2.由于附近金礦生產(chǎn)廢棄物尾礦砂的堆積,孫家村的大溝里十幾年來(lái)就吃掉了近百畝土地,使人均耕地下降到0.03公頃。村里和礦上共同商量,共同開(kāi)發(fā)復(fù)墾,由礦上出錢(qián),村里出勞力、機(jī)械,運(yùn)來(lái)“客土”覆蓋到尾礦填平的溝壑上,形成耕地。十年來(lái),通過(guò)這種方式恢復(fù)耕地15.335公頃,不僅解決了尾礦污染問(wèn)題,而且村里耕地由25公頃多增加到40公頃。【思考】分析以上兩個(gè)例子,哪一個(gè)體現(xiàn)了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則,為什么?【分析】第二個(gè)材料體現(xiàn)了可持續(xù)發(fā)展。因?yàn)椴牧?用農(nóng)田堆放垃圾會(huì)破壞土地肥力,影響農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),又污染環(huán)境,危害村民健康。這種行為目光短淺,只顧眼前利益,沒(méi)有考慮長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展。材料2既解決了尾礦污染問(wèn)題,又增加了耕地面積,耕地是可再生資源,利用得當(dāng),可為村民提供農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,解決溫飽同時(shí)創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,達(dá)到良性循環(huán)。所以說(shuō)保護(hù)環(huán)境就是挽救人類(lèi),我們要將這種意識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為自身行為,使人地關(guān)系走向和諧。
一、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)教學(xué)大綱的要求以及本節(jié)課的地位與作用,結(jié)合高一學(xué)生的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)確定教學(xué)目標(biāo)如下:學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):1、復(fù)習(xí)鞏固對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像及性質(zhì)2、運(yùn)用對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的性質(zhì)比較兩個(gè)數(shù)的大小能力目標(biāo):1、 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用圖形解決問(wèn)題的意識(shí)即數(shù)形結(jié)合能力2、學(xué)生運(yùn)用已學(xué)知識(shí),已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)解決新問(wèn)題的能力3、 探索出方法,有條理闡述自己觀點(diǎn)的能力
2.學(xué)情分析從學(xué)生的認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)看,學(xué)生在初中已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了軸對(duì)稱(chēng)圖形和中心對(duì)稱(chēng)圖形,并且有了一定數(shù)量的簡(jiǎn)單函數(shù)的儲(chǔ)備。同時(shí),剛剛學(xué)習(xí)了函數(shù)單調(diào)性,已經(jīng)積累了研究函數(shù)的基本方法與初步經(jīng)驗(yàn)。從學(xué)生的思維發(fā)展看,高一學(xué)生思維能力正在由形象經(jīng)驗(yàn)型向抽象理論型轉(zhuǎn)變,能夠用假設(shè)、推理來(lái)思考和解決問(wèn)題.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)導(dǎo)致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅(jiān)信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進(jìn)未來(lái)。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類(lèi)的短期和長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間和金錢(qián)來(lái)探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來(lái),年輕人過(guò)度依賴(lài)手機(jī)是不對(duì)的,因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)對(duì)他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學(xué)就“人類(lèi)是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行宇宙探索”這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。有人認(rèn)為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類(lèi)更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來(lái)指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術(shù)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活;也有一些人認(rèn)為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下情況寫(xiě)一篇報(bào)告并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。注意:1.寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以上全部要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
