三.分析第三部分:1.夫妻贈(zèng)詩(shī)表現(xiàn)了二人怎樣的心情?提示:崔鶯鶯告誡張生切勿忘記她;張生則發(fā)誓永無(wú)別戀。這充分展示了二人深厚的情誼。2.怎樣理解[耍孩兒]中的典故?提示:“紅淚”借王嘉《拾遺記》的典故,司馬青衫借白居易《琵琶行》的典故,表現(xiàn)主人公因離別而生的傷心之情?!安畡陲w去燕西歸”則用牛郎織女的典故表現(xiàn)兩人纏綿難舍的心情。3.[五煞]表明了主人公怎樣的心情?提示:對(duì)張生的生活的關(guān)心,千叮萬(wàn)囑,真情自現(xiàn)。4.[二煞]中所用是幾個(gè)典故?這些典故的作用是什么?提示:三個(gè)典故,見課本。其作用是表明崔鶯鶯對(duì)張生的擔(dān)心。四.分析第四部分:1.[一煞]中再寫環(huán)境,其作用是否與先前所寫相同?提示:稍有不同,這里是表現(xiàn)崔鶯鶯目送張生遠(yuǎn)去時(shí)那種凄愴悲苦的眷戀之情。以所見之物,寫內(nèi)心深藏之情。2.[收尾]中寫‘殘照’其含義是什么?提示:以“殘照”表現(xiàn)內(nèi)心的悵惘失意之情。
六、到此為止,我們了解到,作者對(duì)“笑”鯤鵬和別人的蜩與學(xué)鳩、斥鴳、宋榮子都一一作了否定。那么請(qǐng)大家討論一下,1、作者對(duì)鯤鵬和“知效一官,行比一鄉(xiāng),德合一君,而征一國(guó)者”是不是肯定呢?明確:也都作了否定。否定后者好理解,關(guān)鍵是否定前者不好理解,因?yàn)椤蚌H鵬展翅”早已作為積極的意象被人們廣泛引用。但在本文中,作者在講述這一寓言故事時(shí),突出的不是鯤鵬本身,而是風(fēng)力,“故九萬(wàn)里,風(fēng)斯在下矣,而后乃今培風(fēng);背負(fù)青天,而莫之夭閼者,而后乃今將圖南”。對(duì)風(fēng)力作用的突出,實(shí)際上就是對(duì)鯤鵬的否定。作者寫了“笑”的雙方,對(duì)“笑”的一方蜩與學(xué)鳩、斥鴳、宋榮子都作了否定,對(duì)被“笑”的一方鯤鵬和“知效一官,行比一鄉(xiāng),德合一君,而征一國(guó)者”也都作了否定,并且對(duì)順便提及的野馬、塵埃、芥、大舟、朝菌、蟪蛄、冥靈、大椿、彭祖、列子等事物或者人物也都作了否定。這種全盤否定的態(tài)度,如果我們借用本文中的一個(gè)形象的詞語(yǔ),可以說(shuō)是:笑!是的,本文也可以說(shuō)是:莊子“笑”萬(wàn)物!
