The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
Step 3 Meaning1. 過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語從句中。一般由“would/should +動詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來有一天他們能再見面。2. was/were going to+動詞原形: 表示過去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動作, 常用于口語中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來表示即將發(fā)生的動作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時間狀語連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來計劃做某事, 動作沒實現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說她本來想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動詞的過去進行時: 表示就過去某一時刻而言即將發(fā)生的動作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個朋友。
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說Who,其意思是問,對方想讓誰在開場時致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
當孩子們由父母陪同時,他們才被允許進入這個運動場。3.過去分詞(短語)作狀語時的幾種特殊情況(1)過去分詞(短語)在句中作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語時,相當于對應(yīng)的時間、條件、原因及讓步狀語從句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.從山頂上看,整個城市看起來更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多給十分鐘,我們會完美地完成這項工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的話深深地感動,她滿眼淚花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.盡管被警告了風暴的到來,但農(nóng)民們?nèi)栽谵r(nóng)場干活。(2)過去分詞(短語)在句中作伴隨、方式等狀語時,可改為句子的并列謂語或改為并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟著兩個學生,老師走進了房間。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母親陪著度過了一整個下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
You have no excuse for not going.你沒有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2.動詞ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動詞ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”構(gòu)成。動詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實際上是給動詞ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。動詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式:①形容詞性物主代詞+動詞ing②名詞所有格+動詞ing③代詞賓格+動詞ing④名詞+動詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎?無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我沒能按時來。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了,他很擔心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來給我們舉辦一場演唱會。