四、說(shuō)教學(xué)過(guò)程:1、導(dǎo)入新課:以視頻形式導(dǎo)入新課,說(shuō)明環(huán)境問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生原因,引出人地關(guān)系的重要性2、新課講授:學(xué)習(xí)主題一:過(guò)去——人地關(guān)系的歷史回顧以動(dòng)畫(huà)形式展現(xiàn)人地關(guān)系思想的發(fā)展,激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)本專(zhuān)題的興趣,歸納人與自然關(guān)系的演變過(guò)程。學(xué)習(xí)主題二:現(xiàn)狀——直面環(huán)境問(wèn)題以人類(lèi)與環(huán)境關(guān)系模式圖說(shuō)明環(huán)境問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因,人地關(guān)系實(shí)質(zhì);以因果聯(lián)系框圖培養(yǎng)學(xué)生判讀方法,了解人口、資源與環(huán)境三者之間的關(guān)系;通過(guò)閱讀課文,了解環(huán)境問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型及其空間差異的表現(xiàn);以圖表了解不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)環(huán)境問(wèn)題在空間軸上的表現(xiàn);以《京都議定書(shū)》為引子說(shuō)明保護(hù)環(huán)境是全人類(lèi)的共同使命學(xué)習(xí)主題三:未來(lái)——可持續(xù)發(fā)展展示“可持續(xù)發(fā)展示意圖”理解可持續(xù)發(fā)展內(nèi)涵、原則
1、班主任要分析班級(jí)學(xué)生的行為和習(xí)慣,制定切實(shí)可行的班級(jí)安全工作規(guī)章制度。 2、針對(duì)當(dāng)前甲型h1n1現(xiàn)狀,積極在班級(jí)宣傳防控措施,張貼相關(guān)知識(shí)明白紙,出防控黑板報(bào),監(jiān)督好值日人員的開(kāi)窗通風(fēng)及消毒工作?! ?、重視安全教育,要經(jīng)常在班內(nèi)回顧總結(jié)安全上存在的隱患,提出引起注意和需改正的要求。
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ),它通常位于系動(dòng)詞后面,用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語(yǔ)的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容, 即主語(yǔ)等同于表語(yǔ), 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)令人激動(dòng)。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂(lè)。Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
環(huán)節(jié)四 課堂小結(jié) 鞏固知識(shí)本節(jié)課我采用線索性的板書(shū),整個(gè)知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然,為了充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生在課堂的主體地位,我將課堂小結(jié)交由學(xué)生完成,請(qǐng)學(xué)生根據(jù)課堂學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容,結(jié)合我的板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)進(jìn)行小結(jié),以此來(lái)幫助教師在第一時(shí)間掌握學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)信息的反饋,同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納分析能力、概括能力。環(huán)節(jié)五 情景回歸,情感升華我的實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)老師告訴過(guò)我們,政治這一門(mén)學(xué)科要從生活中來(lái)到生活去,所以在課堂的最后布置課外作業(yè),以此培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)理論的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力,同時(shí)檢驗(yàn)他們對(duì)知識(shí)的真正掌握情況,以此達(dá)到情感的升華,本節(jié)課,我根據(jù)建構(gòu)主義理論,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的中心,學(xué)生是知識(shí)意義的主動(dòng)建構(gòu)者,是信息加工的主體,要強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的參與性、以及探究性,不僅讓他們懂得知識(shí),更讓他們相信知識(shí),并且將知識(shí)融入到實(shí)踐當(dāng)中去,最終達(dá)到知、情、意、行的統(tǒng)一。
閱讀教材后總結(jié):是萬(wàn)有引力的作用把宇宙中的恒星和行星聚集在一起,組成了太陽(yáng)系、銀河系和其他星系.力的相互作用遍布我們周?chē)囊磺形矬w.除此之外還有電荷間的相互作用、磁體間的相互作用,我們把這種力稱(chēng)為電磁相互作用.【思考與討論】質(zhì)子帶正電,但質(zhì)子(與中子一起)卻能聚集在一起構(gòu)成原子核.你能推測(cè)是什么力的作用結(jié)果嗎?攻略一:閱讀教材53頁(yè),師生共同討論、總結(jié).攻略二:網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索或工具書(shū)查閱“四種基本相互作用”,進(jìn)一步了解概念.結(jié)論:決定物質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和變化過(guò)程的基本的相互作用.近代物理確認(rèn)各種物質(zhì)之間的基本的相互作用可歸結(jié)為四種:引力相互作用、電磁相互作用、弱相互作用和強(qiáng)相互作用.近代物理的觀點(diǎn)傾向于認(rèn)為:四種基本相互作用是統(tǒng)一的,物理學(xué)家們正在為建立大統(tǒng)一理論而努力.但至今也沒(méi)有公認(rèn)的結(jié)論,望同學(xué)們好好學(xué)習(xí),為科學(xué)事業(yè)奉獻(xiàn)自己的聰明和才智.
具體過(guò)程:先用懸掛法確定重心之后,在板上固定一條細(xì)線ab,讓ab穿過(guò)重心c點(diǎn),再在其重心c處拴上細(xì)繩提拉,驗(yàn)證薄板可以水平平衡.如圖3-1-6、3-1-7所示.歸納:物體的重心可在物體之上,也可在物體之外.結(jié)論:規(guī)則均勻的物體重心在其幾何中心;不規(guī)則不均勻的物體重心用懸掛法.例3一個(gè)被吊著的均勻的球殼,其內(nèi)部注滿了水,在球的底部有一帶閥門(mén)的細(xì)出水口.在打開(kāi)閥門(mén)讓水慢慢流出的過(guò)程中,球殼與其中的水的共同重心將會(huì)()A.一直下降B.一直不變C.先下降后上升D.先上升后下降先讓學(xué)生自己回答,估計(jì)很多學(xué)生會(huì)選擇A;教師提示開(kāi)始和最終重心的位置,學(xué)生很快就能得出正確答案.借機(jī)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考問(wèn)題要全面.參考答案:在注滿水時(shí),球殼和水的共同重心在球心,隨著水的流出,球殼的重心不變,但是水的重心下降,二者共同的重心在下降.當(dāng)水流完時(shí),重心又回到球心,故選項(xiàng)C正確.
