(1)1945.10.24日,《聯(lián)合國憲章》生效,聯(lián)合國正式成立。主要機構(gòu)有:聯(lián)合國大會、安全理事會、經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會理事會、托管理事會、國際法院、秘書處等。(2)聯(lián)合國的宗旨:維護(hù)國際和平與安全;發(fā)展國際間以尊重人民平等權(quán)利及自決原則為基礎(chǔ)的友好關(guān)系;促進(jìn)國際合作,以解決國際間屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化及人類福利性質(zhì)的國際問題;作為協(xié)調(diào)各國活動的中心。簡單地說,就是維護(hù)國際和平與安全,促進(jìn)國際合作與發(fā)展。(3)聯(lián)合國的原則:各會員國主權(quán)平等,履行憲章規(guī)定的義務(wù),以和平方式解決國際爭端,不得對其他國家進(jìn)行武力威脅或使用武力,集體協(xié)作,不干涉任何國家的內(nèi)政,確保非會員國遵守上述原則。(4)聯(lián)合國的作用:聯(lián)合國在維護(hù)世界和平與安全,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會的發(fā)展,以及實行人道主義援助等方面發(fā)揮著積極作用。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.” Due to the continuous deterioration of the living environment, a large number of wild animals are always facing the threat of endangered or extinction. Listening and speaking period enables students to understand the fact and reason why wild species are disappearing from the earth at an amazing speed, and realize that human beings ought to enhance the awareness of protecting wild species as soon as possible.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of " how to help wildlife in Ss’ neighborhood.". Now there are many volunteers who spontaneously protect wild animals, carry out various activities according to local conditions, and contribute their own strength to local animal protection with practical actions. Middle school students are also enthusiastic participants. They organize activities in their spare time, and take this opportunity to make friends, broaden their horizons, cultivate team spirit and communication skills. This section describes a bird watching activity organized by several middle school students of Bird watching Club. It aims to stimulate students' interest, improve their understanding of bird watching activities, and use the language structure of “being used for; in order to, so as to, to, so that, in order that ” to express the purpose for communication and discussion.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of using visuals to predict content.2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I am concerned about…” “what do you know about the endangered animals in…" and so on to talk about one of the endangered animals.
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.
2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動動作(該動作在說話的瞬間未必正在進(jìn)行)。Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.(說話時,并不一定正在進(jìn)行)3.表示一種經(jīng)常性的被動行為,常和always,constantly 等表示頻度的副詞連用,這種用法常常帶有贊揚或厭惡的感情色彩。He is always being praised by the leader.4.表示按計劃或安排主語將要承受謂語動詞所表示的動作(僅限于少數(shù)及物動詞)。A party is being held tonight.Step 4 Special cases1.像take care of, look after, talk about, think of等動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)時, 其中的介詞不可省略。The ways to stop illegally hunting are being talked about. 2.可與部分情態(tài)動詞連用,表示對正在發(fā)生的事情的推測。She may be being punished by her mother.3.有時可表示按計劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的一個被動動作。A celebration is being held this weekend for his success.4.某些表示“狀態(tài)、心理活動、存在”等的動詞,如have,want,need,love,一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài),而常用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。With the population increasing,more land is needed.5.“be+under/in+n.”可表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動意義。My computer is under repair.=My computer is being repaired.
The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted
This lesson is about wildlife protection. The listening and speaking is about “How to protect endangered wildlife ?” Faced with the facts and numbers of wildlife loss, people begin to detect the reasons, then people such as the celebrities (Prince William and Yao Ming) are calling on to protect them. So students are guided to enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife and try to take part in some volunteer activities of protecting wildlife.1. Predict the content by using visuals. 2. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?3. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.5. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.1. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.2. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.3. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?4. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.Part A Listening and Speaking--- How to save endangered wildlifeStep 1 Lead in1. Point at the pictures on P14 and ask Q1: What message do these posters share?