《望天門山》是唐代詩人李白途徑天門山時看到天門山的壯闊美景而詩興大發(fā),即興所作。頭兩句描寫山川氣勢。后兩句寫行船的感受。坐在小船上迎著陽光順流而下,感覺兩岸青山相對而來。詩歌通過對天門山景象和內(nèi)心體驗的描述,贊美了大自然的神奇壯麗,表達了樂觀豪邁的情感。《飲湖上初晴后雨》這首詩作者以生動傳神的筆墨描繪了西湖晴姿和雨姿的美好奇妙,?“晴方好”“雨亦奇”,是詩人對西湖美景的贊譽。詩的后兩句“欲把西湖比西子,淡妝濃抹總相宜”,詩人用奇妙而又貼切的比喻,寫出了西湖的神韻?!锻赐ァ愤x擇了月夜遙望的角度,把千里洞庭盡收眼底,抓住最具有代表性的湖光和山色,通過豐富的想象和形象的比喻,獨出心裁的把洞庭美景再現(xiàn)于紙上,表現(xiàn)出驚人的藝術(shù)功力,給人以莫大的藝術(shù)享受。 1.認識“亦、宜”等5個生字,讀準多音字“抹、磨”,會寫“斷、楚”等13個生字。2.有感情地朗讀并背誦課文。默寫《望天門山》。3.通過想象詩中描繪的景色,結(jié)合注釋,聯(lián)系上下文理解詩意與意境,體會詩人熱愛祖國山河的感情。4.通過朗讀感悟,激發(fā)學生對祖國山河的熱愛之情。 1.教學重點:能結(jié)合注釋,用自己的話說出詩句的意思,想象詩中描繪的景色。體會作者熱愛大自然,熱愛祖國山水的感情,感受詩歌美的意境。培養(yǎng)熱愛大自然、熱愛祖國的情感。2.教學難點:體會詩文的內(nèi)容,體會詩人的思想感情。 3課時
《司馬光》統(tǒng)編版教材三年級語文上冊第二單元的一篇精讀課文,也是小學階段安排的第一篇文言文,講述了一個廣為流傳的小故事,它以精練的筆觸,勾勒出一個機敏的七歲男孩的形象。“眾皆棄去,光持石擊甕破之”實為文眼,突顯了司馬光的聰穎機智,遇事沉著冷靜。全篇內(nèi)容簡單,言簡意賅,但故事情節(jié)完整。本課重點是能借助注釋,理解課文大意,并用自己的話講故事。初步感受文言文的特點,簡單說出文言文與現(xiàn)代文的區(qū)別。本文是中年級學生接觸的簡單的文言文,它猶如在孩子面前打開了一扇窗戶,鋪開了一條通道,讓他們穿越時空隧道,走近歷史先賢,在閱讀與思考中汲取古代優(yōu)秀文化的精髓,這將為培養(yǎng)學生學習古文的興趣,對于掌握學習古文的方法,為打好學習古文的基礎(chǔ)具有重要的地位和作用。為他們進一步了解祖國文化做好鋪墊,并對其一生文化素養(yǎng)的積淀起到非常關(guān)鍵的作用。 1.會認“司、跌”等5個生字,會寫“司、庭”等7個生字。2.把握好詞句間的停頓,能正確、流利地朗讀課文。背誦課文。3.借助注釋理解課文內(nèi)容,并能用自己的話講故事。4.掌握文言文學習的一般方法,培養(yǎng)學生對文言文的喜愛以及對傳統(tǒng)文化的熱愛之情。 1.教學重點:能借助注釋,理解課文大意,并用自己的話講故事。背誦課文。2.教學難點:通過學法遷移,讓學生能初步感悟小古文和其他課文在語言上的不同。 2課時
目的:1、讓幼兒學會仿編和解答4的加減應(yīng)用題。2、在生活情景中能根據(jù)水果卡片自編4的加減應(yīng)用題。準備:1、知識經(jīng)驗準備:請家長帶 幼兒去買東西,使幼兒了解一個買與賣的過程。2、物質(zhì)準備:準備各種水果卡片,人手4個替代物作錢。過程:一、以“幫農(nóng)民伯伯摘果子”引入?!靶∨笥眩麍@里的水果都成熟了,農(nóng)民伯伯想請你們幫他摘水果,你們愿意嗎?”(愿意)二、游戲“摘水果”。師交代游戲玩法和規(guī)則。三、分類活動:分水果。1、引導幼兒將自己所摘的水果跟同伴之間進行交流。2、交代任務(wù):將各種水果分別放在筐里。
2、作業(yè)認真,書寫工整規(guī)范,正確率高,由任課老師給以適當?shù)莫剟?; ?、早自習讀書聲音洪亮,朗朗上口,小組受到任課老師表揚的,獎小組1分; 4、背書、聽寫以篇數(shù)為單位,論難易度,給以2-5的獎勵; 5、單元考試成績,由各任課老師定標準,給以獎勵; 6、月考成績,總成績進線的,每人獎3分,年級前三名,每人獎20分,年級前10名,每人獎18分,年級前20名,每人獎16分,年級前30名,每人獎14分,年級前40名,每人獎12分,年級前50名,每人獎10分,年級前60名,每人獎8分,年級前70名,每人獎6分,年級前80名,每人獎4分,年級前90名,每人獎2分;年級前180名,每人獎1分;進步幅度超過5個或5個以上名次的,每周獎3分(以上獎勵不累計算,每周都獎)。
二、加分制度 1、參加校運會、歌詠比賽、朗誦比賽、演講比賽、書法比賽、英語競賽等校級比賽中獲獎的同學,一等獎加9分,二等獎加6分,三等獎加3分,第一名加9分,第二名加8分……以此類推,第九名加1分。若該賽事沒有評出具體的名次,則成績優(yōu)異者,酌情給分。 2、參加縣級、市級、省級舉辦的比賽,獲得獎項的同學,獲得分數(shù)分別為校級的兩倍、四倍、六倍。 3、每次月考,成績總分在年段前300名內(nèi),且成績退步不多于30個名次的同學各加5分;成績總分在年段排名中進步最大的5名同學各加5分;班級中,單科成績進步最大的2名同學各加2分?! ?、班級在板報評比中,獲得一等獎,參與出板報的同學各加5分;獲得二等獎,參與出板報的同學各加3分;獲得三等獎,參與出板報的同學各加1分。(擦洗后黑板的同學加1分) 5、在校文明班級的評比中,為班級加分的同學,(如為野草葉文學社投稿并被錄用,每篇加8分),酌情給分。 6、做有益于班級,有助于提升班級形象的事(比如拾金不昧、義務(wù)勞動等),酌情給分?! ?、為班級發(fā)展建言獻策,富有建設(shè)性且付諸實施的同學,酌情給分。