1.加速度與力的關(guān)系:實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本思路是保持物體的質(zhì)量不變,測(cè)量物體在不同的力的作用下的加速度,分析加速度與力的關(guān)系。有了實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本思路,接下去我們就要準(zhǔn)備實(shí)驗(yàn)器材,以及為記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)而設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)表格。為了更直觀地判斷加速度與力的數(shù)量關(guān)系,我們以 為縱坐標(biāo)、 為橫坐標(biāo)建立坐標(biāo)系,根據(jù)各組數(shù)據(jù)在坐標(biāo)系中描點(diǎn)。如果這些點(diǎn)在一條過(guò)原點(diǎn)的直線上,說(shuō)明 與 成正比,如果不是這樣,則需進(jìn)一步分析。2.加速度與質(zhì)量的關(guān)系:實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本思路是保持物體所受力不變,測(cè)量不同質(zhì)量的物體在該力作用下的加速度,分析加速度與質(zhì)量的關(guān)系。有了實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本思路,接下去我們就要準(zhǔn)備實(shí)驗(yàn)器材,以及為記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)而設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)表格。為了更直觀地判斷加速度與質(zhì)量的數(shù)量關(guān)系,我們以 為縱坐標(biāo)、 為橫坐標(biāo)建立坐標(biāo)系,根據(jù)各組數(shù)據(jù)在坐標(biāo)系中描點(diǎn),根據(jù)擬合的曲線形狀,初步判斷 與 的關(guān)系是反比例函數(shù)。再把 圖像改畫(huà)為 圖像,如果是一條過(guò)原點(diǎn)的斜直線,說(shuō)明自己的猜測(cè)是否正確。
三、制定實(shí)驗(yàn)方案的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:1.怎樣測(cè)量(或比較)物體的加速度:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考、討論并交流。學(xué)生可能會(huì)提出下面的一些方案:方法一:測(cè)出初速度為零的勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體在 時(shí)間內(nèi)的位移 ,則 ;方法二:在運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體上安裝一條打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器的紙帶,根據(jù)紙帶上打出的點(diǎn)來(lái)測(cè)量加速度;方法三:測(cè)出兩個(gè)初速度為零的勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體在相同的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的位移 、 ,則 ;方法四:測(cè)出兩個(gè)初速度為零的勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體在相同的位移內(nèi)所用的時(shí)間 、 ,則 ;2.怎樣提供并測(cè)量物體所受的恒力:教師提出:現(xiàn)實(shí)中,除了在真空中拋出或落下的物體(僅受重力)外,僅受一個(gè)力的物體幾乎是不存在的。然而,一個(gè)單獨(dú)的力作用效果與跟它大小、方向都相同的合力的作用效果是相同的,因此,實(shí)驗(yàn)中力 的含義指物體所受的合力。以在水平軌道上用繩牽引小車(chē)加速運(yùn)動(dòng)為例,小車(chē)受到四個(gè)力的作用,即重力、支持力、繩的拉力和軌道對(duì)小車(chē)的摩擦力(當(dāng)物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度比較小時(shí),我們可以忽略空氣的阻力)。
(六)說(shuō)教學(xué)策略1.專(zhuān)題性海量的媒介信息必須加以選擇或者整合,以項(xiàng)目為依據(jù),進(jìn)行信息篩選,形成專(zhuān)題性閱讀與交流;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)文本信息“化零為整”的能力,提升跨媒介閱讀與交流學(xué)習(xí)的充實(shí)感。2.情境化情境教學(xué)應(yīng)指向?qū)W生的應(yīng)用,建構(gòu)富有符合時(shí)代氣息的內(nèi)容,與生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)更加貼合,對(duì)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言建構(gòu)與運(yùn)用有所提升,在情境中能夠有效地進(jìn)行交流。3.任務(wù)化以任務(wù)為導(dǎo)向的序列化學(xué)習(xí),可以為學(xué)生構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)路線圖、學(xué)習(xí)框架等具體任務(wù)引導(dǎo);或以跨媒介的認(rèn)識(shí)與應(yīng)用為任務(wù)的設(shè)置引導(dǎo);甚至以閱讀和交流作為序列化安排的實(shí)踐引導(dǎo)。4.整合性跨媒介閱讀與交流是結(jié)合線上線下的資源,形成新的“超媒介”,也能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)信息進(jìn)行“深加工”,多種媒介的信息整合只為一個(gè)核心教學(xué)內(nèi)容服務(wù)。5.互文性語(yǔ)言文字是語(yǔ)文之生命,我們是立足于語(yǔ)言文字的探討,音樂(lè)、圖像、視頻等文本與傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)言文字文本形成互文,觸發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容立體化和具體化的感悟,提升學(xué)生的審美能力。