1、外匯與外幣的關系:(1)外匯包括外幣,但外匯不等于就是外幣。外幣是指外國的貨幣,包括外國的紙幣、鑄幣;外匯通常是以外國貨幣表示的用于國際間結算的支付手段,具體包括外幣、外幣有價證券、外幣支付憑證等。(2)外幣屬于外匯的范圍,但不能把二者等同起來。通常情況下,只有可以自由兌換的外幣才是外匯,因為外匯的實質是國際支付手段,如果某種貨幣不能自由兌換,它就不能成為國際支付手段。外匯執(zhí)行的 主要是貨幣的支付手段的職能。(3)持有外匯意味著對外匯發(fā)行國擁有債權。持有外匯過多,一方面意味著國際支付能力強和有可能對外匯發(fā)行國施加影響;另一方面則意味著大量該由本國享受的資源,被借給外國利用,并要承擔外匯貶值的風險。2、關于幣值變化的分析:(1)對貨幣升值的具體分析:一個國家的貨幣升值(上?。┖螅康倪@種貨幣能比以前換 取更多的他國貨幣,買到更多的他國商品。
(一)、生活中的文化傳播◇課堂探究:(1)旅游歸來,介紹異國他鄉(xiāng)的風俗人情、奇聞趣事;闔家團聚,高談闊論各自的所見所聞;獨居一室,打開收音機收聽節(jié)目……這些現象具有哪些共同特點?生活中還有哪些現象屬于文化傳播?(2)你能歸納出文化傳播主要有哪幾種方式嗎?◇探究提示:(1)這些現象都屬于文化傳播,通過這些活動傳遞知識、信息、觀念、情感和信仰等。生活中朋友聚會、參加娛樂活動、在家上網看電視等,都屬于文化傳播。(2)文化傳播主要方式有:商業(yè)活動、人口遷徙、教育、文化娛樂活動等。1.文化傳播的含義文化交流的過程,就是文化傳播的過程。那么何為文化傳播?人們通過一定的方式傳遞知識、信息、觀念、情感和信仰,以及與此相關的所有社會交往活動,都可視為文化傳播。
另一方面,文化素質影響公民政治權利的行使。隨著民主和法制建設的發(fā)展,人們?yōu)榱藚⑴c政治生活,需要更高的文化素養(yǎng)。文化水平提高了,人們受到的教育、接受的信息就越多,活動的領域就越廣,民主法制和權利意識就越強,這些都會影響人們的民主素質和民主水平,使人們更好地進行政治參與,行使民主權利。(2)文化與國際政治相互交融,成為當代國際政治斗爭的重要內容。隨著世界多極化的發(fā)展,奉行霸權主義的國家,借助文化滲透的方式,竭力推銷自己的價值觀念,企圖削弱和取代別國的民族文化,以推行強權政治。這使世界范圍內反對文化霸權主義的斗爭,成為當代國際政治斗爭的重要內容。文化已經成為進行政治斗爭、國際斗爭的重要形式之一。對文化市場的爭奪不僅僅是爭奪票房價值、爭奪經濟效益,更主要的是對受眾對象的爭奪,對受眾注意力這種特殊的稀缺資源的占有,以及在此基礎上對輿論的控制與引導。因此,失去文化市場就意味著失去政治優(yōu)勢,意味著政治影響力的邊緣化乃至萎縮或喪失。這一點,從目前世界正在進行的空前規(guī)模的“文化戰(zhàn)爭”,可以看得非常清楚。
◇小辭典:綠色閱讀隨著知識經濟時代的到來,全球化信息浪潮正鋪天蓋地席卷而來。尤其足隨著我國加入世貿組織由夢想變?yōu)楝F實,同國外進行頻繁而廣泛的經濟文化交流,在所難免。在大量文化信息面前,就像物質生活中倡導綠色食品一樣,對于精神食糧,也應該倡導綠色閱讀。綠色閱讀,是一種無污染的有利于人健康文明生活的閱讀。文化就像大自然那種綠色帶給我們永久愉悅一樣,它是高科技競爭中源源不斷地給我們充電的高效營養(yǎng)庫,是一個沙漠中穿行人身心交瘁時望到的一片綠洲,是一個人葆有的、沒有受到任何污染的、永遠都清如許的“半畝方塘”?!笳n堂練習:在我國,必須大力倡導“愛國守法、明禮誠信、團結友善、勤儉自強、敬業(yè)奉獻,的基本道德規(guī)范。這些基本道德規(guī)范()①是我國社會主義文化建設的重要內容②是我國社會主義社會的重要特征③是我國社會主義道德的重要體現④是社會主義經濟建設的唯一精神動力
3、聯邦制的弊端:(1)、效率不高:(2)、集團分享權力,維護資產階級的利益,不顧人民要求。在美國實行聯邦制的二百多年問,聯邦制的弊端也顯露無遺。美國聯邦制的最大問題是效率不高,聯邦政府與州政府之間相互扯皮、推諉,各州政府之間各自為政。全國性資產階級利益集團與地方性資產階級利益集團分享權力,對于廣大人民群眾的要求,資產階級則利用國家結構形式的特點相互推卸責任。當大多數資產階級利益集團意見接近時,聯邦制既能保護州的靈活性,又能保證中央的權威;當資產階級利益集團之間矛盾重重時,聯邦制就處于低效運轉之中。相關鏈接:1954年,美國最高法院在一項判決中宣布,公立學校實行種族隔離、拒絕黑人入學是違反憲法的。這一裁決引起南方一些州的抵制,一些州竟以暴力阻止黑人進入公立學校。
①含義:即國家管理形式,是國家政權的組織形式②政體的必要性和重要性A、行使職能B、維護其根本利益掌握國家政權的階級為實現政治統治、行使社會管理職能,必然要采取某種形式組織政權機關。統治階級為維護其根本利益,總是力求采用最有效的政權組織形式。3、國體與政體的關系(板書)(1)、政體的多樣性(2)、國體與政體的關系①國體決定政體,并通過一定的政體來體現;政體體現國體,并服務于特定的國體。適當的政體能夠鞏固國體,不適當的政體會危害國體。補充:政體由國體決定并反映國體,國體是主要的方面。但是,政體也具有一定的獨立性,影響它形成的因素主要有:歷史條件、階級力量對比、傳統習慣、國際環(huán)境影響等。②專政政體國體與政體,即是國家制度中內容與形式兩個方面(3)從國體、政體兩個方面看民主制國家補充:專政即是主要依靠暴力實行的統治,它與民主相對立,屬于國體的范疇,而專制則與法制相對立,屬于政體的范疇。
