1. 表示時間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語動詞作狀語時, 如所提供的動詞不能和句子中的主語保持一致, 動詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語, 通常由名詞或代詞來擔任, 這就是獨立主格結構。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
1. 這個寓言是一個關于一位國王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用這個故事讓讀者對于社區(qū)的問題負有個人責任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 這個故事十分成功的實現(xiàn)了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結構:to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時,動詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。
⑦在我看來, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
另一方面,其余的人反對這個計劃,因為它可能會導致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進未來。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長期問題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認為我們應該花更多的時間和金錢來探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來,年輕人過度依賴手機是不對的,因為它們可能會對他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學就“人類是否應該進行宇宙探索”這個問題進行了激烈的討論。有人認為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來指導農業(yè)生產,以及把一些探索太空的高新技術用于現(xiàn)實生活;也有一些人認為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報告并發(fā)表自己的觀點。注意:1.寫作內容應包括以上全部要點,可適當發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;
2.陌生人初次見面打招呼What’s your name?(What’s = What is)Alan./I’m Alan./My name is AlanMiller.(first name,last name = family name)Are you Helen?Yes, I am.Niceto meet you.(這里的Iam 不能縮寫)Nice to meetyou, too.What’s his name?His name isJim.Is she Linda?
一、描述圓周運動的物理量 探究交流 打籃球的同學可能玩過轉籃球,讓籃球在指尖旋轉,展示自己的球技,如圖5-4-1所示.若籃球正繞指尖所在的豎直軸旋轉,那么籃球上不同高度的各點的角速度相同嗎?線速度相同嗎? 【提示】 籃球上各點的角速度是相同的.但由于不同高度的各點轉動時的圓心、半徑不同,由v=ωr可知不同高度的各點的線速度不同.
展示幻燈片17、19——21視頻18,了解與中國建交的17個國家的概況,說明這是新中國成立后外交上取得的首次突破。 第一個和中國建交的非社會主義國家印度繼承了英帝國主義在中國的特權,建國后中印雙方多次就西藏問題進行談判,正是在這一過程中周總理創(chuàng)造性地提出了和平共處五項原則。 成就2和平共處五項原則的提出 展示幻燈片22、23及視頻24 探究:和平共處五項原則形成的過程是怎樣的?內容是什么?有何意義? 結論(一)三個提出過程,強調重點是首次提出 (二)內容及其修訂 (三)意義:標志著新中國外交的成熟;它為開創(chuàng)中國外交新局面奠定了基礎;在世界上也產生深遠的影響,成為解決國與國之間問題的基本準則。 展示幻燈片25、26 問題情境3:三、步入世界外交舞臺
一、知識與技能1、知道伽利略的理想實驗及其主要推理過程和推論,知道理想實驗是科學研究的重要方法2、理解牛頓第一定律的內容及意義;理解力和運動的關系,知道物體的運動不需要力來維持。3、理解慣性的概念,知道質量是慣性大小的量度;會用慣性解釋一些現(xiàn)象。二、過程與方法1、觀察生活中的慣性現(xiàn)象,了解力和運動的關系2、通過實驗加深對牛頓第一定律的理解3、理解理想實驗是科學研究的重要方法三、情感態(tài)度與價值觀1、通過伽利略和亞里士多德對力和運動關系的不同認識,了解人類認識事物本質的曲折性2、感悟科學是人類進步的不竭動力[教學重點]1、理解力和運動的關系2、對牛頓第一定律和慣性的正確理解3、理想實驗[教學難點]1、力和運動的關系2、慣性和質量的關系[課時安排]1課時[教學過程][引入]
猜想:既然物體下落過程中的運動情況與物體質量無關,那么為什么在現(xiàn)實生活中,不同物體的落體運動,下落快慢不同呢?我們能否猜想是由于空氣阻力的作用造成的呢?如果沒有空氣阻力將會怎樣呢?學生討論后回答.三、猜想與假說伽利略認為,自由落體是一種最簡單的變速運動.他設想,最簡單的變速運動的速度應該是均勻變化的.但是,速度的變化怎樣才算均勻呢?他考慮了兩種可能:一種是速度的變化對時間來說是均勻的,即經過相等的時間,速度的變化相等;另一種是速度的變化對位移來說是均勻的,即經過相等的位移,速度的變化相等.伽利略假設第一種方式最簡單,并把這種運動叫做勻變速運動.四、實驗驗證實驗驗證是檢驗理論正確與否的唯一標準.任何結論和猜想都必須經過實驗驗證,否則不成理論.猜想或假說只有通過驗證才會成為理論.所謂實驗驗證就是任何人,在理論條件下去操作都能到得實驗結果,它具有任意性,但不是無條件的,實驗是在一定條件下的驗證,而與實際有區(qū)別.
