-
人教版新課標高中物理必修2曲線運動教案2篇
1、教師先演示投影：把小鋼珠放在黑墨水瓶蓋里轉(zhuǎn)一下（內(nèi)有一點點墨水），再放在半圓形有機玻璃軌道上運動并飛出，讓鋼珠在白紙上留下痕跡，同樣在3/5半圓周，4/5半圓周上運動飛出，讓學生猜測飛出方向由什么特點？（有機玻璃板說明：厚約5毫米，略小于小鋼珠直徑，圓弧半徑15厘米，MN邊稍長些，以便過MN做直線，根據(jù)半徑大小確定圓心O位置。）學生猜想：切線方向師：已知圓弧半徑為15厘米。如何驗證？請用幾何方法作圖驗證。生：標出飛出點和圓心，做圓心和飛出點的連線，用量角尺量出該連線和飛出軌跡直線的夾角，是否90度。2、再分組實驗，提醒同桌配合，小心鋼珠滾跑。實驗完畢，要求作圖驗證，并互相討論交流。3、交流和結(jié)論：師：要引導學生得出正確的科學結(jié)論：“圓周運動的物體的速度方向為該點的切線方向”，而不能直接得出“曲線運動的的物體速度方向為該點的切線方向”。
人教版新課標高中物理必修1牛頓第一定律教案3篇
一、知識與技能１、知道伽利略的理想實驗及其主要推理過程和推論，知道理想實驗是科學研究的重要方法２、理解牛頓第一定律的內(nèi)容及意義；理解力和運動的關(guān)系，知道物體的運動不需要力來維持。３、理解慣性的概念，知道質(zhì)量是慣性大小的量度；會用慣性解釋一些現(xiàn)象。二、過程與方法１、觀察生活中的慣性現(xiàn)象，了解力和運動的關(guān)系２、通過實驗加深對牛頓第一定律的理解３、理解理想實驗是科學研究的重要方法三、情感態(tài)度與價值觀１、通過伽利略和亞里士多德對力和運動關(guān)系的不同認識，了解人類認識事物本質(zhì)的曲折性２、感悟科學是人類進步的不竭動力［教學重點］１、理解力和運動的關(guān)系２、對牛頓第一定律和慣性的正確理解３、理想實驗［教學難點］１、力和運動的關(guān)系２、慣性和質(zhì)量的關(guān)系［課時安排］1課時［教學過程］［引入］
人教版新課標高中物理必修1牛頓第一定律教案3篇
一、知識與技能１、知道伽利略的理想實驗及其主要推理過程和推論，知道理想實驗是科學研究的重要方法２、理解牛頓第一定律的內(nèi)容及意義；理解力和運動的關(guān)系，知道物體的運動不需要力來維持。３、理解慣性的概念，知道質(zhì)量是慣性大小的量度；會用慣性解釋一些現(xiàn)象。二、過程與方法１、觀察生活中的慣性現(xiàn)象，了解力和運動的關(guān)系２、通過實驗加深對牛頓第一定律的理解３、理解理想實驗是科學研究的重要方法三、情感態(tài)度與價值觀１、通過伽利略和亞里士多德對力和運動關(guān)系的不同認識，了解人類認識事物本質(zhì)的曲折性２、感悟科學是人類進步的不竭動力［教學重點］１、理解力和運動的關(guān)系２、對牛頓第一定律和慣性的正確理解３、理想實驗［教學難點］１、力和運動的關(guān)系２、慣性和質(zhì)量的關(guān)系
人教版新課標高中物理必修1用打點計時器測速度教案3篇
實驗目標：1、知道打點計時器的構(gòu)造和原理，學會使用打點計時器，能根據(jù)打出的紙帶計算打幾個點所用的時間，會計算紙帶的平均速度，能根據(jù)紙帶粗略測量紙帶的瞬時速度，認識v-t圖象，并能根據(jù)v-t圖象判斷物體的運動情況。2、通過速度測量過程的體驗，領(lǐng)悟兩個方法：一是用圖象處理物理數(shù)據(jù)的方法；二是極限法或說無限趨近法，加強一個認識，實驗是檢驗理論的標準。實驗器材：電源（220v電源或?qū)W生電源），打點計時器，紙帶，刻度尺（最好是塑料透明的），導線實驗準備：1、仔細觀察電磁打點計時器和電火花計時器，對照課本，比較它們的異同。2、兩類打點計時器的打點時間間隔是多少？3、分析紙帶時，如何計算紙帶的平均速度。4、嚴格地說，瞬時速度我們引進測量出來的，你知道用什么方法求出的速度可以代替某點的瞬時速度嗎？
人教版新課標高中物理必修1用打點計時器測速度教案3篇
實驗目標：1、知道打點計時器的構(gòu)造和原理，學會使用打點計時器，能根據(jù)打出的紙帶計算打幾個點所用的時間，會計算紙帶的平均速度，能根據(jù)紙帶粗略測量紙帶的瞬時速度，認識v-t圖象，并能根據(jù)v-t圖象判斷物體的運動情況。2、通過速度測量過程的體驗，領(lǐng)悟兩個方法：一是用圖象處理物理數(shù)據(jù)的方法；二是極限法或說無限趨近法，加強一個認識，實驗是檢驗理論的標準。實驗器材：電源（220v電源或?qū)W生電源），打點計時器，紙帶，刻度尺（最好是塑料透明的），導線實驗準備：1、仔細觀察電磁打點計時器和電火花計時器，對照課本，比較它們的異同。2、兩類打點計時器的打點時間間隔是多少？3、分析紙帶時，如何計算紙帶的平均速度。4、嚴格地說，瞬時速度我們引進測量出來的，你知道用什么方法求出的速度可以代替某點的瞬時速度嗎？5、從器材上讀取的數(shù)據(jù)是原始數(shù)據(jù)，原始數(shù)據(jù)是寶貴的實驗資料，要嚴肅對待，要整齊的記錄，妥善保存。
人教版新課標高中物理必修2重力勢能教案3篇
（一）知識與技能1．理解重力勢能的概念，會用重力勢能的定義進行計算。2．理解重力勢能的變化和重力做功的關(guān)系，知道重力做功與路徑無關(guān)。3．知道重力勢能的相對性，知道重力勢能是物體和地球系統(tǒng)共有的（二）過程與方法：用所學功的概念推導重力做功與路徑的關(guān)系，親身感受知識的建立過程（三）情感、態(tài)度與價值觀1．滲透從對生活中有關(guān)物理現(xiàn)象的觀察，得到物理結(jié)論的方法，激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學生探索自然規(guī)律的興趣．2．培養(yǎng)學生遵守社會公德，防止高空墜物?！窘虒W重點】重力勢能的概念及重力做功跟物體重力勢能改變的關(guān)系?！窘虒W難點】重力勢能的系統(tǒng)性和相對性?！窘虒W方法】啟發(fā)、引導、講練結(jié)合【教學過程】一、新課引入有句話是“搬起石頭砸自己的腳”，從物理的角度看待這一問題，搬起的石頭有了做功的本領(lǐng)，它就具有了能，這種能我們稱為重力勢能。我們今天就來學習重力勢能。二、新課教學
人教版新課標高中物理必修2研究平拋運動教案3篇