中國加人世貿組織承擔的義務主要包括:進一步降低關稅;取消非關稅貿易壁壘;取消被禁止的出口補貼;開放國內市場,特別是服務市場;擴大對知識產權的保護范圍;放寬和改善外資政策;增加貿易政策的透明度等。履行這些義務對中國提出了挑戰(zhàn)。中國加入世貿組織后,享受多邊、無條件、穩(wěn)定的最惠國待遇和國民待遇;參與世貿組織各機構的所有會議;參與貿易政策審議,對貿易伙伴的貿易政策進行質詢和監(jiān)督;利用世貿組織的爭端解決機制解決貿易糾紛;參與新一輪多邊貿易談判,制定多邊貿易規(guī)則;享受發(fā)展中國家特有的權益。②意義:中國正充分行使這些權利,積極主動地參與、加強和發(fā)展多邊貿易體制,推動建立公平、合理的國際經濟新秩序,維護國家利益。相關鏈接:2005年7月.中國倡議的WTO小型部長級會議在大連召開,世貿組織總干事和三十多個成員的代表出席會議。
一、教材分析《意識的本質》是人教版高中政治必修四第5章第1框的教學內容,主要學習意識是客觀存在的反映。二、 教學目標1.知識目標:識記意識的本質;理解意識是物質世界長期發(fā)展的產物、意識是人腦的機能、意識是客觀存在的反映。2.能力目標:通過對意識起源和本質的原理學習,使學生逐步確立辨證唯物注意的意識觀,具有正確認識意識現象、分辨物質和意識的界限、把握二者之間辨證關系的能力。3.情感、態(tài)度和價值觀目標:牢固樹立物質決定意識,意識對物質具有反作用的思想觀點,堅定辨證唯物主義的信仰。三、教學重點難點意識的本質四、學情分析本框題的內容比較簡單,主要是為學習第二框意識的作用作鋪墊和準備的,所以,教師在講這節(jié)課時不要在具體內容上花過多的時間。
1.知識目標:◇識記 :(1)自然界的物質性(2)物質的含義(3)人類社會的物質性◇理解:(1)世界的物質性(2)自然界是物質的,不是上帝和神創(chuàng)造的(3) 物質和具體的物質形態(tài)的區(qū)別和聯系(4)勞動創(chuàng)造了人和人類社會(5)人類社會是物質世界長期發(fā)展的產物◇分析:(1)聯系當前自然界中萬事萬物的發(fā)展變化,說明自然界的物質性 (2)聯系我國當前的社會改革以及社會發(fā)展的狀況,說明人類社會的物質性(3)用課本知識分析,世界是物質的世界,世界的真正統一性在于它的物質性2.能力目標:(1)通過學習,體會如何去理解一個哲學觀點,初步了解學習哲學的基本方法(2)通過學習、體會、分析與綜合的思維方法,提高分析問題的能力(3)通過收集和分析材料,培養(yǎng)收集材料和整理材料的能力3.情感、態(tài)度和價值觀目標:通過對本課的學習,能從世界本質問題上指出有神論的荒謬性,從根本上消除有神論的影響,初步樹立唯物主義的自然界、世界觀 三、教學重點難點重點:世界的物質統一性原理
(形容詞短語most beautiful的構成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語在句中作定語修飾名詞bird)④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能讓你真正高興的人。(形容詞短語really happy的構成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語在句中作賓語補足語)[即學即練]畫出下例句中的形容詞短語并指明構成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.構成形式: 副詞+形容詞(1)Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(2)The road is long enough.(3)The medicine is good for stomach.三、副詞短語(Adverb Phrases)副詞短語:指以一個副詞為中心構成的短語,在句中的功能相當于副詞,可以修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。常見副詞短語的構成形式有:(副詞)+副詞如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在這里工作。(副詞短語here yesterday修飾動詞did)②Bill did the work very well.比爾做的這份工作很好。副詞短語very well修飾動詞did③We are all entirely responsible for our action(副詞短語all entirely, 修飾形容詞短語responsible for)
【教材分析】The topic of this unit is about teenage life, which belongs to the theme context of “humans and oneself”.As teenagers who shoulder the responsibility of “Chinese great dream”, they must fully know themselves, including their strengths, weaknesses and challenges etc. They are supposed to improve themselves continuously and readily study their subjects, and thus foster their strategies and confidence in lifelong studies.This period is entitled the freshmen challenges, which mainly