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人教版高中政治選修3走進世界貿易組織教案

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Reading and thinking教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Reading and thinking教學設計

    Her tutor told her to acknowledge __________ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her _______(read) lots of information in order to form __________wise opinion of her own.Now halfway __________ her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said __________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been__________ (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger __________(build) a bridge between the two countries. keys:Xie Lei, a 19­year­old Chinese student, said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded (board) a plane for London six months ago in order to get a business qualification. She was ambitious(ambition) to set up a business after graduation. It was the first time that she had left (leave) home.At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. When she missed home, she felt comforted (comfort) to have a second family. Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements. Her tutor told her to acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been involved (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between the two countries.

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Reading for writing教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Reading for writing教學設計

    The theme of this section is to express people's views on studying abroad. With the continuous development of Chinese economic construction, especially the general improvement of people's living standards, the number of Chinese students studying abroad at their own expense is on the rise. Many students and parents turn their attention to the world and regard studying abroad as an effective way to improve their quality, broaden their horizons and master the world's advanced scientific knowledge, which is very important for the fever of going abroad. Studying abroad is also an important decision made by a family for their children. Therefore, it is of great social significance to discuss this issue. The theme of this section is the column discussion in the newspaper: the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. The discourse is about two parents' contribution letters on this issue. They respectively express their own positions. One thinks that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and the other thinks that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The two parents' arguments are well founded and logical. It is worth noting that the two authors do not express their views on studying abroad from an individual point of view, but from a national or even global point of view. These two articles have the characteristics of both letters and argumentative essays1.Guide the students to read these two articles, and understand the author's point of view and argument ideas2.Help the students to summarize the structure and writing methods of argumentative writing, and guides students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad3.Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems objectively, comprehensively and deeply

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Using langauge-Listening教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Using langauge-Listening教學設計

    ? B: Absolutely! Getting involved with Chinese cultural activities there definitely helped a lot. I got to practice my Chinese on a daily basis, and I could learn how native Chinese speakers spoke.? A: What do you feel is your biggest achievement?? B: Learning Chinese characters! I have learnt about 1,500 so far. When I first started, I didn't think it was even going to be possible to learn so many, but now I find that I can read signs, menus, and even some easy newspaper articles.? A: What are you most keen on?? B: I've really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese characters, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way. ? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? I have really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese Calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese character, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way.? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? B: I'd say, give it a shot! While some aspects may be difficult, it is quite rewarding and you will be happy that you tried.? A: Thanks for your time. ? B:You're welcome.

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 4 Learning about Language教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 4 Learning about Language教學設計

    This section guides students to pay attention to the typical context of vocabulary use, helps students accumulate vocabulary around the key vocabulary of this unit, and uses the learned words and word chunks in different contexts to deeply understand their meaning and usage, so as to achieve the purpose of review and consolidation.The teaching design activities aim to guide students to pay attention to the typical context in which the target vocabulary is used, as well as the common vocabulary used in collocation, so that students can complete the sentence with correct words. In terms of vocabulary learning strategies, this unit focuses on cultivating students' ability to pay attention to collocation of words and to use word blocks to express meaning.For vocabulary learning, it is not enough just to know the meaning of a single word, but the most important thing is to master the common collocations of words, namely word blocks.Teachers should timely guide students to summarize common vocabulary collocation, such as verb and noun collocation, verb and preposition collocation, preposition and noun collocation, and so on.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 4 Reading for writing教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 4 Reading for writing教學設計

    假定你是英國的Jack,打算來中國旅行,請你給你的中國筆友李華寫一封信,要點如下:1.你的旅行計劃:北京→泰山→杭州;2.征求建議并詢問他是否愿意充當你的導游。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右(開頭和結尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù));2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:故宮 the Forbidden City;泰山 Mount TaiDear Li Hua,I'm glad to tell you that 'm going to visit China.First,I am planning to visit Beijing,the capitalof China,where I am looking forward to enjoying the Great Wall,the Forbidden City and somebeautiful parks.Then I intend to go to visit Mount Tai in Shandong Province.I've heard that it is one ofthe most famous mountains in China and I can't wait to enjoy the amazing sunrise there.After that,I amalso going to Hangzhou.It is said that it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights,among which the West Lake is a well- known tourist attraction.What do you think of my travel plan? Will you act as my guide? Hope to hear from you soon.