（給出儀器后先讓學生思考如何設(shè)計實驗、安裝儀器、設(shè)計實驗步驟，而后教師總結(jié)）實驗步驟如下：①安裝調(diào)整斜槽 ：用圖釘把白紙釘在豎直板上，在木板的左上角固定斜槽。②調(diào)整木板 ：用懸掛在槽口的重錘線把木板調(diào)整到豎直方向，并使木板平面與小球下落的豎直面平行，然后把重錘線方向記錄到釘在木板上的白紙上，固定木板，使在重復實驗的過程中，木板與斜槽的相對位置保持不變。③確定坐標原點：把小球放在槽口處，用鉛筆記下小球在槽口時球心在木板上的水平投影點O，O即為坐標原點。④描繪運動軌跡 ：用鉛筆的筆尖輕輕地靠在木板的平面上，不斷調(diào)整筆尖的位置，使從斜槽上滾下的小球正好碰到筆尖，然后就用鉛筆在該處白紙上點上一個黑點，這就記下了小球球心所對應的位置。保證小球每次從槽上開始滾下的位置都相同，用同樣的方法可找出小球平拋軌跡上的一系列位置。取下白紙，描繪小球做平拋運動的軌跡。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life-Reading for Writing教案
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with reading for writing a letter of advice. Students are expected to learn the knowledge about how to write a suggestion letter. The teacher is expected to enable students to master some writing skills concerning suggestion letters and learn to write one.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of how to write a suggestion letter properly.2. Enable students to use some writing skills flexibly.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.【教學重難點】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the skills of writing a suggestion letter2.How to enable students to write a good recommendation letter using some writing skills properly.【教學過程】Step 1: Lead in Begin the class with the lead-in questions: how to write a letter for advice? What kinds of aspects should be included? It is strongly recommended that the teacher should ask students to discuss the topic freely with their partners and brainstorm some ideas concerning the topic. In this way, students can come up with more ideas and avoid being nervous at the beginning of the class.Step 2: Read to discover details concerning advice letters’ writing style.The teacher is expected to ask students to read a letter offering some advice on page 18 silently and then request students to discuss the questions below.
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life-Reading and Thinking教案
【教材分析】The topic of this unit is about teenage life, which belongs to the theme context of “humans and oneself”.As teenagers who shoulder the responsibility of “Chinese great dream”, they must fully know themselves, including their strengths, weaknesses and challenges etc. They are supposed to improve themselves continuously and readily study their subjects, and thus foster their strategies and confidence in lifelong studies.This period is entitled the freshmen challenges, which mainly concerns some big challenges for new students in Senior high school. In this period, a teacher should lead students to find out what their challenges are and guide them to figure out how to crack the challenges and better themselves. More importantly, a teacher should instruct students to absorb new language points and appreciate the language. Besides, a teacher must instruct students to acquire some skills concerning reading efficiently and inspire them to talk more about their new school life, especially their new problems and solutions both at school and in life.