1、(1)黃筌為什么無法改動(dòng)吳道子的畫?(2)如果讓你改動(dòng)這幅畫,你會(huì)怎樣做?談?wù)勀愕目捶??!筇骄刻崾荆?1)吳道子的畫是一個(gè)整體,黃筌之所以無法改動(dòng)此畫就是因?yàn)楫嬛惺持笒豆硌凼钦嫷囊徊糠?,它的存在處于畫的被支配地位,只能服從和服?wù)于整幅畫。一旦改動(dòng),則失去了其整體的功能。(2)不改。因?yàn)檎w與部分又是辯證統(tǒng)一的。2、統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展,要跨出傳統(tǒng)的就農(nóng)業(yè)論農(nóng)業(yè)、就農(nóng)村論農(nóng)村的局限,站在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的全局角度,建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村。這是現(xiàn)階段解決“三農(nóng)”問題的基本立場(chǎng)和思維方法。這一基本立場(chǎng)和思維方法體現(xiàn)的唯物辯證法道理( )A.要注意系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化B.要著眼于事物的整體性C.要堅(jiān)持主觀和客觀的統(tǒng)一 D.要重視部分的作用,搞好局部解析:材料強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體的重要性,要求站在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的全局角度,統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展。A、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不符合題意。正確答案為B。
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Instruct students to get main facts by listening and motivate them to talk about the topics about how to prepare for the trip and make reservations by listening and ultimately can make travel arrangements and reservations. 2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 3. Develop students’ different listening skills to solve different listening comprehensive problems.4. Help students to understand how to use the structures “the present continuous tense (be doing) is used to express future plans.【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】1. Teach students how to focus on key words, not on single words or grammar.2. Prompt Ss to talk about the related topics, such as how to prepare for the trip and make a travel plan.【教學(xué)過程】Step 1: Listening and SpeakingLead inThe teacher is advised to talk with their students about the places that they want to travel most both at home and abroad: boys and girls, if you have a chance to travel around the world, where will you go? After their small talk, the teacher can move on by finishing the following listening task:Before travelling, what do we need to prepare for the trip?
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教學(xué)過程】Step1: 語法自主探究一、基本組成方法1.肯定式陳述部分+否定附加疑問部分(前肯后否) You often play badminton, don’t you? 你經(jīng)常打羽毛球,是嗎?You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房,是嗎?She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去過上海,是嗎?2.否定式陳述部分+肯定附加疑問部分(前否后肯) It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美麗的花,是嗎?You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天沒去滑冰,是嗎?They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他們不能在星期五之前完成,是嗎?
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動(dòng)詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動(dòng)。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
1. 表示時(shí)間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí), 如所提供的動(dòng)詞不能和句子中的主語保持一致, 動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語, 通常由名詞或代詞來?yè)?dān)任, 這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
1.生產(chǎn)功能:合成有機(jī)物的能力2.平衡功能:使自然地理要素的性質(zhì)保持穩(wěn)定的能力【教師講解】生產(chǎn)功能主要依賴于光合作用。在光合作用過程中,植物提供葉綠素,大氣提供熱量和二氧化碳,土壤及水圈、巖石圈提供水分及無機(jī)鹽。光合作用通過物質(zhì)和能量的交換,將生物、大氣、水、土壤、巖石等地理要素統(tǒng)一在一起,在一定的條件下,生產(chǎn)出有機(jī)物。由此可見,生產(chǎn)功能是自然環(huán)境的整體功能而非單個(gè)地理要素的功能。大氣本身不具有減緩二氧化碳增加的功能,但是,在自然地理環(huán)境中,通過各地理要素的相互作用,卻能消除部分新增的二氧化碳的能力,既為自然地理環(huán)境的平衡功能。請(qǐng)大家閱讀教材P94活動(dòng),利用平衡功能的原理,解釋一定范圍內(nèi)各物種的數(shù)量基本恒定這一現(xiàn)象?!緦W(xué)生討論回答】略。(可參考教參)【轉(zhuǎn)折】自然地理環(huán)境各要素每時(shí)每刻都在演化,如我們熟知的氣候變化、地貌變化等。各個(gè)要素的發(fā)展演化是統(tǒng)一的,一個(gè)要素的演化伴隨著其他各個(gè)要素的演化。
