Unit 5 Music-Discovering Useful Structure教案

The past participle as the predicative andadverbial教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

This teaching period mainly deals withgrammar “the past participle as the predicative and adverbial.” To begin with, teachers should lead studentsto revise what they have learned about the past participle. And then, teachers move on to stressmore special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “the past participleas the predicative and adverbial.”

課件教案

This period carries considerable significanceto the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundationfor the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected toenable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledgeby doing some exercises.

1. Guide studentsto review the basic usagesof the past participle as the predicative and adverbial

2. Lead students to learn to use some special casesconcerning the past participleas the predicative and adverbial flexibly.

3. Strengthen students’great interest in grammar learning.

1. Help students to appreciate the functionof the past participle as the predicative and adverbial in a sentence

2. Instruct students to write essays usingthe past participle as the predicative and adverbial.

The past participle as the predicative andadverbial

Step1:自主探究。

1．(教材P52)Born(bear)in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the Universityof Nevada in 1988．

2．(教材P52)Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for thefirst time．”

3．(教材P56)Iwas very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage)．

4．(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage)by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I havecontinued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day．

Step2:語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)精析。

用法1：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)

1）．過(guò)去分詞可放在連系動(dòng)詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)

Tom was astonished to see asnake moving across the floor．

湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過(guò)地板。

Finally the baby felt tiredof playing with those toys．

終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。

注意：1）.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別

過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)；而動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。

The library is now closed．(狀態(tài))圖書(shū)館現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉了。

The cup was broken by mylittle sister yesterday．(動(dòng)作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。

2）感覺(jué)類(lèi)及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)，常譯作“感到……的”；現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性，常譯作“令人……的”。

We were amazed at what hesaid at the meeting．

我們對(duì)他在會(huì)上講的話很是驚訝。

His words were discouraging, whichmade many people discouraged．

他的話令人泄氣，使得很多人灰心喪氣。

總結(jié)：英語(yǔ)中有很多與感覺(jué)有關(guān)的及物動(dòng)詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，即“令人有某種感覺(jué)的”，多用來(lái)修飾物；其過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義，即“人被引起某種感覺(jué)的”，多用來(lái)指人、人的聲音或表情等。

常用的這類(lèi)詞有：exciting/excited astonishing /astonished delighting /delighteddisappointing/disappointed encouraging/encouraged frightening/frightened interesting/interested moving/moved pleased/pleasing

The man standing there looks frightening,and the little boy is frightened．

站在那里的那個(gè)人看起來(lái)很可怕，小男孩嚇著了。

The news was exciting and wewere excited the whole night．

這則消息令人激動(dòng)，我們激動(dòng)了整整一晚上。

用法2：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的類(lèi)型

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式/伴隨和結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，且與主句主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

1．過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。可在過(guò)去分詞前加上連詞“when, while, until”等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確。

Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful．

→When it is looked at from adistance, the painting seems much more beautiful．

當(dāng)從遠(yuǎn)處看時(shí)，這幅畫(huà)似乎更美了。

Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting andrewarding．

→When he was asked for his viewsabout his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding．

當(dāng)被問(wèn)到對(duì)教學(xué)工作的看法時(shí)，菲利普說(shuō)他發(fā)現(xiàn)它既有趣又有意義。

2．過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為由since, because或as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，這類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)多放在句子的前半部分。

Worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days．

→Because I was worried about theexam, I was unsettled in these days．

由于擔(dān)心考試，我這幾天感到不安。

3．過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if, once或unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast．

→If they are grown in rich soil, theseseeds can grow fast．

如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。

Given a few minutes, I’ll finish the report．

→If I am given a few minutes, I’llfinish the report．

再給我?guī)追昼姷臅r(shí)間，我就會(huì)完成這個(gè)報(bào)告。

4．過(guò)去分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)以though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties．

→Though he was encouraged by hisparents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties．

盡管受到了父母的鼓勵(lì)，他仍然沒(méi)有信心克服困難。

Invited by him, Iwon’t take part in the party．

→Though I was invited by him, Iwon’t take part in the party．

即使被他邀請(qǐng)，我也不會(huì)參加聚會(huì)。

5．過(guò)去分詞作方式/伴隨狀語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句，但可用并列分句代替。

The patient got off the bed, supportedby the nurse．

→The patient got off the bed, andhe was supported by the nurse．

那個(gè)病人在護(hù)士的攙扶下下了床。

She accepted the gift, deeplymoved．

→She accepted the gift, and shewas deeply moved．

她接受了禮物，深深地被感動(dòng)了。

注意：有些過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)而重在描述主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))常見(jiàn)的有：lost(迷路); seated(坐); hidden(躲); lost/absorbed in(沉溺于); dressed in(穿著); tired of(厭煩)。