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Enable students to acquire the basic usage of the new words and expressions concerning the freshmen challenges and learn to use them flexibly.2. Enable students to have a good understanding of the freshmen challenges in the new senior high school which is quite different from junior middle school.3. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 4. Develop students’ different learning skills to solve different reading comprehensive problems.
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life-Discovering Useful Structure教案
（形容詞短語most beautiful的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞，該短語在句中作定語修飾名詞bird）④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能讓你真正高興的人。（形容詞短語really happy的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞，該短語在句中作賓語補足語）[即學即練]畫出下例句中的形容詞短語并指明構(gòu)成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.構(gòu)成形式: 副詞+形容詞（1）Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.（2）The road is long enough.（3）The medicine is good for stomach.三、副詞短語（Adverb Phrases）副詞短語:指以一個副詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語，在句中的功能相當于副詞，可以修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。常見副詞短語的構(gòu)成形式有:（副詞）+副詞如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在這里工作。（副詞短語here yesterday修飾動詞did）②Bill did the work very well.比爾做的這份工作很好。副詞短語very well修飾動詞did③We are all entirely responsible for our action（副詞短語all entirely, 修飾形容詞短語responsible for）
人教版高中地理必修1宇宙中的地球教案
從質(zhì)量、體積、平均密度、公轉(zhuǎn)與自轉(zhuǎn)周期等各方面，地球沒有一項是最大值或最小值，這說明地球僅僅是太陽系中一顆最普通不過的一顆行星。2、地球又是一顆特殊的行星。問題 ：為什么？因為地球是目前我們已知的唯一存在生物，特點是存在高級智慧生物的天體。問題：為什么地球上會存在生命？原因：（1）地球所處的宇宙環(huán)境來說：地球處于一種相對安全的宇宙環(huán)境。例：A、九大行星公轉(zhuǎn)的同向性、同面 性、及公 轉(zhuǎn)軌道的近圓性。B 太陽光照條件的穩(wěn)定性。從地球產(chǎn)生到地球上有生物，幾十億年期間，太陽 沒有明顯的變化，地球所處的光照條件一直較穩(wěn)定，生命演化沒有中斷。（2）地球自身的物質(zhì)條件：例：A 日地距離適中，形成了適宜的溫度：日地距離適中，地球表面平均溫度15度，適合生物的生存。（擴展：地球自轉(zhuǎn)速度適中，大氣層的保溫效應）B 地球質(zhì)量與體積適中，使地球有了適合的大氣條件。C 原始海洋的形成 ：使 生命的出現(xiàn)成為可能。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading for Writing教案二
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading and Thinking教案一
The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading For Writing教案一
