第三階段:分班交流論證,歸納整理成文在學生分組搜集整理資料的基礎之上,我們又以班級為單位由核心組成員組織資料交流并展開討論,共同歸納整理,集體完成《常熟建設現(xiàn)代農業(yè)科技園區(qū)可行性分析調查表》中的相關內容,交給各自的指導老師修改。第四階段:分片走進園區(qū),體驗總結反思我們本著“熟悉家鄉(xiāng)、就近考察”的原則把全年級的學生分成八組,分別到八個園區(qū)開展實地調查。組織他們聽園區(qū)領導或專業(yè)人員介紹園區(qū)的建設情況和遠景規(guī)劃,深入田間地頭和溫室大棚參觀園區(qū)生產裝備和農民勞動場景,開展園區(qū)勞動體驗,與園區(qū)農民交談等系列活動。要求大家在體驗勞動、收獲快樂的同時,對照《常熟現(xiàn)代化農業(yè)園區(qū)建設和發(fā)展情況調查表》的內容逐一展開討論并認真填寫。在此基礎上,我們又要求各片的同學認真反思每個園區(qū)在發(fā)展過程中還有哪些不夠完美的地方和需要改進的建議。
一、 教材分析與學情分析教材分析人民教育出版社普通高中課程標準實驗教科書必修2第七章第九節(jié)。本節(jié)內容安排在學習機械能守恒定律之后的目的,是為了使學生在理論上對機械能守恒定律有所了解的基礎上,通過實驗測量及對實驗數(shù)據(jù)的分析處理,對機械能守恒定律及條件有深刻的認識。學情分析知識層面:學生已經掌握了動能、重力勢能等概念以及動能定理、機械能守恒定律等定理、定律;知道功是能量轉換的量度以及機械能守恒的條件。能力層面:學生已具備一定的實驗操作技能,會用打點計時器以及直尺等實驗儀器。具備一定的數(shù)據(jù)處理能力。二、教學目標與重點、難點教學目標知識與技能:1、會用打點計時器打下的紙帶計算物體運動的速度。2、掌握驗證機械能守恒定律的實驗原理。
d.某物體沿直線向東運動,原來的速度是5m/s,2s后速度減小到3m/s,求2s內物體速度變化。④如何探究物體作勻速圓周運動時,在Δt時間內的速度變化?分析:有了同一直線上速度變化的鋪墊后,討論物體做勻速圓周運動速度的變化就比較自然了,為了給向心加速度方向的學習打好基礎,可以通過小組協(xié)作,進一步完成下列思考題,使同學們認識到:時間間隔起短,速度變化的方向起接近半徑方向。(多媒體屏幕投影)a.物體沿半徑為1m的軌道做勻速圓周運動,線速度大小為,求1s內物體速度變化并畫出1s內速度變化的示意圖。b.分別求出上題中物體在0.5s、0.25s內速度變化并畫出相應的示意圖。由于沒有辦法直接利用實驗來驗證速度變化的方向,所以,我們采用提供思考題的方法,引導同學在合作學習、自主探究中完成。有了速度變化的研究為鋪墊,加速度的方向問題就迎刃而解了。
一、教材分析行星的運動選自人教版普通高中物理必修2第六章第1節(jié)。本節(jié)教學既是前面《運動的描述》和《曲線運動》內容的進一步的延伸和拓展,又能為后面學習萬有引力定律做鋪墊。在本章中占有較為重要的地位,具有承前啟后的作用。同時該節(jié)內容也涉及大量物理史實、貼近學生生活和聯(lián)系社會實際的事實,可進一步培育學生的科學情感、精神和發(fā)展觀。(一)教學目標 1.知識與技能(1)知道地心說和日心說的基本內容。(2.)掌握理解開普勒三大定律的內容,并能應用。(3)理解人們對行星運動的認識過程是漫長復雜的,真理是來之不易的。2.過程與方法通過托勒密、哥白尼、第谷·布拉赫、開普勒等幾位科學家對行星運動的不同認識,了解人類認識事物本質的曲折性并加深對行星運動的理解。3.情感、態(tài)度與價值觀(1)澄清對天體運動神秘、模糊的認識,掌握人類認識自然規(guī)律的科學方法。(2)感悟科學是人類進步不竭的動力。
六、說教學反思由于本節(jié)內容抽象復雜, 插圖多, 涉及的物質種類也比較多,應要求學生做好課前預習。教學中,在處理主干知識和側枝內容的關系時,要做到合理分配時間,明確不同內容的教學要求。教師要注意將知識及時進行歸納、比較和總結。要讓學生了解各個知識點間的內在關系,又要能簡潔、清晰地概述轉錄和翻譯的過程。教師在備課時,一定要仔細分辨并揣摩插圖所表達的意思,并能將不同的插圖內容與教學流程有機地結合起來。在對插圖的處理上,還應分清主次和輕重。教材在呈現(xiàn)教學內容時,采用圖文并茂的方式來揭示轉錄與翻譯的動態(tài)過程。因此,教師不僅要利用插圖達到形象和直觀的教學效果,還應配合教材中的文字描述作深入淺出的講解,使文字信息與圖形信息結合起來,讓學生感知到基因的表達是一個多層次的、動態(tài)的、相互協(xié)調和配合的過程。盡可能利用多媒體課件進行教學。多媒體課件可以形象、生動地反映基因表達的過程,這是紙質教材難以做到的。