The theme of this unit is human and nature, focusing on the theme of wildlife protection. Nature is a complex ecosystem, in which there are delicate balance between animals and plants. Because of the role of the food chain, the extinction of one species will produce influence, causing a series of chain reaction. Large scale extinction of species will have a serious and even irreversible impact on the ecosystem, resulting in immeasurable losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect wild species. To protect wild species is to protect human beings themselves. The motto of this unit is "when the buying stops, the killing can too,” which is a public service advertising slogan to protect wildlife. It tells people that every rhinoceros horn, every fur, every bowl of shark fin soup, every Ivory product, and every tiger bone product, etc. consumed by human beings, are innocent wild animals slaughtered behind them. The mission of wild aid is to ban illegal trade in endangered wildlife and mitigate climate change. It aims to educate the public to reduce the consumption demand for endangered wildlife products through public publicity and improve the awareness of environmental protection.1. Improve the awareness of wildlife protection by acquiring the knowledge of wildlife protection.2. Focus on environmental protection and protection of all lives.3. Analysis of the living environment of wild animals with appropriate thinking mode.4. Skillfully use the vocabulary and grammar knowledge of this unit to cultivate self-study ability according to the unit content5. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion and other ways1. Enable the Ss to talk about the current situation of wild animals.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.
The activity topic of this section is "report an ongoing event", and the structure is the passive voice of present continuous tense. Rare wild animals are suffering from large-scale poaching, and species are on the brink of danger. Rescue operations are underway. "Being" and "suffering" are the meanings of the present progressive passive voice.The usage of present progressive passive voice is of great importance in writing a good discourse and appreciating some difficult language items, so it is vital to master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Motivate Ss to deepen the understanding of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a fixed context.2. Enable Ss to master the usage of present progressive passive voice and use it flexibly in a context.3. Lead Ss to construct sentences or appreciate sentences used master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper usage of present progressive passive voice.Look at the picture and tell me what are workers doing? What is the house being done?