1. 標題首先根據(jù)海報的特點、格式寫明標題。海報中往往把內(nèi)容作為大標題。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海報其正文部分的側(cè)重點不同。對于介紹性的海報, 首先要引出話題, 其次列出原因, 最后是總結(jié)。對于宣傳類的海報, 要寫明具體內(nèi)容, 如: 活動內(nèi)容, 地點以及參加活動的注意事項, 主持或舉辦單位等。1. 圖片: 要選擇引人注目的圖片, 與主題要相關(guān), 色彩明亮。話題句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我國的國寶。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上僅現(xiàn)存幾千只熊貓。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因為人類的活動, 老虎處于瀕危的狀態(tài)。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生動物面臨著滅絕的危險。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施來保護它們。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人們應該提高保護野生動物的意識。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃驚, 目前中國僅有不足1 000只江豚。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
2．表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的被動動作(該動作在說話的瞬間未必正在進行)。Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.(說話時，并不一定正在進行)3．表示一種經(jīng)常性的被動行為，常和always，constantly 等表示頻度的副詞連用，這種用法常常帶有贊揚或厭惡的感情色彩。He is always being praised by the leader.4．表示按計劃或安排主語將要承受謂語動詞所表示的動作(僅限于少數(shù)及物動詞)。A party is being held tonight.Step 4 Special cases1.像take care of, look after, talk about, think of等動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語用于現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)時, 其中的介詞不可省略。The ways to stop illegally hunting are being talked about. 2．可與部分情態(tài)動詞連用，表示對正在發(fā)生的事情的推測。She may be being punished by her mother.3．有時可表示按計劃或安排將要進行的一個被動動作。A celebration is being held this weekend for his success.4．某些表示“狀態(tài)、心理活動、存在”等的動詞，如have，want，need，love，一般不用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)，而常用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。With the population increasing，more land is needed.5．“be＋under/in＋n.”可表示現(xiàn)在進行時的被動意義。My computer is under repair.＝My computer is being repaired.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Discovering Useful Structure教案一
The activity topic of this section is "report an ongoing event", and the structure is the passive voice of present continuous tense. Rare wild animals are suffering from large-scale poaching, and species are on the brink of danger. Rescue operations are underway. "Being" and "suffering" are the meanings of the present progressive passive voice.The usage of present progressive passive voice is of great importance in writing a good discourse and appreciating some difficult language items, so it is vital to master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Motivate Ss to deepen the understanding of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a fixed context.2. Enable Ss to master the usage of present progressive passive voice and use it flexibly in a context.3. Lead Ss to construct sentences or appreciate sentences used master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper usage of present progressive passive voice.Look at the picture and tell me what are workers doing? What is the house being done?