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 4 Using langauge-Listening教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 4 Using langauge-Listening教學設計

    The theme of the listening section is " talking about scenery and culture along a journey."The part is designed to further lead the students to understand Canadian natural geography and social environment, and integrated into the cultural contrast by mentioning the long train journey from Beijing to Moscow routes. On this basis, the part activates students related travel experience, lets the student serial dialogue, guides the student to explore further the pleasure and meaning of the long journey, and Chinese and foreign cultural comparison.The part also provides a framework for the continuation of the dialogue, which is designed to provide a framework for students to successfully complete their oral expressions, and to incorporate an important trading strategy to end the dialogue naturally.1. Help students to understand and master some common English idioms in the context, and experience the expression effect of English idioms.2. Guide the students to understand the identity of different people in the listening context, and finish the dialogue according to their own experience.3. Instruct the students to use appropriate language to express surprise and curiosity about space and place in the dialogue, and master the oral strategy of ending the dialogue naturally.1. Instruct students to grasp the key information and important details of the dialogue.2. Instruct students to conduct a similar talk on the relevant topic.

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 Learning about Language教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 Learning about Language教學設計

    The purpose of this section of vocabulary exercises is to consolidate the key words in the first part of the reading text, let the students write the words according to the English definition, and focus on the detection of the meaning and spelling of the new words. The teaching design includes use English definition to explain words, which is conducive to improving students' interest in vocabulary learning, cultivating their sense of English language and thinking in English, and making students willing to use this method to better grasp the meaning of words, expand their vocabulary, and improve their ability of vocabulary application. Besides, the design offers more context including sentences and short passage for students to practice words flexibly.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Read the passage about chemical burns and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 Reading and thinking教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 Reading and thinking教學設計

    The theme of this activity is to learn the first aid knowledge of burns. Burns is common in life, but there are some misunderstandings in manual treatment. This activity provides students with correct first aid methods, so as not to take them for granted in an emergency. This section guides students to analyze the causes of scald and help students avoid such things. From the perspective of text structure and collaborative features, the text is expository. Expository, with explanation as the main way of expression, transmits knowledge and information to readers by analyzing concepts and elaborating examples. This text arranges the information in logical order, clearly presents three parts of the content through the subtitle, accurately describes the causes, types, characteristics and first aid measures of burns, and some paragraphs use topic sentences to summarize the main idea, and the level is very clear.1. Guide students to understand the causes, types, characteristics and first aid methods of burns, through reading2. Enhance students’ ability to deal withburnss and their awareness of burns prevention3. Enable students to improve the ability to judge the types of texts accurately and to master the characteristics and writing techniques of expository texts.Guide students to understand the causes, types, characteristics and first aid methods of burns, through readingStep1: Lead in by discussing the related topic:1. What first-aid techniques do you know of ?CPR; mouth to mouth artificial respiration; the Heimlich Manoeuvre

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 Using langauge-Listening教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 Using langauge-Listening教學設計

    The theme of this section is to learn how to make emergency calls. Students should learn how to make emergency calls not only in China, but also in foreign countries in English, so that they can be prepared for future situations outside the home.The emergency telephone number is a vital hotline, which should be the most clear, rapid and effective communication with the acute operator.This section helps students to understand the emergency calls in some countries and the precautions for making emergency calls. Through the study of this section, students can accumulate common expressions and sentence patterns in this context. 1.Help students accumulate emergency telephone numbers in different countries and learn more about first aid2.Guide the students to understand the contents and instructions of the telephone, grasp the characteristics of the emergency telephone and the requirements of the emergency telephone.3.Guide students to understand the first aid instructions of the operators.4.Enable Ss to make simulated emergency calls with their partners in the language they have learned1. Instruct students to grasp the key information and important details of the dialogue.2. Instruct students to conduct a similar talk on the relevant topic.Step1:Look and discuss:Match the pictures below to the medical emergencies, and then discuss the questions in groups.