什么因素可以阻止種群間基因交流呢?由此可引出隔離的概念。學生初步理解隔離的概念之后,可以安排學生討論隔離的各種可能的方式,教師歸納出隔離的類型。然后組織學生閱讀分析教材中的“資料分析”,組織討論“資料分析”中提出的幾個問題。最后教師應強調,一般情況下,地理隔離是生殖隔離的先決條件,生殖隔離一旦形成,原來屬于一個物種的兩個種群,就成了兩個物種。關于“共同進化與生物多樣性的形成”內容的教學,可以學生自學為基礎,教師提出一些具有啟發(fā)性的問題,師生共同歸納總結的方式推進教學過程。使學生理解共同進化的含義,無機環(huán)境的變化、無機環(huán)境的復雜化和多樣化、有性生殖的出現(xiàn)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結構的復雜化和多樣化對生物多樣性形成的作用。最后,組織學生討論生物進化理論在發(fā)展。
一,說教材1. 教材的地位和作用本章課程的核心是介紹現(xiàn)代生物進化理論.生物進化理論的發(fā)展和其他科學理論的發(fā)展一樣,不是簡單的新理論對舊理論的否定和排斥,而是新理論對舊理論的修正,深入和擴展.從拉馬克的進化學說到達爾文的自然選擇學說,以及現(xiàn)代進化理論的由來,大體都走過了這樣的軌跡.這些應該成為處理本節(jié)教學內容的基本脈絡.本節(jié)內容包括:拉馬克的進化學說,達爾文的自然選擇學說和達爾文以后生物進化理論的發(fā)展,其中重點是達爾文的自然選擇學說.生物進化論不僅是生物學中具有重要地位的基礎理論,也是對人們的自然觀和世界觀有著重要影響的理論.學生通過本章內容的學習,不僅可以了解生物進化理論在達爾文之后的發(fā)展,進一步樹立生物進化的觀點和辯證唯物主義觀點,而且能夠通過學習進化理論的發(fā)展過程,加深對科學本質的理解和感悟.
二、誘變育種1、創(chuàng)設情境,引出課題 出示教具或圖片:一穗具有黃粒性狀的玉米。問題:怎樣利用現(xiàn)有的玉米品種培育出具有黑色性狀的玉米新品種呢?2、閱讀資料、討論研究 課前布置興趣小組同學搜集有關航天誘變育種的資料,并在此基礎上進行整理。這樣可以培養(yǎng)學生搜集并且整理資料的能力,并體會科學技術與人們生產生活的密切聯(lián)系。 學生閱讀生物興趣小組課前搜集的有關航天誘變育種問題的資料及教材P100得內容。以小組為單位討論回答有關誘變育種的有關問題,附:設置的問題:1、 新品種中有沒有產生新基因?2、空中誘發(fā)基因突變的條件有哪些?3、航天誘變育種有哪些優(yōu)點?4、地面上有哪些因素可以誘發(fā)生物體產生基因突變?5、誘變育種有哪些局限性?如何克服?以航天誘變育種為典型,解決誘變育種過程中遇到的相關問題。讓學生學會對已有知識進行應用。3、歸納總結,形成體系 通過以小組為單位的表達和交流,師生共同總結歸納,形成有關誘變育種的知識體系,提升學生對于知識的理解。
觀點一:沒有無義務的權利,也沒有無權利的義務;觀點二權利與義務是完全對等的。根據(jù)學生的回答,教師點撥歸納,一般來說,權利與義務是對等的,因為沒有義務的權利只能是特權,而沒有權利的義務只能是奴役,只有將權利與義務有機結合起來,才能構成一個符合社會發(fā)展要求的公民社會,在討論和思考中,使學生樹立正確的觀點,引導學生多方面、多角度地辯證認識權利與義務的關系。(3)個人利益和國家利益相結合的原則。引出汶川大地震中一些先進人物事跡,但另外也有一些人發(fā)國難財?shù)娜?,如黑心棉事件等,針對上述材料,請同學們談談自己的看法。引導學生理解國家和公民個人利益在根本上是一致的,當個人利益與國家利益發(fā)生矛盾時,個人利益要服從國家利益。通過案例分析,培養(yǎng)學生獲取信息的能力,自主學習的能力以及全面看問題的能力,再結合教師的講授,給學生一種茅塞頓開的感覺。