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教案
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.” Due to the continuous deterioration of the living environment, a large number of wild animals are always facing the threat of endangered or extinction. Listening and speaking period enables students to understand the fact and reason why wild species are disappearing from the earth at an amazing speed, and realize that human beings ought to enhance the awareness of protecting wild species as soon as possible.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of " how to help wildlife in Ss’ neighborhood.". Now there are many volunteers who spontaneously protect wild animals, carry out various activities according to local conditions, and contribute their own strength to local animal protection with practical actions. Middle school students are also enthusiastic participants. They organize activities in their spare time, and take this opportunity to make friends, broaden their horizons, cultivate team spirit and communication skills. This section describes a bird watching activity organized by several middle school students of Bird watching Club. It aims to stimulate students' interest, improve their understanding of bird watching activities, and use the language structure of “being used for; in order to, so as to, to, so that, in order that ” to express the purpose for communication and discussion.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of using visuals to predict content.2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I am concerned about…” “what do you know about the endangered animals in…" and so on to talk about one of the endangered animals.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Listening and Speaking教案
This lesson is about wildlife protection. The listening and speaking is about “How to protect endangered wildlife ?” Faced with the facts and numbers of wildlife loss, people begin to detect the reasons, then people such as the celebrities (Prince William and Yao Ming) are calling on to protect them. So students are guided to enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife and try to take part in some volunteer activities of protecting wildlife.1. Predict the content by using visuals. 2. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?3. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.5. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.1. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.2. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.3. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?4. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.Part A Listening and Speaking--- How to save endangered wildlifeStep 1 Lead in1. Point at the pictures on P14 and ask Q1: What message do these posters share?
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading and Thinking教案二
The theme of this unit is human and nature, focusing on the theme of wildlife protection. Nature is a complex ecosystem, in which there are delicate balance between animals and plants. Because of the role of the food chain, the extinction of one species will produce influence, causing a series of chain reaction. Large scale extinction of species will have a serious and even irreversible impact on the ecosystem, resulting in immeasurable losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect wild species. To protect wild species is to protect human beings themselves. The motto of this unit is "when the buying stops, the killing can too,” which is a public service advertising slogan to protect wildlife. It tells people that every rhinoceros horn, every fur, every bowl of shark fin soup, every Ivory product, and every tiger bone product, etc. consumed by human beings, are innocent wild animals slaughtered behind them. The mission of wild aid is to ban illegal trade in endangered wildlife and mitigate climate change. It aims to educate the public to reduce the consumption demand for endangered wildlife products through public publicity and improve the awareness of environmental protection.1. Improve the awareness of wildlife protection by acquiring the knowledge of wildlife protection.2. Focus on environmental protection and protection of all lives.3. Analysis of the living environment of wild animals with appropriate thinking mode.4. Skillfully use the vocabulary and grammar knowledge of this unit to cultivate self-study ability according to the unit content5. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion and other ways1. Enable the Ss to talk about the current situation of wild animals.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.
人教版高中政治必修1影響價格的因素教案
（2）、價值規(guī)律 教師總結(jié)：通過這一節(jié)的學習我們明白了一個道理：商品的價值量由生產(chǎn)商品的社會必要勞動時間決定，商品交換以價值量為基礎(chǔ)實行等價交換。這一經(jīng)濟原則就叫做價值規(guī)律。受供求關(guān)系影響，商品價格圍繞價值上下波動，是價值規(guī)律要求發(fā)生作用的具體表現(xiàn)。（3）、價格圍繞價值上下波動是價值規(guī)律的表現(xiàn)形式（三）課堂總結(jié)、點評 本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述的主要知識如下：1、氣候、時間、地域、生產(chǎn)、習俗等因素會改變供求關(guān)系狀況，供求關(guān)系變化影響價格變動，形成賣方市場和買方市場。2、商品價格由價值決定，價值量與社會必要勞動時間成正比，與勞動生產(chǎn)率成反比。3、商品價格由價值決定，并受供求關(guān)系影響，在二者共同作用下形成市場價格。4、社會必要勞動時間決定商品價值量，商品交換以價值量為基礎(chǔ)實行等價交換，是價值規(guī)律的基本內(nèi)容，價格圍繞價值上下波動是價值規(guī)律的表現(xiàn)形式。