  • 人教版高中地理選修1第三章第一節(jié)地球的早期演化和地質年代教案

    人教版高中地理選修1第三章第一節(jié)地球的早期演化和地質年代教案

    地質年代可分為相對年代和絕 對年齡(或同位素年齡)兩種。相對地質年代是指巖石和地層之間的相對新老關系和它們的時代順序。地質學家和古生物學家根據地層自然形成的先后順序,將地層分為5代12紀。即早期的太古代和元古代(元古代 在中國含有1個震旦紀),以后的古生代、中生代和新生代。古生代分為寒武紀、奧陶紀、志留紀、泥盆紀、石炭紀和二疊紀,共7個紀;中生代分為三疊紀、侏羅紀和白堊紀,共3個紀;新生代只有第三紀、第四紀兩個紀。在各個不同時期的地層里,大都保存有古代動、植物的標準化石。各類動、植物化石出現(xiàn)的早晚是有一定順序的,越是低等的,出現(xiàn)得越早,越是高等的,出現(xiàn)得越晚。絕對年齡是根據測出巖石中某種放射性元素及其蛻變產物的含量而計算出巖石的生成后距今的實際年 數(shù)。越是老的巖石,地層距今的年數(shù)越長。

  • 人教版高中地理選修2三峽工程對生態(tài)環(huán)境和名勝古跡的影響及對策教案

    人教版高中地理選修2三峽工程對生態(tài)環(huán)境和名勝古跡的影響及對策教案

    一、三峽工程的生態(tài)環(huán)境效應三峽工程的生態(tài)環(huán)境效應是指建設三峽工程對生態(tài)與環(huán)境的有利和不利影響。1、有利影響(1)防洪:(2)防治血吸蟲?。海?)減輕洞庭湖淤積(4)增加枯水期流量,改善水(5)調節(jié)局部氣候:(6)減輕環(huán)境污染:綜上所述,三峽工程對生態(tài)環(huán)境的有利影響主要在中下游。2、不利影響及措施(1)淹沒土地、耕地:水庫蓄水將淹沒土地、耕地。(2)加劇水土流失和環(huán)境污染:在移民開發(fā)和城市遷建過程中,處理不當可能產生新的水土流失和環(huán)境污染等問題。(3)誘發(fā)地質災害(地震、滑坡):水庫蓄水改變了原有地應力的平衡,可能誘發(fā)地震,并使庫岸發(fā)生滑坡等地質災害的可能性增大。(4)加重泥沙淤積:水庫蓄水,使庫區(qū)水流速度變慢,庫區(qū)和庫尾的泥沙淤積加重。

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Discovering useful structures教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Discovering useful structures教學設計

    The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報紙報道說有一百多人在暴風雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導的時間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時,以及by、before后面接過去的時間時,主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導的定語從句中,主語與謂語構成被動關系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中,條件句表示與過去事實相反,且主語與謂語構成被動關系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點得到他的指示,我早就完成這項任務了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點的話,我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會,你就會見到他的。

  • 人教版高中數(shù)學選修3成對數(shù)據的相關關系教學設計

    人教版高中數(shù)學選修3成對數(shù)據的相關關系教學設計

    由樣本相關系數(shù)??≈0.97,可以推斷脂肪含量和年齡這兩個變量正線性相關,且相關程度很強。脂肪含量與年齡變化趨勢相同.歸納總結1.線性相關系數(shù)是從數(shù)值上來判斷變量間的線性相關程度,是定量的方法.與散點圖相比較,線性相關系數(shù)要精細得多,需要注意的是線性相關系數(shù)r的絕對值小,只是說明線性相關程度低,但不一定不相關,可能是非線性相關.2.利用相關系數(shù)r來檢驗線性相關顯著性水平時,通常與0.75作比較,若|r|>0.75,則線性相關較為顯著,否則不顯著.例2. 有人收集了某城市居民年收入(所有居民在一年內收入的總和)與A商品銷售額的10年數(shù)據,如表所示.畫出散點圖,判斷成對樣本數(shù)據是否線性相關,并通過樣本相關系數(shù)推斷居民年收入與A商品銷售額的相關程度和變化趨勢的異同.

