4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說(shuō)Who,其意思是問(wèn),對(duì)方想讓誰(shuí)在開(kāi)場(chǎng)時(shí)致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來(lái)就回來(lái)。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
You have no excuse for not going.你沒(méi)有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2.動(dòng)詞ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)詞ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)詞ing形式加了一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式:①形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)詞ing②名詞所有格+動(dòng)詞ing③代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞ing④名詞+動(dòng)詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來(lái)幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個(gè)嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎?無(wú)生命名詞無(wú)論是作主語(yǔ)還是作賓語(yǔ)都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎(jiǎng)使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開(kāi)嗎?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我沒(méi)能按時(shí)來(lái)。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了,他很擔(dān)心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來(lái)給我們舉辦一場(chǎng)演唱會(huì)。
(1)類型:常見(jiàn)的農(nóng)作物病害有:稻瘟病、小麥銹病、棉花枯萎病、煙草炭疽病等。常見(jiàn)的森林病害有:楊樹爛皮病、松皰銹病、溶葉病、泡桐叢枝病等。(2)病害發(fā)生的原因:A.氣候變異等造成的不良環(huán)境使得作物對(duì)病害抗性降低。B.外來(lái)病原體入侵也是病害流行的主要原因。(3)危害:病害使農(nóng)作物、樹木染病從而枯萎甚至死株,導(dǎo)致大面積農(nóng)田、森林被毀壞。2.蟲害和鼠害(1)蟲害的常見(jiàn)類型①常見(jiàn)的農(nóng)作物蟲害有:蝗蟲、黏蟲、水稻螟、棉鈴蟲等。其中危害最大的是蝗蟲。②常見(jiàn)的森林蟲害有松材線蟲、松毛蟲、楊樹蛀干害蟲、泡桐大袋蛾等。其中松材線蟲是世界上最具危險(xiǎn)性的森林蟲害,被列為國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)重大檢疫對(duì)象。(2)鼠害及危害①重災(zāi)區(qū):農(nóng)田、牧場(chǎng)及森林。②危害:害鼠啃食植株,在地下打洞,危害植物根系,使農(nóng)業(yè)減產(chǎn),森林草地遭到破壞。(3)蟲、鼠害的特點(diǎn):繁殖快、適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)(4)造成蟲害和鼠害流行的因素:①適宜繁殖的氣候條件、②自然或人為因素造成的天敵減少等,
騎自行車的交通安全 我國(guó)是自行車大國(guó),許多年滿12周歲的同學(xué)都騎自行車上學(xué),騎自行車應(yīng)注意哪些問(wèn)題呢?下面請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一名同學(xué)朗誦《安全騎車歌》?! “踩T車歌 同學(xué)們騎自行車,聽(tīng)我唱段安全歌?! ≤団徍檬归l要靈,有了情況車能停?! ∩辖肿⒁饪葱盘?hào),千萬(wàn)不要冒險(xiǎn)行?! ⌒盘?hào)就是指揮員,騎車第一講安全?! 】匆?jiàn)紅燈快剎閘,該等多久等多久?! 【G燈亮了才能行,安全通行不爭(zhēng)搶。 十字路口人車多,左右觀察聽(tīng)八方?! ◎T車帶人危險(xiǎn)大,攀扶車輛更可怕?! ≈兴衮T車靠右側(cè),分道行駛路暢通?! ◎T車拐彎要示意,不能猛拐一溜風(fēng)。 手拉手兒把肩摸,十有八、九要撞車?! ‰p手離把更不行,撞上汽車命歸西?! ◎T車不走一條線,東搖西擺像醉漢?! 〔欢奶斐鍪鹿?,頭破血流住醫(yī)院?! ●W載東西別超寬,超高超長(zhǎng)也危險(xiǎn)?! ◎T車讓讓講安全,事情雖小不平凡。