2、認識顏色標記,能按照顏色標記的提示,選擇相應(yīng)顏色的實物或給實物涂色。 3、樂意參加數(shù)學活動,能自己動腦完成操作活動。 活動準備: 教具:紅、黃、藍色的油畫棒,紅、黃、藍色的玩具若干,三個簍子,上面分別貼有紅、黃、藍標記。 學具:操作材料人手一份,紅、黃、藍色彩色筆或油畫棒。 活動過程: 一、 認識顏色及顏色標記?! ? 1、師:小朋友,你想當一名小畫家嗎?小畫家要用什么來畫畫呢? 2、師:小朋友你們認識這些畫筆的顏色嗎?老師來考考你們。(師出示紅、黃、藍三色油畫棒,帶領(lǐng)大家一起認識畫筆顏色。) 3、師:小朋友看!這是什么?這是顏色標記,你們認識這些顏色標記嗎?(師分別用紅黃藍畫筆在紙上畫顏色標記,引導幼兒認識紅色、黃色、藍色。)
活動名稱:復(fù)韻母ie授課教師:卡哇伊 活動目標:1,知道復(fù)韻母je的音、形以及四聲調(diào)。 2,能夠掌握標調(diào)規(guī)則,知道聲調(diào)標在e上。 3.愿意嘗試拼讀音節(jié),并組詞?;顒訙蕚洌簭?fù)韻母e及四聲調(diào)卡片各一張;音節(jié)卡片;若干聲母卡片;“果樹”一棵;筐子.活動重、難點:正確發(fā)出ie的音及四聲調(diào),拼讀音節(jié)。
一、優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境的特殊意義隨著經(jīng)濟全球化不斷推進,資源在全球、全國范圍內(nèi)進行配置的趨勢越來越明顯,人才、技術(shù)、資金、項目跨區(qū)域流動日益活躍,營商環(huán)境對一個國家或區(qū)域的發(fā)展越來越重要。優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境是堅持和完善中國特色社會主義制度,建立更加完善的市場經(jīng)濟體制,完善治理體系和提高治理效能的需要。在中國特色社會主義進入新時代,社會主要矛盾發(fā)生變化的背景下,為應(yīng)對世界百年未有之大變局為實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興,我們必須堅持和完善中國特色社會主義制度、推進國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。中共中央、國務(wù)院發(fā)布的《關(guān)于新時代加快完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的意見》強調(diào)“在更高起點、更高層次、更高目標上推進經(jīng)濟體制改革及其他各方面體制改革,構(gòu)建更加系統(tǒng)完備、更加成熟定型的高水平社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制”。按照這一要求,我們的營商環(huán)境還存在不少問題。必須處理好政府與市場關(guān)系、政府與社會關(guān)系、市場與社會關(guān)系,在關(guān)鍵性基礎(chǔ)性重大改革上有突破有創(chuàng)新,解放、創(chuàng)造和保護先進的生產(chǎn)力,重點完善產(chǎn)權(quán)制度和要素市場化配置,創(chuàng)新政府管理和服務(wù)方式,完善市場經(jīng)濟法律制度,以高水平的開放推動深層次市場化改革,實現(xiàn)“產(chǎn)權(quán)有效激勵、要素自由流動、價格反應(yīng)靈活、競爭公平有序、企業(yè)優(yōu)勝劣汰”的要求。這是建設(shè)一個好的市場經(jīng)濟體制,體現(xiàn)制度優(yōu)勢,完善國家治理體系,增強治理能力,提高治理效能的迫切需要。
在數(shù)學上,0這個數(shù)是解決記數(shù)和進位問題而引進的概念,由于它不能表示實在的東西,很長時間人們不把它看作是一個數(shù)。認為0是無,是對有的否定。從唯物辯證法的觀點看,這種否定不是形而上學的簡單否定,而是具有豐富內(nèi)容的辨證否定。辨證的否定是發(fā)展的環(huán)節(jié)。0是從無到有的必經(jīng)之路,是連接無和有的橋梁。0又是正數(shù)和負數(shù)之間的界限,它既否定了任何正數(shù),也否定了任何負數(shù),是唯一的中性數(shù)。但它又是聯(lián)結(jié)正數(shù)和負數(shù)的中間環(huán)節(jié)。沒有0,負數(shù)就過渡不到正數(shù)去,正數(shù)也休想發(fā)展到負數(shù)來。數(shù)學中的0是對任何定量的否定。如果沒有這一否定,任何量的發(fā)展都無從談起。這個否定不是一筆勾銷,而是揚棄。因為它克服了任何定量的有限性,成為其發(fā)展的環(huán)節(jié)。在現(xiàn)實生活中,0作為辨證的否定,也體現(xiàn)出聯(lián)系和發(fā)展的性質(zhì)。如0度不是沒有溫度,而是非常確定的溫度。