二、課堂教學(xué):1、學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)介背景:教師掌握:漢武帝開始對(duì)匈奴進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期的討伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),其中取得了三次具有決定意義的勝利,時(shí)間為公元前127年、前121年、前119年。匈奴的威勢(shì)大大削弱之后,表示愿意與漢講和,但雙方矛盾還是根深蒂固。所以,到公元前100年,蘇武出使匈奴時(shí),卻被扣留,并迫使他投降?!短K武傳》集中敘寫了蘇武出使匈奴被扣留期間的事跡,熱烈頌揚(yáng)了他在敵人面前富貴不能淫,貧賤不能移,威武不能屈,饑寒壓不倒,私情無(wú)所動(dòng)的浩然正氣,充分肯定了他堅(jiān)毅忠貞,大義凜然,視死如歸的民族氣節(jié)。2、作者介紹:班固(32——92年),字孟堅(jiān),扶風(fēng)安陵(今陜西咸陽(yáng)市東)人。東漢著名的史學(xué)家?!逗鬂h書·班固傳》稱他“年九歲,能屬文,誦詩(shī)賦。及長(zhǎng),遂博貫載籍,九流百家之言,無(wú)不窮究。所學(xué)無(wú)常師,不為章句,舉大義而已”。其父班彪曾續(xù)司馬遷《史記》作《史記后傳》,未成而故。
(一)上片:描寫杭州的自然風(fēng)光和都市的繁華“東南形勝,三吳都會(huì),錢塘自古繁華”,“東南形勝”,是從地理?xiàng)l件、自然條件著筆寫的。杭州地處東南,地理位置很重要,風(fēng)景很優(yōu)美,故曰:“形勝”?!叭齾嵌紩?huì)”,是從社會(huì)條件著筆寫的。它是三吳地區(qū)的重要都市,那里人眾薈萃,財(cái)貨聚集,故曰:“都會(huì)”?!板X塘自古繁華”,這一句是對(duì)前兩句的總結(jié),因?yàn)楹贾菥哂羞@些特殊條件,所以“自古繁華”。下面就對(duì)“形勝”、“都會(huì)”和“自古繁華”進(jìn)行鋪敘?!盁熈嫎?,風(fēng)簾翠幕,參差十萬(wàn)人家”是對(duì)“三吳都會(huì)”的展開描寫?!霸茦淅@堤沙。怒濤卷霜雪,天塹無(wú)涯”是對(duì)“東南形勝”的展開描寫。這里選擇了錢塘江岸和江潮兩種景物來(lái)寫?!笆辛兄榄^,戶盈羅綺,競(jìng)豪奢”是對(duì)“錢塘自古繁華”的展開描寫。描寫了兩個(gè)方面:一是商業(yè)貿(mào)易情況——“市列珠璣”,只用市場(chǎng)上的珍寶,代表了商業(yè)的豐富、商業(yè)的繁榮;二是衣著情況——“戶盈羅綺”,家家披羅著錦。“競(jìng)豪奢”,又總括杭州的種種繁華景象。
一、作者簡(jiǎn)介:威廉·莎士比亞(1564~1616),英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期偉大的戲劇家和詩(shī)人。(人文主義:歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)反封建的社會(huì)思潮。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)人道主義的最初形式。它肯定人性和人的價(jià)值,要求享受人世的歡樂(lè),要求人的個(gè)性解放和自由平等,推崇人的感性經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理性思維。)一生共寫有37部戲劇,154首14行詩(shī),兩首長(zhǎng)詩(shī)和許多其他詩(shī)歌。主要代表作有早期的歷史劇、喜劇———《亨利四世》、《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》、《威尼斯商人》和《羅密歐與朱麗葉》等;中期的悲劇———《哈姆萊特》、《奧瑟羅》、《李爾王》和《麥克白》等;后期的傳奇劇———《暴風(fēng)雨》等。二、莎士比亞創(chuàng)作《哈姆萊特》的社會(huì)背景:莎士比亞是歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期英國(guó)偉大的戲劇家和詩(shī)人。他生活在歐洲歷史上封建制度日趨沒(méi)落、資本主義興起的交替時(shí)代。哈姆萊特是丹麥古代的王子。莎士比亞故意以超越時(shí)代的誤差將哈姆萊特搬到伊麗莎白統(tǒng)治未年的英國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)中來(lái)。
9、在樂(lè)曲終了之后,詩(shī)人以“東船西舫悄無(wú)言,唯見江心秋月白”兩句結(jié)尾,這兩句作用如何?明確:詩(shī)人沒(méi)有直接寫聽者的熱烈反響以說(shuō)明琵琶女技藝非凡和樂(lè)聲的感人至深,否則過(guò)于直白就不含蓄,不含蓄也就顯不出深沉了。用“東船西舫悄無(wú)言”的寂靜無(wú)聲,反襯“有聲”的音樂(lè)效果,可謂“此時(shí)無(wú)聲勝有聲”了。人們無(wú)聲地沉浸、陶醉在藝術(shù)的享受之中,那深深打動(dòng)人的樂(lè)聲仿佛繚繞迂回耳際,不由得使詩(shī)人想到了自己浩茫的心事,引起情緒上的波瀾。在這片刻的沉寂中,只見一輪迷蒙的冷月蕩漾在江心的微波之中,它提醒詩(shī)人從樂(lè)聲中回到現(xiàn)實(shí)中來(lái)。這句景物描寫點(diǎn)染烘托了濃重的氛圍,與復(fù)雜的樂(lè)聲融為一體,共同表現(xiàn)了琵琶女與詩(shī)人息息相通的復(fù)雜情感,是那么的憂憤、哀怨凄楚、蒼涼,給整個(gè)音樂(lè)形象補(bǔ)足了畫龍點(diǎn)睛之筆。