一、談話導(dǎo)入:師:咱們班今天是誰(shuí)的值日生啊?學(xué)生反饋(教師請(qǐng)值日的學(xué)生回答并根據(jù)班級(jí)衛(wèi)生情況做出簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)價(jià)或表?yè)P(yáng)。)師:今天的值日生表現(xiàn)非常棒,值日工作做的很好,希望其他同學(xué)向他(她)學(xué)習(xí)。那你們想不想把我們值日時(shí)的場(chǎng)面畫在紙上呢?今天就讓我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)第七課《今天我值日》。(打開(kāi)課件)生:學(xué)生打開(kāi)課本第七課《今天我值日》。
教師:D.C.是從記號(hào)處反復(fù),那么D.S.呢?D.S.是從頭反復(fù),到英文Fine結(jié)束。二者要區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái),下次我們遇到再仔細(xì)講。教師:最后我們完整的演唱一遍這首歌曲,同學(xué)們的歌唱狀態(tài)準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?怎么坐的?教師:同學(xué)們演唱的真不錯(cuò),從歌聲里啊就能感受到同學(xué)們對(duì)祖國(guó)的熱愛(ài),對(duì)祖國(guó)未來(lái)的祝福之情。我對(duì)同學(xué)們的欣賞之情啊,猶如黃河泛濫,一發(fā)不可收拾。八、預(yù)備拓展方案:1. 這首歌曲對(duì)仗工整,相同點(diǎn)多,讓學(xué)生模仿歌詞自己編寫歌詞,然后演唱。2. 設(shè)計(jì)輪唱演唱形式。九、課堂小結(jié):同學(xué)們,今天這堂課,同學(xué)們很積極,用深情地歌聲表達(dá)出對(duì)偉大祖國(guó)生日的祝福,同時(shí)我們也新學(xué)了一個(gè)音樂(lè)當(dāng)中的知識(shí)點(diǎn):D.S.從記號(hào)處反復(fù)記號(hào)。這堂課,老師很高興,送給在座的你們一句話:少年智,則國(guó)智;少年強(qiáng),則國(guó)強(qiáng);今天的課就上到這里,下課(播放音樂(lè),學(xué)生走出教室。)
Ⅵ.活動(dòng)與探究某種“15選5”的彩票的獲獎(jiǎng)號(hào)碼是從1~15這15個(gè)數(shù)字小選擇5個(gè)數(shù)字(可以重復(fù)),若彩民所選擇的5個(gè)數(shù)字恰與獲獎(jiǎng)號(hào)碼相同,即可獲得特等獎(jiǎng).小明觀察了最近100期獲獎(jiǎng)號(hào)碼,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中竟有51期有重號(hào)(同一期獲獎(jiǎng)號(hào)碼有2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上的數(shù)字相同),66期有連號(hào)(同一期獲獎(jiǎng)號(hào)碼中有2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上的數(shù)字相鄰).他認(rèn)為獲獎(jiǎng)號(hào)碼不應(yīng)該有這么多重號(hào)和連號(hào),獲獎(jiǎng)號(hào)碼可能不是隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生的,有失公允.小明的觀點(diǎn)有道理嗎?重號(hào)的概率大約是多少?利用計(jì)算器模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)可以估計(jì)重號(hào)的概率.[過(guò)程]兩人組成一個(gè)小組,利用計(jì)算器產(chǎn)生1~15之間的隨機(jī)數(shù).并記錄下來(lái),每產(chǎn)生5個(gè)隨機(jī)數(shù)為一次實(shí)驗(yàn),每組做10次實(shí)驗(yàn),看看有幾次重號(hào)和連號(hào).將全班的數(shù)據(jù)匯總集中起來(lái),就可估計(jì)出1~15之間的整數(shù)中隨機(jī)抽出5個(gè)數(shù)出現(xiàn)重號(hào)和連號(hào)的概率.