  • 人教版高中數(shù)學選修3離散型隨機變量的均值教學設計

    人教版高中數(shù)學選修3離散型隨機變量的均值教學設計

    對于離散型隨機變量,可以由它的概率分布列確定與該隨機變量相關事件的概率。但在實際問題中,有時我們更感興趣的是隨機變量的某些數(shù)字特征。例如,要了解某班同學在一次數(shù)學測驗中的總體水平,很重要的是看平均分;要了解某班同學數(shù)學成績是否“兩極分化”則需要考察這個班數(shù)學成績的方差。我們還常常希望直接通過數(shù)字來反映隨機變量的某個方面的特征,最常用的有期望與方差.二、 探究新知探究1.甲乙兩名射箭運動員射中目標靶的環(huán)數(shù)的分布列如下表所示:如何比較他們射箭水平的高低呢?環(huán)數(shù)X 7 8 9 10甲射中的概率 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4乙射中的概率 0.15 0.25 0.4 0.2類似兩組數(shù)據的比較,首先比較擊中的平均環(huán)數(shù),如果平均環(huán)數(shù)相等,再看穩(wěn)定性.假設甲射箭n次,射中7環(huán)、8環(huán)、9環(huán)和10環(huán)的頻率分別為:甲n次射箭射中的平均環(huán)數(shù)當n足夠大時,頻率穩(wěn)定于概率,所以x穩(wěn)定于7×0.1+8×0.2+9×0.3+10×0.4=9.即甲射中平均環(huán)數(shù)的穩(wěn)定值(理論平均值)為9,這個平均值的大小可以反映甲運動員的射箭水平.同理,乙射中環(huán)數(shù)的平均值為7×0.15+8×0.25+9×0.4+10×0.2=8.65.

  • 人教版高中數(shù)學選修3離散型隨機變量及其分布列(2)教學設計

    人教版高中數(shù)學選修3離散型隨機變量及其分布列(2)教學設計

    溫故知新 1.離散型隨機變量的定義可能取值為有限個或可以一一列舉的隨機變量,我們稱為離散型隨機變量.通常用大寫英文字母表示隨機變量,例如X,Y,Z;用小寫英文字母表示隨機變量的取值,例如x,y,z.隨機變量的特點: 試驗之前可以判斷其可能出現(xiàn)的所有值,在試驗之前不可能確定取何值;可以用數(shù)字表示2、隨機變量的分類①離散型隨機變量:X的取值可一、一列出;②連續(xù)型隨機變量:X可以取某個區(qū)間內的一切值隨機變量將隨機事件的結果數(shù)量化.3、古典概型:①試驗中所有可能出現(xiàn)的基本事件只有有限個;②每個基本事件出現(xiàn)的可能性相等。二、探究新知探究1.拋擲一枚骰子,所得的點數(shù)X有哪些值?取每個值的概率是多少? 因為X取值范圍是{1,2,3,4,5,6}而且"P(X=m)"=1/6,m=1,2,3,4,5,6.因此X分布列如下表所示

  • 人教版高中數(shù)學選修3一元線性回歸模型及其應用教學設計

    人教版高中數(shù)學選修3一元線性回歸模型及其應用教學設計

    1.確定研究對象,明確哪個是解釋變量,哪個是響應變量;2.由經驗確定非線性經驗回歸方程的模型;3.通過變換,將非線性經驗回歸模型轉化為線性經驗回歸模型;4.按照公式計算經驗回歸方程中的參數(shù),得到經驗回歸方程;5.消去新元,得到非線性經驗回歸方程;6.得出結果后分析殘差圖是否有異常 .跟蹤訓練1.一只藥用昆蟲的產卵數(shù)y與一定范圍內的溫度x有關,現(xiàn)收集了6組觀測數(shù)據列于表中: 經計算得: 線性回歸殘差的平方和: ∑_(i=1)^6?〖(y_i-(y_i ) ?)〗^2=236,64,e^8.0605≈3167.其中 分別為觀測數(shù)據中的溫度和產卵數(shù),i=1,2,3,4,5,6.(1)若用線性回歸模型擬合,求y關于x的回歸方程 (精確到0.1);(2)若用非線性回歸模型擬合,求得y關于x回歸方程為 且相關指數(shù)R2=0.9522. ①試與(1)中的線性回歸模型相比較,用R2說明哪種模型的擬合效果更好 ?②用擬合效果好的模型預測溫度為35℃時該種藥用昆蟲的產卵數(shù).(結果取整數(shù)).