concerns some big challenges for new students in Senior high school. In this period, a teacher should lead students to find out what their challenges are and guide them to figure out how to crack the challenges and better themselves. More importantly, a teacher should instruct students to absorb new language points and appreciate the language. Besides, a teacher must instruct students to acquire some skills concerning reading efficiently and inspire them to talk more about their new school life, especially their new problems and solutions both at school and in life.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Enable students to acquire the basic usage of the new words and expressions concerning the freshmen challenges and learn to use them flexibly.2. Enable students to have a good understanding of the freshmen challenges in the new senior high school which is quite different from junior middle school.3. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 4. Develop students’ different learning skills to solve different reading comprehensive problems.
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with reading for writing a letter of advice. Students are expected to learn the knowledge about how to write a suggestion letter. The teacher is expected to enable students to master some writing skills concerning suggestion letters and learn to write one.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of how to write a suggestion letter properly.2. Enable students to use some writing skills flexibly.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.【教學重難點】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the skills of writing a suggestion letter2.How to enable students to write a good recommendation letter using some writing skills properly.【教學過程】Step 1: Lead in Begin the class with the lead-in questions: how to write a letter for advice? What kinds of aspects should be included? It is strongly recommended that the teacher should ask students to discuss the topic freely with their partners and brainstorm some ideas concerning the topic. In this way, students can come up with more ideas and avoid being nervous at the beginning of the class.Step 2: Read to discover details concerning advice letters’ writing style.The teacher is expected to ask students to read a letter offering some advice on page 18 silently and then request students to discuss the questions below.