學(xué)生閱讀教材第26頁(yè)的四幅圖畫,反思日常生活中自己的一些做法,然后在小組內(nèi)交流,再全班交流展示,教師相機(jī)引導(dǎo)、板書。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:對(duì)日常生活中自己值日的思考,激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)值日生職責(zé)的認(rèn)同感?;顒?dòng)二:解決值日中遇到的難題學(xué)生閱讀教材第27頁(yè)的四幅圖,思考自己在值日中遇到過(guò)什么困難,然后全班交流,學(xué)生暢所欲言,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生共同解決。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:針對(duì)學(xué)生值日中真實(shí)的困惑進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)和解決,提高學(xué)生的責(zé)任意識(shí)、道德能力。活動(dòng)三:我是今天的值日生課件出示兒歌《我是今天的值日生》。學(xué)生先自己讀一讀,全班再齊讀。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:再次認(rèn)識(shí)值日生的職責(zé)。環(huán)節(jié)三:課堂小結(jié),內(nèi)化提升學(xué)生談一談學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)課的收獲,教師相機(jī)引導(dǎo)。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:梳理總結(jié),體驗(yàn)收獲與成功的喜悅,內(nèi)化提升學(xué)生的認(rèn)識(shí)與情感。環(huán)節(jié)四:回歸生活,拓展延伸制作班級(jí)值日生的表格,記錄自己今后做值日的情況。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:將課堂所學(xué)延伸到學(xué)生的日常生活中,有利于落實(shí)行為實(shí)踐。
(六)6月份以來(lái)在FMXXX交通廣播分別在早、中、晚高峰時(shí)段循環(huán)播放致全州無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血者的感謝語(yǔ)、無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血政策宣傳等相關(guān)內(nèi)容。(七)通過(guò)血站管理信息系統(tǒng)向在我站參加無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血的獻(xiàn)血者發(fā)送節(jié)日祝福短信15萬(wàn)余條。(八)6月份來(lái)通過(guò)我站微信公眾號(hào)在“高校專欄”開(kāi)展高校無(wú)償獻(xiàn)血知識(shí)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,分別在XX學(xué)院、XX職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院、XX職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院等院校進(jìn)行,目的是進(jìn)一步了解青年學(xué)生獻(xiàn)血?jiǎng)訖C(jī)、科普獻(xiàn)血知識(shí),為以后高校無(wú)的償獻(xiàn)血工作開(kāi)展提供指導(dǎo)。(九)世界獻(xiàn)血者日前夕,我站制定了“紀(jì)念第二十個(gè)世界獻(xiàn)血者日”紀(jì)念獎(jiǎng)杯500份,并于6月13-14日當(dāng)天在各獻(xiàn)血點(diǎn)發(fā)放,讓獻(xiàn)血更有“紀(jì)念”價(jià)值。四、碩果成效顯著,促進(jìn)獻(xiàn)血事業(yè)(一)從6月12日到6月15日開(kāi)展世界獻(xiàn)血者日宣傳活動(dòng)以來(lái),前到我站成功獻(xiàn)血達(dá)733人次,合計(jì)獻(xiàn)血量1217U。
(1)1945.10.24日,《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》生效,聯(lián)合國(guó)正式成立。主要機(jī)構(gòu)有:聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)、安全理事會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會(huì)理事會(huì)、托管理事會(huì)、國(guó)際法院、秘書處等。(2)聯(lián)合國(guó)的宗旨:維護(hù)國(guó)際和平與安全;發(fā)展國(guó)際間以尊重人民平等權(quán)利及自決原則為基礎(chǔ)的友好關(guān)系;促進(jìn)國(guó)際合作,以解決國(guó)際間屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化及人類福利性質(zhì)的國(guó)際問(wèn)題;作為協(xié)調(diào)各國(guó)活動(dòng)的中心。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),就是維護(hù)國(guó)際和平與安全,促進(jìn)國(guó)際合作與發(fā)展。(3)聯(lián)合國(guó)的原則:各會(huì)員國(guó)主權(quán)平等,履行憲章規(guī)定的義務(wù),以和平方式解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端,不得對(duì)其他國(guó)家進(jìn)行武力威脅或使用武力,集體協(xié)作,不干涉任何國(guó)家的內(nèi)政,確保非會(huì)員國(guó)遵守上述原則。(4)聯(lián)合國(guó)的作用:聯(lián)合國(guó)在維護(hù)世界和平與安全,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的發(fā)展,以及實(shí)行人道主義援助等方面發(fā)揮著積極作用。