  • 新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Reading and thinking教學設計

    新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Reading and thinking教學設計

    The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.

  • 人教版高中數(shù)學選修3離散型隨機變量及其分布列(1)教學設計

    人教版高中數(shù)學選修3離散型隨機變量及其分布列(1)教學設計

    4.寫出下列隨機變量可能取的值,并說明隨機變量所取的值表示的隨機試驗的結果.(1)一個袋中裝有8個紅球,3個白球,從中任取5個球,其中所含白球的個數(shù)為X.(2)一個袋中有5個同樣大小的黑球,編號為1,2,3,4,5,從中任取3個球,取出的球的最大號碼記為X.(3). 在本例(1)條件下,規(guī)定取出一個紅球贏2元,而每取出一個白球輸1元,以ξ表示贏得的錢數(shù),結果如何?[解] (1)X可取0,1,2,3.X=0表示取5個球全是紅球;X=1表示取1個白球,4個紅球;X=2表示取2個白球,3個紅球;X=3表示取3個白球,2個紅球.(2)X可取3,4,5.X=3表示取出的球編號為1,2,3;X=4表示取出的球編號為1,2,4;1,3,4或2,3,4.X=5表示取出的球編號為1,2,5;1,3,5;1,4,5;2,3,5;2,4,5或3,4,5.(3) ξ=10表示取5個球全是紅球;ξ=7表示取1個白球,4個紅球;ξ=4表示取2個白球,3個紅球;ξ=1表示取3個白球,2個紅球.

  • 人教版高中數(shù)學選修3離散型隨機變量的方差教學設計

    人教版高中數(shù)學選修3離散型隨機變量的方差教學設計

    3.下結論.依據均值和方差做出結論.跟蹤訓練2. A、B兩個投資項目的利潤率分別為隨機變量X1和X2,根據市場分析, X1和X2的分布列分別為X1 2% 8% 12% X2 5% 10%P 0.2 0.5 0.3 P 0.8 0.2求:(1)在A、B兩個項目上各投資100萬元, Y1和Y2分別表示投資項目A和B所獲得的利潤,求方差D(Y1)和D(Y2);(2)根據得到的結論,對于投資者有什么建議? 解:(1)題目可知,投資項目A和B所獲得的利潤Y1和Y2的分布列為:Y1 2 8 12 Y2 5 10P 0.2 0.5 0.3 P 0.8 0.2所以 ;; 解:(2) 由(1)可知 ,說明投資A項目比投資B項目期望收益要高;同時 ,說明投資A項目比投資B項目的實際收益相對于期望收益的平均波動要更大.因此,對于追求穩(wěn)定的投資者,投資B項目更合適;而對于更看重利潤并且愿意為了高利潤承擔風險的投資者,投資A項目更合適.

  • 人教版高中數(shù)學選修3分類變量與列聯(lián)表教學設計

    人教版高中數(shù)學選修3分類變量與列聯(lián)表教學設計

    一、 問題導學前面兩節(jié)所討論的變量,如人的身高、樹的胸徑、樹的高度、短跑100m世界紀錄和創(chuàng)紀錄的時間等,都是數(shù)值變量,數(shù)值變量的取值為實數(shù).其大小和運算都有實際含義.在現(xiàn)實生活中,人們經常需要回答一定范圍內的兩種現(xiàn)象或性質之間是否存在關聯(lián)性或相互影響的問題.例如,就讀不同學校是否對學生的成績有影響,不同班級學生用于體育鍛煉的時間是否有差別,吸煙是否會增加患肺癌的風險,等等,本節(jié)將要學習的獨立性檢驗方法為我們提供了解決這類問題的方案。在討論上述問題時,為了表述方便,我們經常會使用一種特殊的隨機變量,以區(qū)別不同的現(xiàn)象或性質,這類隨機變量稱為分類變量.分類變量的取值可以用實數(shù)表示,例如,學生所在的班級可以用1,2,3等表示,男性、女性可以用1,0表示,等等.在很多時候,這些數(shù)值只作為編號使用,并沒有通常的大小和運算意義,本節(jié)我們主要討論取值于{0,1}的分類變量的關聯(lián)性問題.

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