提問:結合課本找出城市地域結構模式的類型及各自特點,模式形成的因素又有哪些?學生回答,使其掌握基本模式及特點,通過對比,分析把握每一模式各自的特征,學會把握事物本質。◆設計意圖:閱讀課本,總結歸納,同時引導,通過原因規(guī)律的探究,大膽設想,總結規(guī)律掌握人文地理學習思路。4.活動設計:內部空間結構變化,結合實例,分析說明。提問:結合江寧區(qū)的變化,分析江寧區(qū)城市結構發(fā)生了哪些變化?結合課本24頁活動題,提出功能結構布局方案?通過理論聯(lián)系實際,讓學生更好理解理論,掌握城市結構布局的變化及其影響因素,通過活動題方案的提出,學生能夠掌握布局的規(guī)律性,解決問題。設計意圖:理論聯(lián)系實際,知識的不枯燥性,提高學生學習興趣。同時,能夠通過總結,深層次認識城市結構布局,活學活用。
◆設計意圖:培養(yǎng)學生獨立思考、合作學習的能力。分別說明市場、交通、勞動力、機械和政策對農業(yè)生產的影響,讓學生切實地考慮,拓展學生思路。教師激發(fā)和維持學生學習動機、引導學生、幫助學生自主發(fā)現(xiàn)、探索知識,達到鞏固所學知識,檢驗學生的實踐應用能力。D.分析教材,識別圖片,理解農業(yè)地域閱讀、分析教材,看圖識別,研究案例《澳大利亞地混合農業(yè)生產》、思考問題、解決問題◆設計意圖:圖片展示能清楚直觀地說明問題,通過案例分析,了解澳大利亞的混合農業(yè)生產,培養(yǎng)學生獨立思考問題、解決問題的能力,開拓學生思路。3.課堂小結:◆設計意圖:幫助學生回顧課堂、鞏固所學知識。4.反饋練習:◆設計意圖:知識與能力強化訓練,鞏固本課所學知識,提高應用能力。
在學生回答的基礎上進行歸納小結:發(fā)展城市公共交通? 明確道路分工? 合理規(guī)劃停車場? 減少出行距離? 錯開出行高峰? 加大城市道路建設? 進行科學合理的交通管理,重視智能交通系統(tǒng)的建設提問:這組同學在幻燈片中提到城市環(huán)境污染源主要有哪些?城市交通環(huán)境問題除了交通工具的尾氣排放帶來大氣污染外,還會給城市環(huán)境帶來什么問題?這組同學基本同意自行車多是加劇南京空氣污染的間接原因,你同意他們的觀點嗎?在學生回答的基礎上,教師進行歸納小結:自行車是一種綠色交通工具,既環(huán)保又經濟。只有當它在某些機動車和非機動車不分的地段,影響車輛行駛速度的時候,它才可能成為加劇空氣污染的間接原因。那么我們針對交通工具對環(huán)境造成的影響,除了這組同學提到的三點解決措施以外,我們還有什么要補充的解決方法嗎?
b.基于對農民工現(xiàn)象的認識以及資料2的分析,請同學辨證的分析出這一現(xiàn)象的利弊——分析問題,當然,這一部分內容還是要以學生自主學習、合作學習為主,但教師要給予一定的引導。c.最后,請同學討論,提出自己的意見和建議,應該怎樣解決農民工所面臨的問題——解決問題。這一部分要求學生提出自己的見解,不局限于書本,發(fā)揮自身的創(chuàng)造性思維。3.課堂小結:本節(jié)課作為問題研究課程,探討了我國現(xiàn)階段的農民工現(xiàn)象,了解了農民工生存的環(huán)境,以及體會了解決農民工問題的必要性和重要性,并通過合作探討,得出了一些列解決的方案。著重培養(yǎng)大家對于問題的綜合分析能力。增加大家對農民工現(xiàn)象的感性認識,希望大家運用所學知識關心現(xiàn)實社會中的問題,增強社會責任感,學以致用。
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調說Who,其意思是問,對方想讓誰在開場時致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結構:to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時,動詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
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