1. 標(biāo)題首先根據(jù)海報的特點、格式寫明標(biāo)題。海報中往往把內(nèi)容作為大標(biāo)題。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海報其正文部分的側(cè)重點不同。對于介紹性的海報, 首先要引出話題, 其次列出原因, 最后是總結(jié)。對于宣傳類的海報, 要寫明具體內(nèi)容, 如: 活動內(nèi)容, 地點以及參加活動的注意事項, 主持或舉辦單位等。1. 圖片: 要選擇引人注目的圖片, 與主題要相關(guān), 色彩明亮。話題句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我國的國寶。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上僅現(xiàn)存幾千只熊貓。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因為人類的活動, 老虎處于瀕危的狀態(tài)。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生動物面臨著滅絕的危險。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施來保護(hù)它們。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人們應(yīng)該提高保護(hù)野生動物的意識。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃驚, 目前中國僅有不足1 000只江豚。
交談時雙方的空間距離也有一定講究。和朋友談話、和陌生人談話、和異性談話、招呼長者和上級,都需要有一個合適的距離。如果上級故意“縮減”與下級人員通常談話時的距離,那是表示對下級的關(guān)切。說話的時候需要一面想,一面說,為了控制說話的主動權(quán),免得被別人插人、打斷,人們可以使用“唔”“啊”之類的音節(jié),表示“話還沒有說完,你別著急”之類的意思。空白也表示意思,在說唱藝術(shù)中,什么時候停頓,停多久,都有講究,以便使交際更有成效。這就是說,空間和時間的因素也在交際中得到了適當(dāng)?shù)倪\用。所以,各種伴隨動作也是交際的工具。它們一般都是在語言的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的。即使像“察顏觀色”這一類特定的交際方式,也必須有語言的交際為基礎(chǔ),預(yù)先有了一定的了解,對方才能領(lǐng)會。總之,在上述的種種交際工具當(dāng)中,身勢等伴隨動作是非語言的交際工具;旗語之類是建立在語言、文字基礎(chǔ)之上的輔助性交際工具;文字是建立在語言基礎(chǔ)之上的一種最重要的輔助交際工具;
(“節(jié)馬”:1841年1月7日,英國侵略者義律進(jìn)攻虎門,沙田炮臺副將陳連升率眾浴血奮戰(zhàn),壯烈犧牲。其馬“神駿”守護(hù)主人遺體,不屈敵之羈絆,不食敵之草料,不畏敵之鞭打刀刺,終不就范。“祖逖鞭”:祖逖,東晉名將,著名愛國將領(lǐng),曾率軍北伐,收復(fù)許多失地。此句大意為若要揚眉吐氣,意氣風(fēng)發(fā),仍需祖逖的這種精神。)八、本文反映的就是香港回歸這一重大歷史事件本文是一篇新聞特寫。特寫性消息,也稱新聞速寫、新聞素描,要求用類似電影“特寫鏡頭”的手法來反映事實,是作者深入新聞事件現(xiàn)場,采寫制作的一種新聞價值高、現(xiàn)場感較強、篇幅短小精粹的消息文體。特寫性消息側(cè)重于“再現(xiàn)”,往往采用文學(xué)手法,集中、突出地描述某一重大事件的發(fā)生現(xiàn)場,或某些重要和精彩的場面,生動、形象地將所報道的事實再現(xiàn)在讀者面前。
四、講讀第一段(10分鐘)1.抽生朗讀本段,注意生字詞讀音。2.講析本段譯釋由學(xué)生完成,師只作扼要補糾和簡要分析。分析內(nèi)容包括伏筆手法和語句深意,全段作用。3.讓學(xué)生齊讀全段。4.處理練習(xí)一之中的第1小題,要求學(xué)生試譯回答,然后指導(dǎo)學(xué)生背誦本段。五、講讀第二段(15分鐘)1.抽生朗讀本段,注意生字詞讀音。2.講析本段①重點講析三個文言詞“若”、“之”、“辭”的用法和人物對話。②字詞句的理解仍然注意發(fā)揮學(xué)生的能動性,讓他們完成為主,師糾補為輔。對要求掌握的三個文言詞的用法要板書列于黑板上,對話部分要讓學(xué)生試作語氣練習(xí)。③小結(jié)的內(nèi)容包括情節(jié)的曲折性、寫法的詳略和表達(dá)的特點。3.生齊讀本段,然后處理相關(guān)練習(xí)。
最后,公司要城信經(jīng)營,樹立良好的信譽與企業(yè)形象。教師活動:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀教材P44“金華火腿”的事例;多媒體播放電視系列片3:“小天鵝”重視產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的例子,國家對洗衣機的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是4000次運行無故障,而國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是5000次,為此,廠里組織近百名科技人員,花了兩年時間進(jìn)行全廠性技術(shù)攻關(guān),終于實現(xiàn)了無故障運行5000次?!靶√禊Z”以它的信譽和質(zhì)量給企業(yè)帶來了巨大效益,1000多人的廠子,年銷售收入10.03億元,實現(xiàn)利潤1.72億元,公司躋身于全國500家大型企業(yè)的行列,企業(yè)綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益居全國18位。設(shè)問:兩個企業(yè)不同命運的原因何在?學(xué)生活動:思考討論,發(fā)表見解。教師點評:企業(yè)的信譽和形象對企業(yè)的生存競爭至關(guān)重要,是企業(yè)的無形資產(chǎn),是公司經(jīng)營成敗的重要因素。企業(yè)的信譽和形象集中體現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的質(zhì)量上。創(chuàng)立名牌產(chǎn)品,實行優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù),是企業(yè)信譽和形象的表現(xiàn),也是企業(yè)開展正當(dāng)競爭的主要手段。