一、教材分析在初中階段,物理量單位的學習是學生較為困惑的問題之一。前面關于1N的規(guī)定給學生的印象總好像是有些隨意。尤其是牛頓、帕斯卡、安培、伏特、焦耳、瓦特等單位的規(guī)定。使得學生感動物理太復雜。事實上,只有把單位制放在整個物理學框架中加以認識,并且知識有了一定的積累。經歷了充分的學習過程后才能體會物理量單位的命名和使用規(guī)則。體會到其中對一些單位進行規(guī)定的合理性和方便特征。物理學單位中,有很少幾個基本物理量,它們的單位就是基本單位。在進行了這種選定之后,其它物理量的單位就是根據(jù)它的定義式,有所選擇的其他物理量的單位共同確定的。國際單位制的建立和使用,不僅方便了國際間的交流,也逐漸成為科學研究中計算和運用的一種規(guī)范約束。中學生應該注意學習,逐步習慣,在記錄、表達和計算中規(guī)范使用。二、教學目標(一)知識與技能1.了解什么是單位制,知道力學中的三個基本單位;2.認識單位制在物理計算中的作用
演示實驗1、將一張紙和一張金屬片在同一高度同時釋放,結果金屬片先著地。教師不發(fā)表意見,繼續(xù)做實驗。分別將實驗內容和實驗結果板書在黑板上。2、將剛才的紙片緊緊捏成一團,再次與硬幣同時釋放,結果兩者幾乎同時落地。3、將兩個完全一樣的紙片,一個捏成團,一個平展,則紙團下落快。師:物體下落快慢是由質量決定嗎?生:不是的!師:為什么這樣說?生:第2個實驗和第三實驗都說明了這個問題,特別是第3個問題,質量一樣卻下落有快慢之分。師:那你現(xiàn)在覺得物體下落快慢由什么因素決定呢?生:我想應該是空氣阻力。猜想師:如果影響物體下落快慢的因素是空氣阻力,那么在沒有空氣阻力,物體的下落快慢應該是一樣的,這種猜想是不是正確呢?我們來做一個實驗驗證一下。
一、教學目標1、知識與技能(1)知道時間和時刻的含義以及它們的區(qū)別。知道在實驗室測量時間的方法。(2)知道位移的概念,知道它是表示質點位置變動的物理量,知道它是矢量,可以用有向線段來表示。(3)知道位移和路程的區(qū)別。2、過程與方法(1)聯(lián)系生活實際,通過師生共同討論的方法來確定時刻與時間、位置、位移及其路程的關系。(2)通過類比的數(shù)學方法用數(shù)學上的點、線段來突破時刻與時間的關系,直線運動的位置和位移。(3)嘗試運用所學的概念判斷一些與生活相關的實際問題。3.情感態(tài)度與價值觀(1)通過本節(jié)課的學習,使學生體會到物理現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律所蘊含的自然美。(2)通過對問題的討論,培養(yǎng)學生勇于探究與日常生活有關的物理學問題。(3)培養(yǎng)學生有主動與他人合作的團隊精神,提高學生的科學素養(yǎng)。二、教學重點、難點重點:1、時間、時刻、位置、位移的概念。2、矢量與標量的概念。
實驗目標:1、知道打點計時器的構造和原理,學會使用打點計時器,能根據(jù)打出的紙帶計算打幾個點所用的時間,會計算紙帶的平均速度,能根據(jù)紙帶粗略測量紙帶的瞬時速度,認識v-t圖象,并能根據(jù)v-t圖象判斷物體的運動情況。2、通過速度測量過程的體驗,領悟兩個方法:一是用圖象處理物理數(shù)據(jù)的方法;二是極限法或說無限趨近法,加強一個認識,實驗是檢驗理論的標準。實驗器材:電源(220v電源或學生電源),打點計時器,紙帶,刻度尺(最好是塑料透明的),導線實驗準備:1、仔細觀察電磁打點計時器和電火花計時器,對照課本,比較它們的異同。2、兩類打點計時器的打點時間間隔是多少?3、分析紙帶時,如何計算紙帶的平均速度。4、嚴格地說,瞬時速度我們引進測量出來的,你知道用什么方法求出的速度可以代替某點的瞬時速度嗎?5、從器材上讀取的數(shù)據(jù)是原始數(shù)據(jù),原始數(shù)據(jù)是寶貴的實驗資料,要嚴肅對待,要整齊的記錄,妥善保存。
2、過程與方法(1)聯(lián)系生活實際,通過師生共同討論的方法來確定時刻與時間、位置、位移及其路程的關系。(2)通過類比的數(shù)學方法用數(shù)學上的點、線段來突破時刻與時間的關系,直線運動的位置和位移。(3)嘗試運用所學的概念判斷一些與生活相關的實際問題。3.情感態(tài)度與價值觀(1)通過本節(jié)課的學習,使學生體會到物理現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律所蘊含的自然美。(2)通過對問題的討論,培養(yǎng)學生勇于探究與日常生活有關的物理學問題。(3)培養(yǎng)學生有主動與他人合作的團隊精神,提高學生的科學素養(yǎng)。二、教學重點、難點重點:1、時間、時刻、位置、位移的概念。2、矢量與標量的概念。難點:1、時刻與時間、路程和位移的區(qū)別。2、用坐標表示時刻、時間、位移的方法。3、矢量與標量的區(qū)別。
閱讀教材后總結:是萬有引力的作用把宇宙中的恒星和行星聚集在一起,組成了太陽系、銀河系和其他星系.力的相互作用遍布我們周圍的一切物體.除此之外還有電荷間的相互作用、磁體間的相互作用,我們把這種力稱為電磁相互作用.【思考與討論】質子帶正電,但質子(與中子一起)卻能聚集在一起構成原子核.你能推測是什么力的作用結果嗎?攻略一:閱讀教材53頁,師生共同討論、總結.攻略二:網絡搜索或工具書查閱“四種基本相互作用”,進一步了解概念.結論:決定物質的結構和變化過程的基本的相互作用.近代物理確認各種物質之間的基本的相互作用可歸結為四種:引力相互作用、電磁相互作用、弱相互作用和強相互作用.近代物理的觀點傾向于認為:四種基本相互作用是統(tǒng)一的,物理學家們正在為建立大統(tǒng)一理論而努力.但至今也沒有公認的結論,望同學們好好學習,為科學事業(yè)奉獻自己的聰明和才智.