采用明段意分段法:先逐段概括段意,然后用合并同類項(xiàng)法把相關(guān)聯(lián)緊縮密的自然段合在一起。全文五個(gè)自然段中,二、三、四自然段講的都是張衡取得的科學(xué)成就,自然應(yīng)合為一大段。這樣,就理清了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。全文可分為三個(gè)部分:(1)寫張衡的品格和文才①(2)寫張衡在科學(xué)技術(shù)上取得的成就(②③④)(3)寫張衡的政治才干(⑤)第二部分是文章的重點(diǎn),又可分為兩層:一是仕途情況,以及制作渾天儀和著《靈憲》、《算圖論》的情況;一是專門介紹候風(fēng)地支儀。顯然,后者又是第二部分的重點(diǎn)。作者這樣處理文章的詳略安排。無(wú)疑是非常正確的,因?yàn)閺埡庖簧卸喾矫娴牟拍芎统删?,而他在科技方面的才能和?chuàng)造發(fā)明最為突出,理應(yīng)成為本文記敘的重點(diǎn)。四、小結(jié)1.了解全文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu),掌握明段意分段法。2.了解文章的詳略安排。五、作業(yè)
2.【提問(wèn)】《醉花陰》反映的是早年丈夫趙明誠(chéng)游宦在外,作者一個(gè)人留在家中的生活狀況和內(nèi)心感受。對(duì)于這樣的“閨怨”題材,應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣評(píng)價(jià)呢?【明確】作者作為一個(gè)封建時(shí)代的婦女,能夠坦率地表達(dá)出自己對(duì)于丈夫深深的思戀之情,描寫了閨中生活的孤獨(dú)寂寞,這在當(dāng)時(shí)乃是一種很大膽的行為。所以,有人批評(píng)說(shuō):李清照作詞是“無(wú)顧忌”地“肆意落筆”。其實(shí),感情的充沛、真摯,敢于正面地展露自己的行為和內(nèi)心世界,正是她創(chuàng)作成功的重要原因之一,也正是她的詞最值得珍視的地方。3.【提問(wèn)】古人常常愛用花比喻人之美貌,如“芙蓉如面柳如眉”,“人面桃花相映紅”等,而李清照卻說(shuō)“人比黃花瘦”,這樣的比喻有什么豐富的內(nèi)涵?【明確】黃色的菊花不止外形上雅淡、清秀,與作者因相思而消瘦的體態(tài)相近,而且在菊花品格的傳統(tǒng)象征意義上,也酷似作者清高、淡泊的精神,這樣的比喻正比較恰切地反映了當(dāng)時(shí)作者由于離開丈夫而孤獨(dú)、愁悶的生活狀態(tài)和內(nèi)心情感。
材料四:印度提倡“只生一個(gè)好”——鼓勵(lì)三人小家庭 生男生女都一樣材料五:印度尼西亞《人口發(fā)展與幸福家庭法》材料六:我國(guó)基本國(guó)策 計(jì)劃生育(小結(jié))通過(guò)對(duì)以上材料的分析我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論,不同的國(guó)家應(yīng)該采取不同的人口政策,對(duì)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)人口增長(zhǎng)緩慢,應(yīng)采取鼓勵(lì)生育,吸引移民的措施;發(fā)展中國(guó)家人口增長(zhǎng)較快,實(shí)行控制人口的政策已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。不論是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是發(fā)展中國(guó)家共同的目標(biāo)就是實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境人口和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展?!菊n堂小結(jié)】這節(jié)課我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了人口的自然增長(zhǎng),影響人口自然增長(zhǎng)的因素有哪些?(人口的自然增長(zhǎng)率和人口的基數(shù))世界人口的數(shù)量在不同的歷史時(shí)期表現(xiàn)出不同的特征,同一歷史時(shí)期的不同地區(qū),人口數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)又有不同的特點(diǎn)。面對(duì)不同的人口形勢(shì),各國(guó)應(yīng)采取不同的人口政策。
【總結(jié)講解】地球?yàn)樯镔|(zhì)的存在提供了三個(gè)最優(yōu)越的條件,這也是其它行星不具備的條件——(1)日地距離適中(1.496億km),使地表平均氣溫為15℃,有利于生命過(guò)程的發(fā)生和發(fā)展;地球上的溫度,還有利于水的液態(tài)存在。適合生物呼吸的大氣: (2) 地球的體積、質(zhì)量適中,吸引大量氣體聚集在地球周圍,又經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的演化,形成了以氮、氧為主的適合生物呼吸的大氣。(3)海洋的形成: 由于地球內(nèi)部放射性元素衰變致熱和原始地球重力收縮及地球內(nèi)部的物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)等形成了原始大洋,地球最初的單細(xì)胞生命就出現(xiàn)在大洋中。(備注:此部分可以模擬演示或講解地球存在生命的溫度、大氣、水等條件;假設(shè)地球溫度過(guò)高或過(guò)低對(duì)地球生命的影響;引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析地球大氣、溫度與地球水的關(guān)系)【板書】1、日地距離適中2、地球的體積、質(zhì)量適中3、液態(tài)水的存在【啟發(fā)提問(wèn)】 宇宙中是否只有地球上存在有生命物質(zhì)?