(5)be to do (可以和具體的時間狀語連用)①表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。②用于時間、條件狀語從句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學生們將在學校大門口集會。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必須努力工作。(6)be about to do (不與具體的時間狀語連用) 表示即將要發(fā)生的動作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學年開學在即。(7)一般現在時表將來①表示按時間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。常限于表示位置移動的短暫性動詞。②在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現在時表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時刻表,快點!4026次航班的起飛時間是下午6點20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡很匆忙,因為去機場的火車半小時后出發(fā)。
無論她說什么都不會對我們的安排有影響。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母為孩子安排好一切,不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。4. extremely adv 極其,非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:瑪麗發(fā)現找工作極其困難。給你添了麻煩,我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的紅色車廂,結果證明它非常受大眾的歡迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking單句寫作:1. _______________ (你要說些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我們?yōu)檫@些事情做好了準備), we have nothing to worry about.
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下來的三天里,您可以在當地導游的陪同下,深入雨林進行探索,欣賞雨林特有的動植物。本句主體結構為spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人將石頭切割成精確的尺寸,僅僅憑著石頭間的完美契合,即可穩(wěn)固墻體。本句為so that引導的結果狀語從句。nothing與the perfect fit為并列成分; other than在句中意為“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型,因此旅游計劃也要根據不同的旅游目的進行設計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級,還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現在時代替一般將來時;3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時,不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
2. Sort out detailed information about Michael Jordan.(1) Understand the transitional sentence.Q: Which part is about Michael Jordan as a master? Which part is about the example he set?(2) Have the Ss Focus on why Michael Jordan is a master and what good examples Michael Jordan set when they’re reading. And think about these questions as below:Q1: How does the author describe his impressive skills?Q2: How do you understand “time seemed to stand still”?Q3: What does “graceful” mean?Q4. Which sentence do you think best describes his mental strength?Q5. Which words is important in the sentence in describing his mental strength? Why?Q6: How do you understand “unique”?Q7: What can we learn from Michael Jordan?Step 5 Discussing and recommendingRecommend their own living legends of sports.Work in groups to choose your own living legend of sports and give the reasons of your choice. Step 6 HomeworkReview the stories of Lang Ping and Michael Jordan, and try to retell them.
Then have them write a short paragraph to describe and explain their changes. After that, get the Ss to exchange their drafts with their partners and use the checklist to give feedback on their drafts, and finally revise it.Step 5 Summary of how to write a wellness book1.健康書的審題步驟:第一步:明確要求該寫作屬于經驗分享,故要用第一人稱來寫;時態(tài)以一股現在時為主。第二步:確定段落該類文章可以從以下三個方面人手:Para.1首先表明寫作的目的Para.2自己的做法及心得體會Para.3表示期望及感謝第三步:提煉要點2.健康書常見句式:1) It is an honor for me to share my favorite sport with you,2) It makes me feel relaxed playing with my friends.3) It makes me rid myself of stress while playing with my friends.4) Moreover, it provides me a valuable chance to communicate with others.5) I we eat too little or too much, or if we choose the wrong food, we may become sick.6) We can do something to change the poor situation.Step 6Homework假如你的老師讓你在班級Wellness Bok上分享自己的親身經歷及心得,請根據以下要點寫一篇80字左右的文章1. 你喜歡的運動是什么?2. 你最喜歡的原因是什么?3. 你參加鍛煉的體會。
①標題——標題應當簡潔明了。②導語——導語是消息開頭的第一段或第一句話,簡明扼要地揭示出消息的核心內容。③主體——主體是消息的主要部分,要用充足的事實表現主題,對導語的內容作進一步的展開和闡述。④結束語——通常是對全文內容進行概括性的總結。3. 新聞報道增分句子(1)陳述事實常用的句型:①A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..②It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.地震發(fā)生在一個涼爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌,道路被毀,許多人無家可歸。③With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.在救援隊的幫助下,困在洪水中的人們得救了。(2)陳述觀點常用的句型:①Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.顯然/在我看來/似乎人們震驚了。②The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.地震后整個城市成了一片廢墟。(3)揭示原因常用的句型:Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: the restrictive relative clauses.This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses.2. Enable students to use the restrictive relative clauses flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教學重難點】How to enable students to have a good understanding of the restrictive relative clauses, especially the uses of the relative words such as which, that, who, whom.【教學過程】Step1: 語法知識呈現定語從句(一)—關系代詞的用法在復合句中, 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句通常由關系代詞或關系副詞引導,說明事物的具體信息,從句位于被修飾詞之后。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,關系詞指代先行詞,并在定語從句中充當成分。關系詞有兩種:關系代詞who, whom ,whose, that, which, as和關系副詞when, where, why。