1.揭示課題那么,這個運算定律是否對分數(shù)加法也適用呢?現(xiàn)在我們就來研究這個問題。板書課題:整數(shù)加法運算定律推廣到分數(shù)加法。2.研究運算定律對分數(shù)加法的適用性出示式題:提問:上面每組算式的左右兩邊有什么關系?得數(shù)是否相等?先指名學生練習,算出得數(shù)后,再引導學生觀察。提問:這兩組試題有何共同之處?組織學生開展小組討論,共同概括總結出他們的共同點,得出規(guī)律性的認識,從而使學生體會到整數(shù)加法運算定律,對分數(shù)加法同樣適用。通過討論明確:加法的交換律、結合律中的數(shù),既包括了整數(shù),又包括了小數(shù)和分數(shù)?!驹O計意圖】通過具體的實踐活動,直觀感知了加法運算定律同樣也適用于分數(shù)加法。這種通過自己實踐得來的東西,學生理解得更透,掌握得更牢。
一、說教材(一)教材簡析《假分數(shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分數(shù)》是小學數(shù)學五年級(下冊)第六單元中的內容。本節(jié)內容安排了兩個例題。這部分內容是在學生掌握了假分數(shù)的意義后,進一步學習把假分數(shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分數(shù),有利于以后進行分數(shù)計算打下堅實的基礎。(二)教學目標根據(jù)教材編排特點,我確定以下教學目標:1、知道帶分數(shù)是假分數(shù),是整數(shù)與真分數(shù)合成的數(shù)。2、會把假分數(shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分數(shù)。3、使學生經(jīng)歷假分數(shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分數(shù)的探索過程,進一步發(fā)展數(shù)感。4、培養(yǎng)良好的學習習慣,樹立學好數(shù)學的信心。(三)教學重、難點會把假分數(shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分數(shù)。二、說教法、學法通過這一環(huán)節(jié)的教學,把假分數(shù)化成整數(shù)或帶分數(shù)時,先要讓學生根據(jù)假分數(shù)的含義進行思考。在這個基礎上,再啟發(fā)學生根據(jù)分數(shù)與除法的關系計算出結果,并把用不同方法求得的結果進行比較,認識到每種方法都是有道理的。
二、以人為本,說策略?!稊?shù)學課程標準》指出:“數(shù)學教學要緊密聯(lián)系學生的生活實際,從學生的生活經(jīng)驗和已有的知識出發(fā)……”因此,結合本課教材特點、學生實際情況,我采取小組合作學習,引導學生應用學過的分數(shù)、小數(shù)互化的知識進行遷移、類推,學習新知識。同時,讓學生在嘗試探究的積極活動中獲取新知,發(fā)展能力。三、以探為主,說流程。課堂教學是學生數(shù)學知識的獲得、技能技巧的形成、智力、能力的發(fā)展以及思想品德的養(yǎng)成的主要途徑。為了達到預期的教學目標,我對整個教學過程進行了系統(tǒng)地規(guī)劃,遵循目標性、整體性、啟發(fā)性、主體性等一系列原則進行教學設計。設計了以下幾個主要的教學程序:(一)設疑激趣,引入課題?!芭d趣是最好的老師”,為了激發(fā)學生的學習興趣,課一開始,我設計了一個童話故事,在故事中設計了幫助主人公比較2/5、42%、0.45的問題,然后引出課題。
例2是面包房買賣面包的情境。解決問題的重點是學會使用小括號列綜合算式,并了解小括號的作用。通過學生熟悉的購買面包的情境,解決“還剩多少個”這個實際問題。仍然可以引導學生從不同的角度思考問題,啟發(fā)列式為54-8-22或為54-(8+22)。第二種解法的綜合算式,教材中特別強調“如果寫成一個算式,應該使用小括號”,并明確“計算時先算小括號里面的”。因為是初次在列式時需要使用小括號,如果學生產(chǎn)生疑問,教師可組織學生通過回顧舊知,利用現(xiàn)實情境,明確使用小括號的必要性及使用方法。教學例2時可以采用與例1相似的教學方式。首先讓學生觀察下頁圖,也可以利用電教媒體創(chuàng)設情境,由學生提出問題,并啟發(fā)學生思考如何解決。讓學生充分交流研討,暢談自己的想法,然后著重說明解決問題的思路。列式計算時可以先分步列式,同時強調兩種列式方法的內在聯(lián)系,列綜合算式時著重說明使用小括號的目的。
一 說教材運算定律和簡便計算的單元復習是人教版第八冊第三單元內容,屬于“數(shù)與代數(shù)”領域。本節(jié)內容是在學生學習了運算定律(加法交換律、加法結合律、乘法交換律、乘法結合律和乘法分配律)以及基本的簡便計算方法(連減、連除)基礎上進行的整理復習課。二、說教學目標及重難點1、通過復習、梳理,學生能熟練掌握加法、乘法等運算定律,能運用運算定律進行簡便計算。2、培養(yǎng)學生根據(jù)實際情況,選擇算法的能力,能靈活地解決現(xiàn)實生活中的簡單實際問題。教學重點:理解并熟練掌握運算定律,正確進行簡便計算。教學難點:根據(jù)實際,靈活計算。三、說教法學法根據(jù)教學目標及重難點,采用小組合作、自主探究、動手操作的學習方式。四、說教學過程