一、要有率先垂范的團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo): 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是團(tuán)隊(duì)的核心,是團(tuán)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)路人,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的執(zhí)行力決定了這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的執(zhí)行力。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力就是戰(zhàn)斗力,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力就是執(zhí)行力!對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者而言,執(zhí)行力不只是員工的義務(wù),更是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的責(zé)任。身教勝于言傳,要求員工做到的,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須先做到,正如付老師所言:“要得到什么,就必須先付出什么!。如果領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者有”法不依、有令不行,上有政策、下有對(duì)策,那員工又怎么會(huì)聽(tīng)從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的安排?如果說(shuō)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者能以身作責(zé)、率先垂范,員工上行下效怎么會(huì)執(zhí)行不力?所以說(shuō),一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的執(zhí)行力強(qiáng)弱與否,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是關(guān)鍵。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的一次率先垂范勝過(guò)對(duì)員工一百次蒼白無(wú)力的說(shuō)教!
①平動(dòng)的物體一般可以看作質(zhì)點(diǎn)做平動(dòng)的物體,由于物體上各點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況相同,可以用一個(gè)點(diǎn)代表整個(gè)物體的運(yùn)動(dòng),在這種情況下,物體的大小、形狀就無(wú)關(guān)緊要了,可以把整個(gè)物體當(dāng)質(zhì)點(diǎn)。例如:平直公路上行駛的汽車,車身上各部分的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況相同,當(dāng)我們把汽車作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)研究它的運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候,就可以把汽車當(dāng)作質(zhì)點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然,假如我們需要研究汽車輪胎的運(yùn)動(dòng),由于輪胎上各部分運(yùn)動(dòng)情況不相同,那就不能把它看作質(zhì)點(diǎn)了。要注意的是:同一物體在不同情況下有時(shí)可看質(zhì)點(diǎn),有時(shí)不可以看作質(zhì)點(diǎn),一列火車從北京開(kāi)到上海,研究火車的運(yùn)行的時(shí)間,可將火車看成質(zhì)點(diǎn),而火車過(guò)橋時(shí),計(jì)算火車過(guò)橋的時(shí)間,不可以將火車看成質(zhì)點(diǎn)。②有轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)但轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)為次要因素例如:研究地球公轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),可把地球看作質(zhì)點(diǎn);研究地球自轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),不能把地球看作質(zhì)點(diǎn)。③物體的形狀、大小可忽略再如:乒乓球旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)球的運(yùn)動(dòng)的較大的影響,運(yùn)動(dòng)員在發(fā)球、擊球時(shí)都要考慮,就不能把乒乓球簡(jiǎn)單看作質(zhì)點(diǎn)。