教師總結(jié):社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)是使市場在國家宏觀調(diào)控下起基礎(chǔ)性配置作用的經(jīng)濟(jì),充分發(fā)揮市場基礎(chǔ)性調(diào)節(jié)作用,就必須主要靠經(jīng)濟(jì)手段、法律手段,而不是行政手段。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評這節(jié)課我們重點學(xué)習(xí)了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的有關(guān)知識,知道了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本特征,以及國家宏觀調(diào)控的含義、目標(biāo)和主要手段。這對于我們在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中正確地認(rèn)識我國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的性質(zhì)和作用,理解國家宏觀調(diào)控的措施及意義,增強社會主義優(yōu)越感和民族自強意識,自覺投身現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)等將有重大指導(dǎo)作用。★課余作業(yè) 討論:聯(lián)系經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中國家宏觀調(diào)控的實例,討論應(yīng)如何認(rèn)識和理解國家各種宏觀調(diào)控手段的綜合運用,對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的意義?!锝虒W(xué)體會 本節(jié)內(nèi)容與學(xué)生生活實際聯(lián)系密切,在學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)該多引入日常生產(chǎn)、生活中常見的一些宏觀調(diào)控實例,讓學(xué)生去深刻理解、把握宏觀調(diào)控手段及其作用。
教師總結(jié):近二十多年來,我國個人所得稅的征收發(fā)展迅速,這也反映了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、人民生活收入有了較大提高。與增值稅的計稅方法不同,個人所得稅采用累進(jìn)稅率的計稅辦法,就是個人所得越高,稅率越高,納稅人個人收入越多,繳納個人所得稅越多。這一特點從教材83頁個人所得稅稅率表上可以看出。教師點撥:個人所得稅的計算辦法是分段計算的,個人收入800元以內(nèi)不計稅,多余800元以上部分,按不同稅率分段計稅。請同學(xué)們計算教材所列題目。學(xué)生活動:計算。應(yīng)稅所得額:4000元;不超過500元部分:25元;500――2000元部分:150元;2000――4000元部分:300元;累計所得稅:475元教師活動:同學(xué)們想一想,這樣計算個人所得稅有什么意義呢?學(xué)生活動:認(rèn)真思考,回答問題教師點撥:有利于增加財政收入,有利于調(diào)節(jié)個人收入分配,實現(xiàn)社會公平。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評
5. Read to get detailed information about Paragraph 5.Q1. What shows the revival of Tangshan?Q2. How can Tangshan revive itself and get up on its feet again?Q3. In times of disasters, how can we go through it?T: In times of disasters, we should unify, show the wisdom and stay positive.Step 4 Activity 4 Highlighting the theme and reflecting1. Make a summary of the text.2. Further understand the titleQ: After our learning, why do you think the earth didn’t sleep on that night?T: An earthquake happened. The people in the earthquake suffered a lot, and the people outside Tangshan were concerned about the people there a lot.3. Reflect through discussion on what can be learnt after reading.T: Disasters are powerful. Unpreparedness can be deadly. Life is weak, but if people work together to help each other, disasters can be defeated.There is no love from disaster, but we have love in the human heart.Step 5 Assignment How does the writer convey that the earthquake was deadly, and that people were helpless during the earthquake? Try to find some attractive and impressive expressions and note them down.