一、抓住特點說教材《小英雄雨來(節(jié)選)》部編版小學語文四年級下冊第六單元的講讀課文,課文節(jié)選自作家管樺寫的同名中篇小說,講的是抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期,晉察冀邊區(qū)的少年雨來,聰明勇敢,游泳本領高強,為了掩護革命干部,機智地同敵人作斗爭的故事。我在解讀本文時特別關注了三點:一是故事情節(jié)跌宕起伏,將一位熱愛祖國、不畏強敵的少年英雄塑造的活靈活現(xiàn)。二是文章中有些語句含義比較深刻,三是課文分六部分,每部分用空行隔開,便于訓練學生的歸納概括能力。教學目標:1.自主學習字詞,會認“晉、扭”等17個生字,會寫“晉、炕”等15個生字,理解字義,識記字形。2.體會雨來的英雄品質,激發(fā)愛國情感。3.品味課文如何進行環(huán)境描寫,體會這樣描寫的好處。
【說教材】這篇課文節(jié)選自作家管樺寫的同名中篇小說,選入課文時有改動,講的是在那戰(zhàn)火連天、槍炮轟鳴的抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期,晉察冀邊區(qū)的少年雨來,聰明勇敢,游泳本領高強,為了掩護革命干部,機智地同敵人作斗爭的故事,本文圍繞這一主題,課文分六個部分敘述?!菊f目標】1.自學生字新詞,掌握讀音,理解詞義;(課前完成)2.用比較快的速度默讀課文,練習給每部分加上小標題3.理解課文內容,體會雨來與敵人英勇、頑強、機智地作斗爭的英雄品質。
In the late autumn, John was badly ill andbecame bedridden (長期臥床的).After the doctor visited John several times, he told Sue, “His condition isquite ___22___.John seems to have lost all will to live. If he doesn’t want to live, medicineswill not help him.”
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole(北極)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉機)and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___condition. He felt worried, and he wanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in waternear North Pole(北極)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).
The app — called Sit With Us — is ___15___. If a student is having lunch in the afternoon,he or she can create an invitation. Other students can open the app and ___16___ that invitation. They can then use the app todecide when and where to ___17___.
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
At the age of nine, Kelly dreamed of being abasketball player. But one day when she was playing basketball, she hurt herleft leg ____16____.
Antarctica lies in the most southern part of theworld. It is the coldest area on Earth. There isn’t much rain, but there is alot of snow and wind. The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at -89.2℃!
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南極).Amundsen arrived first.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.