Unit 3 the Internet-Discovering Useful Structure教案

The PresentPerfect Passive Voice導(dǎo)學(xué)案

This teaching periodmainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with,teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about thePresent Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more specialcases concerning this grammar。

課件教案

This period carries considerable significance tothe cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation forthe basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable studentsto master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises.

1. Guide studentsto review the basic usagesof the Present Perfect Passive Voice

2. Lead students to learn to use some special casesconcerning the Present PerfectPassive Voice flexibly.

2. Enable studentsto use the basic phrases structures flexibly.

3. Strengthen students’great interest in grammar learning.

1. Help students to appreciate the functionof the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence

2. Instruct students to write essays usingthe proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.

觀察下列句子特點(diǎn)，總結(jié)共同點(diǎn)。

1．(教材P28)Much has been written about thewonders of the World Wide Web．

2．(教材P28)But the Internet has done much morefor people than simply make life more convenient．

3．(教材P28)Many people have been helped by theclub．

4．(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and hercompany has become quite successful．

5．(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about aquestion that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoidbad experiences on the Internet?

共同點(diǎn)：has/have done

Has/have been done

一：常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：

already 已經(jīng)　　 yet 已經(jīng)

recently/lately 最近 sincethen 從那時(shí)起

ever since 自那以來(lái) ever曾經(jīng)

so far 迄今為止 by now 到現(xiàn)在為止

for a long time 很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間

in recent years 在最近幾年里

in/during/over the past/last years 在過(guò)去的幾年里

二：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的意義。

1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的被動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作已完成并強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

The door has already been locked.

門(mén)早已經(jīng)被鎖上了。

I have been employed at the job since 2015.

自從2015年，我就做這份工作。

2．基本構(gòu)成

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為has/have been done。

A lot of money has been spent to protect the oldtemple by now.

到目前為止已投入了大筆錢(qián)來(lái)保護(hù)這座古廟。

These trees have been watered lately.

那些樹(shù)最近已澆水。

2)帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show,tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，若將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前面要用相應(yīng)的介詞。

We have given him the book.

→He has been given the book.

→The book has been given to him.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，通常與already, yet, just, never, recently等副詞連用。

◆The machine has already been repaired．

機(jī)器已經(jīng)修好了。

2．表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或用于“How long ．．．？”句型中。

◆Financial problems of the company havebeen discussed for nearly two hours．

公司的財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題已被討論了近兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。

3．用在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

◆You shouldn’t leave school before yourhomework has been finished．

在你的作業(yè)沒(méi)完成之前你不應(yīng)該離開(kāi)學(xué)校。

使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要注意的問(wèn)題

1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別

The machine has been repaired.(說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，“現(xiàn)在修好了”)

The machine is being repaired now.(說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)

The machine was repaired yesterday.(只說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去)

2．非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry,open, join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)，例如：

工程已開(kāi)始三個(gè)月了。

The project has been started for threemonths.(F)

The project has been on for three months. (T)

3.帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為省略to的不定式充當(dāng)時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中需將省掉的to加上。

The boss has made his company offer morechances for people to work.

→His company has been made to offer morechances for people to work.

(4)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。

Its said that the problem has been lookedinto.

據(jù)說(shuō)已經(jīng)調(diào)查了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

總結(jié)：