知識和技能 ⑴從圖片和簡易圖中,了解氣團(tuán)(冷氣團(tuán)、暖氣團(tuán))的概念;鋒的概念與分類;低壓(氣旋)、高壓(反氣旋)、高壓脊、低壓槽的概念。⑵從氣溫、氣壓、濕度、降水、風(fēng)等幾方面分析各種天氣系統(tǒng)的形成及其氣流特點,并綜合出各種天氣系統(tǒng)控制下的天氣狀況過程與方法 ⑴讓學(xué)生能閱讀和簡單分析天氣圖,解釋天氣變化現(xiàn)象;⑵用案例說明氣象災(zāi)害發(fā)生的原因和危害;⑶結(jié)合我國常見的天氣系統(tǒng)說明其對人們生產(chǎn)和生活的影響情感、態(tài)度與價值觀激發(fā)學(xué)生探究天氣的形成和變化的興趣和動機,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生求真、求實的科學(xué)態(tài)度,提高地理審美情趣教學(xué)重點1.鋒面系統(tǒng)。(鋒面系統(tǒng):一是要區(qū)別冷暖鋒的成因,二是要掌握鋒面兩側(cè)的氣壓、溫度、濕度、風(fēng)和天氣差異)2.低壓、高壓系統(tǒng)。(要掌握其成因、氣壓特征、氣流特征及其天氣特點四個方面。)
科學(xué)家預(yù)測,就地區(qū)而言,位于低緯度的大部分國家,農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量將減少;而位于高緯度的國家,農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量有可能增加。由于不少發(fā)展中國家位于低緯度地區(qū),因此,氣候變化的這種區(qū)域差異性,可能會使發(fā)展中國家所面臨的問題更為嚴(yán)峻。板書:3全球變暖將加劇水資源的不穩(wěn)定性與供需矛盾。介紹:全球變暖會影響整個水循環(huán)過程,可能使蒸發(fā)加大,改變區(qū)域降水量和降水分布格局,增加降水極端異常事件的發(fā)生,導(dǎo)致洪澇、干旱災(zāi)害的頻次和強度增加,以及地表徑流發(fā)生變化。隨著徑流減少,蒸發(fā)增強,全球變暖將加劇水資源的不穩(wěn)定性與供需矛盾。轉(zhuǎn)折:既然全球變暖會引起很多不利影響,那么作為人類應(yīng)如何面對這一挑戰(zhàn)呢?這就是我們要討論的第三個問題。板書:三、氣候變化的適應(yīng)對策討論:請大家閱讀結(jié)合教材P53氣候變化的適應(yīng)對策部分討論人類應(yīng)如何面對全球變暖這一問題 呢?
知識和技能 1、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生繪制氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶分布示意圖,從中分析大氣運動的規(guī)律性,并培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生繪制原理形成示意圖的地理技能。2、運用海陸熱力差異原理進(jìn)行解釋,加強學(xué) 生對半球冬夏季氣壓中心的形成和分布的理解解。3、使學(xué)生理解氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶對氣候的影響。過程與方法 1、通過三圈環(huán)流模擬演示,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的空間思維能力。2、通過對海陸分布對大氣環(huán)流影響的兩圖示的對比分析,讓學(xué)生讀圖思考?xì)鈮簬АL(fēng)帶的分布規(guī)律和原因。3、利用成因分析法引導(dǎo)學(xué)生探究氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶對氣候的影響機制。情感、態(tài)度與價值觀1、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生辯證唯物主義觀。2、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生理論聯(lián)系實際的能力。教學(xué)重點1、氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶的分布。2、北半球氣壓中心冬夏分布及對氣候的影響。3、氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶對氣候的影響。
劉邦:先看劉邦對項伯的表白(此話也是有意讓項伯轉(zhuǎn)述給項羽聽的):“秋毫不敢有所近”——說“不敢”而不說“不曾”,多么恭順!“籍吏民,封府庫,而待將軍”——“待”,多么虔誠!“日夜望將軍至”——說“望”而不說“等”,多么迫切!再看劉邦的卑詞“謝罪”:他言必稱“將軍”,說自己與項羽“戮力而攻秦”,是戰(zhàn)友而非敵人;將“先入關(guān)破秦”說成是不自意,以表自己的力量不如項羽;把“得復(fù)見將軍于此”當(dāng)作是自己莫大的榮幸以滿足項羽的虛榮心;最后,他還把項羽的憤怒歸咎于“小人”的挑撥,為項羽推卸責(zé)任,及時給項羽一個臺階下。小結(jié):項羽:沽名釣譽、輕敵自大、寡謀輕信、不善用人、剛愎自用、優(yōu)柔寡斷的一介武夫。劉邦:狡詐多謀、遇事果斷、臨危不懼、能屈能伸、善于用人。
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