(創(chuàng)設(shè)實(shí)例:多媒體播放視頻劉翔的110m欄。)1.提出問(wèn)題:怎樣定量(準(zhǔn)確)人描述車或劉翔所在的位置?2.提示:你的描述必須能反映物體(或人)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特點(diǎn)(直線)、運(yùn)動(dòng)方向、各點(diǎn)之間的距離等因素。3.總結(jié):①為了定量地描述物體的位置及位置的變化,需要在參考系上建立適當(dāng)?shù)淖鴺?biāo)系。坐標(biāo)系是在參考系的基礎(chǔ)上抽象出來(lái)的概念,是抽象化的參考系。為了定量地描述物體的位置及位置的變化需要在參考系上建立適當(dāng)?shù)淖鴺?biāo)系,如果物體在一維空間運(yùn)動(dòng),即沿一條直線運(yùn)動(dòng),只需建立直線坐標(biāo)系,就能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)物體的位置;如果物體在二維空間運(yùn)動(dòng),即在同一平面運(yùn)動(dòng),就需要建立平面直角坐標(biāo)系來(lái)描述物體的位置;當(dāng)物體在三維空間運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),則需要建立三維坐標(biāo)系。①一維坐標(biāo):描述物體在一條直線上運(yùn)動(dòng),即物體做一維運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),可以以這條直線為x軸,在直線上規(guī)定原點(diǎn)、正方向和單位長(zhǎng)度,建立直線坐標(biāo)系。如圖1-1-1所示,若某一物體運(yùn)動(dòng)到A點(diǎn),此時(shí)它的位置坐標(biāo)XA=3m,若它運(yùn)動(dòng)到B點(diǎn),則此時(shí)它的坐標(biāo)XB=-2m(“-”表示沿X軸負(fù)方向)。
一、說(shuō)教材《質(zhì)點(diǎn) 參考系和坐標(biāo)系》是人教版普通高中物理必修一第一章第一課的內(nèi)容。本節(jié)課主要介紹了質(zhì)點(diǎn)、參考系、坐標(biāo)系的基本概念。通過(guò)本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)后續(xù)課程起到了鋪墊的作用。根據(jù)上述教材的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容分析,又考慮到高一年級(jí)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)及其心理特征,我制定了以下三維教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)與技能:知道質(zhì)點(diǎn)的概念及條件;知道參考系的概念及作用;掌握坐標(biāo)系的簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用。2、過(guò)程與方法:促進(jìn)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生積極參與、樂(lè)于探究、勇于實(shí)驗(yàn)、勤于思考,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的科學(xué)探究能力。3、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:通過(guò)質(zhì)點(diǎn) 參考系和坐標(biāo)系的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生了解生活與物理的關(guān)系,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用科學(xué)的思維去看待事物。根據(jù)普通高中物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并在吃透教材的基礎(chǔ)上,我確定了以下教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn):教學(xué)重點(diǎn):質(zhì)點(diǎn)概念的建立。只有掌握了這一點(diǎn)才能更加準(zhǔn)確的理解和掌握后續(xù)教材的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
環(huán)節(jié)四 課堂小結(jié) 鞏固知識(shí)本節(jié)課我采用線索性的板書,整個(gè)知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然,為了充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生在課堂的主體地位,我將課堂小結(jié)交由學(xué)生完成,請(qǐng)學(xué)生根據(jù)課堂學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容,結(jié)合我的板書設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)進(jìn)行小結(jié),以此來(lái)幫助教師在第一時(shí)間掌握學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)信息的反饋,同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納分析能力、概括能力。環(huán)節(jié)五 情景回歸,情感升華我的實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)老師告訴過(guò)我們,政治這一門學(xué)科要從生活中來(lái)到生活去,所以在課堂的最后以中菲黃巖島事件為材料背景,引導(dǎo)同學(xué)們思考:作為一名愛(ài)國(guó)青年請(qǐng)就如何解決這一問(wèn)題向政府提出自己的建議和意見(jiàn)。以此培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)理論的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力,同時(shí)檢驗(yàn)他們對(duì)知識(shí)的真正掌握情況,以此達(dá)到情感的升華,本節(jié)課,我根據(jù)建構(gòu)主義理論,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的中心,學(xué)生是知識(shí)意義的主動(dòng)建構(gòu)者,是信息加工的主體,要強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的參與性、以及探究性,不僅讓他們懂得知識(shí),更讓他們相信知識(shí),并且將知識(shí)融入到實(shí)踐當(dāng)中去,最終達(dá)到知、情、意、行的統(tǒng)一。