。

Tom is no longer what he used to be.湯姆不再是過去的那個(gè)他了。

連

接

副

詞

when、where、

why、how等

在從句中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等

This is where I dont agree with you.這就是我不同意你的地方。

The question is how we can get in touch with him.問題是我們?cè)鯓硬拍芎退?lián)系。

That is why I got wet through.所以我才被淋濕了。

3．Points that we should pay attention to:

(1) The difference of “that” and “what”.

that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，是連詞，在從句中不作成分；what是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。

That was what she didthis morning on her way to school.那就是她今天早晨在去學(xué)校的路上做過的事。

My opinion is that we should communicate with parents frequently.我的意見是我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常和父母溝通。

(2)because與why的區(qū)別

because引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)原因，why引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。

She often comes late. Thats becauseshe has a baby to take care of.

她經(jīng)常遲到。那是因?yàn)樗幸粋€(gè)孩子要照顧。

She has a baby to take care of. Thats why she often comes late.

她有一個(gè)孩子要照顧。那就是她經(jīng)常遲到的原因。

[點(diǎn)睛]名詞reason作主語時(shí)，后面的表語從句表示原因時(shí)要用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because。

(3)The subjunctive mood used in predicative clauses

①在表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞后的表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。

My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matterinstead of just laying it aside.我的建議是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)討論一下這件事，而不應(yīng)該只是把它放在一邊。

The doctors advice is that we (should) take more exercise.醫(yī)生的建議是我們應(yīng)該多做運(yùn)動(dòng)。

②as if/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句如果是事實(shí)，就用陳述語氣；如果與事實(shí)不符，就用虛擬語氣(用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行，過去完成時(shí)表示過去，could/would/might＋動(dòng)詞原形表示將來)。

Tom likes to talk big as if he were an important person.

湯姆喜歡說大話，好像他是一個(gè)重要人物似的。

Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if its going to rain.

烏云正在聚集?？雌饋砗孟褚掠炅恕?與事實(shí)相符)

Step 3: Practice using predicative clause in context.

(1)Answer the followingquestions using the information from the reading passage as well as thepredicative clauses.

1. What was it thatJohn Snow showed to the world?

What John Snow showedto the world was___________________________.

2. What was Snow’sdiscovery in two particular streets in London?

Snows discovery intwo particular streets in London was that___________________________

3. What was Snowdetermined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London?

What Snow wasdetermined to find out was why ___________________________

4. What were theexact places (Snow marked on the map? )

The exact places Snow marked on the map were where__________________

5. What was thefinding that Snow announced?

Snows finding was that__________________________

keys:

1.how cholera could be overcome.

2. the cholera outbreak was so severe thatmore than 500 people died in ten days

3. the outbreak of cholera had caused over500 deaths within ten days

4.all those who died had lived / all the deadpeople had lived

5. the water pump was toblame for the spread of cholera / the pump water carried cholera germs / waterfrom the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste

(2)David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project.First complete Davids lines (A-E), using the words in the box. Then putDavids lines in the correct order and practice the conversation.