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)導(dǎo)致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅(jiān)信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進(jìn)未來(lái)。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間和金錢來(lái)探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來(lái),年輕人過(guò)度依賴手機(jī)是不對(duì)的,因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)對(duì)他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學(xué)就“人類是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行宇宙探索”這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。有人認(rèn)為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來(lái)指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術(shù)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活;也有一些人認(rèn)為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報(bào)告并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。注意:1.寫作內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以上全部要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
1. Do some exercise on the paper. There are four kinds of exercise here. The exercise 1 is to develop Ss’ ability of listening. Exercise 2 is to practice Ss’ ability of knowing the words. Exercise 3 is to develop Ss’ ability of speaking numbers and letters. Exercise 4 is to make Ss know the words and letters well. These exercises can consolidate the new knowledge from different styles of problems.2. Then tell Ss that we can sing the numbers like “ Do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do” and let them listen to a song named “Do, Re, Mi”. Add some extra knowledge so that Ss will be glad to see that the numbers can be used in another way.Step 4 Homework1.Read the numbers from 1 to 7 and 7 to 1 five times.2.Read the letters “u, v, w” five times follow the tape.Reading is a useful way for the Ss of Grade One to practice the knowledge. Ask Ss to imitate reading from the tape in order to make Ss have a good habit of listening and let them have a better pronunciation.Step 5 Board writingI ‘ll put the seven numbers like a scale(音階)as I’ll let Ss know that we can sing out the numbers. When it comes to listen to the song, I ‘ll draw a musical note on Bb. Unit 9 Happy birthday!sevensixfivefourthree U u V v W wtwo pupil five windowoneThat’s all for my class designing. Thank you for listening!
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
生:環(huán)境承載力是指環(huán)境能持續(xù)供養(yǎng)的人口數(shù)量。師:對(duì)了。但是有同學(xué)仍然會(huì)感到這是一個(gè)很抽象的概念。下面我們具體來(lái)了解什么是環(huán)境承載力。我們可以從兩個(gè)部分去理解:一、環(huán)境,它主要是指環(huán)境的單個(gè)要素(如:土地、水、氣候、植被等。)及其組合方式。二、是承載力,它指在特定的條件下,具體某事物能承受的某種活動(dòng)的最大值。那環(huán)境承載力的科學(xué)定義是怎樣表達(dá)的呢?生:環(huán)境承載力是指某一時(shí)期,某種狀態(tài)條件下,某地區(qū)環(huán)境所能承受的人類活動(dòng)作用的閾值。師:很對(duì)。 我們可以用一個(gè)生動(dòng)的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明。一只木桶里面的水的多少在底面積固定不變的情況下是由哪塊木板來(lái)決定?生:最短的那塊。師:確實(shí)如此。這就是我們平常所講的 “木桶效應(yīng)”。那影響環(huán)境承載力的大小也是由環(huán)境個(gè)要素里面最緊缺的那個(gè)要素來(lái)決定的。下面我們用一個(gè)例子來(lái)印證一下。
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