生1:加強(qiáng)對(duì)綠色食品的宣傳和扶持力度。當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)迫切要求我們發(fā)展綠色食品,因?yàn)榫G色食品是真正實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的,做到了發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境保護(hù)相結(jié)合,而且有利于增進(jìn)人民身體健康。但目前綠色食品在市場(chǎng)上難成氣候,主要是宣傳和扶持不夠。生2:綠色食品對(duì)環(huán)境、生長(zhǎng)過程、加工過程以及運(yùn)輸?shù)冗^程都有很嚴(yán)格的要求,很多環(huán)境相對(duì)優(yōu)良的地區(qū)都是邊遠(yuǎn)落后地區(qū),必須給予政策上的扶持和優(yōu)惠,才能降低成本,市場(chǎng)發(fā)展前景才會(huì)更加廣闊?;顒?dòng)與探究對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐G色食品市場(chǎng)情況作調(diào)查并初步分析?;顒?dòng)的實(shí)施過程:1.確定調(diào)查研究的目標(biāo)并制定調(diào)查研究的計(jì)劃。市場(chǎng)調(diào)查要深入廣大消費(fèi)者,可以去市場(chǎng)上做調(diào)查,‘對(duì)象包括消費(fèi)者和經(jīng)營(yíng)者。形式可以是問卷,也可以是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采訪。弄清楚被調(diào)查者對(duì)綠色食品的態(tài)度,是否了解食用綠色食品的意義,是否懂得鑒別綠色食品等。對(duì)象力求涉及各個(gè)年齡段,多種職業(yè)。2.對(duì)問卷調(diào)查進(jìn)行整理、分析,得出結(jié)論。
1、 前提條件:①環(huán)境幾乎一樣的平原地區(qū),人口分布均勻2、 ②區(qū)域的運(yùn)輸條件一致,影響運(yùn)輸?shù)奈┮灰蛩厥蔷嚯x。城市六邊形服務(wù)范圍形成過程。(理解)a.當(dāng)某一貨物的供應(yīng)點(diǎn)只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)時(shí),為了避免競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、獲取最大利潤(rùn),供應(yīng)點(diǎn)的距離不會(huì)太近,它們的服務(wù)范圍都是圓形的。 b.在利潤(rùn)的吸引下,不斷有新的供應(yīng)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn),原有的服務(wù)范圍會(huì)因此而縮小。這時(shí),該貨物的供應(yīng)處于飽和。每個(gè)供應(yīng)點(diǎn)的服務(wù)范圍仍是圓形的,并彼此相切c.如果每個(gè)供應(yīng)點(diǎn)的服務(wù)范圍都是圓形相切卻不重疊的話,圓與圓之間就會(huì)存在空白區(qū)。這里的消費(fèi)者如果都選擇最近的供應(yīng)點(diǎn)來尋求服務(wù)的話,空白區(qū)又可以分割咸三部分,分別屬于三個(gè)離其最近的供應(yīng)點(diǎn)。[思考]①圖2.15中城市有幾個(gè)等級(jí)?②找出表示每一等級(jí)六邊形服務(wù)范圍的線條顏色?③敘述不同等級(jí)城市之間服務(wù)范圍及其相互關(guān)系?3、理論基礎(chǔ):德國(guó)南部城市4、意義:運(yùn)用這種理論來指導(dǎo)區(qū)域規(guī)劃、城市建設(shè)和商業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的布局。1、 應(yīng)用——“荷蘭圩田居民點(diǎn)的設(shè)置”。
學(xué)生探究案例:找出不同等級(jí)城市的數(shù)目與城鎮(zhèn)級(jí)別的關(guān)系、城鎮(zhèn)的分布與城鎮(zhèn)級(jí)別的關(guān)系并試著解釋原因。在此基礎(chǔ)上,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生一步步閱讀書上的閱讀材料,首先說明這是德國(guó)著名的經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)家克里斯泰勒對(duì)德國(guó)南部城市等級(jí)體系研究得出的中心地理論,他是在假設(shè)土壤肥力相等、資源分布均勻、沒有邊界的平原上,交通條件一致、消費(fèi)者收入及需求一致、人們就近購(gòu)買貨物和服務(wù)的情況下得出的理想模式。然后指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀圖2.14下文字說明,理解城市六邊形服務(wù)范圍形成過程。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生讀圖2.15,找出圖中城市的等級(jí)、每一等級(jí)六邊形服務(wù)范圍并敘述不同等級(jí)城市之間服務(wù)范圍及其相互關(guān)系,從而得出不同等級(jí)城市的空間分布規(guī)律,六邊形服務(wù)范圍,層層嵌套的理論模式。給出荷蘭圩田空白圖,讓學(xué)生應(yīng)用上面的理論規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)居民點(diǎn)并說出理由,再和教材上的規(guī)劃進(jìn)行對(duì)照。然后給出長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)城市分布圖和各城市人口數(shù),讓學(xué)生對(duì)這些城市進(jìn)行分級(jí),概括每一級(jí)城市的服務(wù)功能、統(tǒng)計(jì)每一等級(jí)城市的數(shù)目以及彼此間的平均距離,總結(jié)城市等級(jí)與服務(wù)范圍、空間分布的關(guān)系?
求函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)的策略(1)先區(qū)分函數(shù)的運(yùn)算特點(diǎn),即函數(shù)的和、差、積、商,再根據(jù)導(dǎo)數(shù)的運(yùn)算法則求導(dǎo)數(shù);(2)對(duì)于三個(gè)以上函數(shù)的積、商的導(dǎo)數(shù),依次轉(zhuǎn)化為“兩個(gè)”函數(shù)的積、商的導(dǎo)數(shù)計(jì)算.跟蹤訓(xùn)練1 求下列函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù):(1)y=x2+log3x; (2)y=x3·ex; (3)y=cos xx.[解] (1)y′=(x2+log3x)′=(x2)′+(log3x)′=2x+1xln 3.(2)y′=(x3·ex)′=(x3)′·ex+x3·(ex)′=3x2·ex+x3·ex=ex(x3+3x2).(3)y′=cos xx′=?cos x?′·x-cos x·?x?′x2=-x·sin x-cos xx2=-xsin x+cos xx2.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2 求下列函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)(1)y=tan x; (2)y=2sin x2cos x2解析:(1)y=tan x=sin xcos x,故y′=?sin x?′cos x-?cos x?′sin x?cos x?2=cos2x+sin2xcos2x=1cos2x.(2)y=2sin x2cos x2=sin x,故y′=cos x.例5 日常生活中的飲用水通常是經(jīng)過凈化的,隨著水的純凈度的提高,所需進(jìn)化費(fèi)用不斷增加,已知將1t水進(jìn)化到純凈度為x%所需費(fèi)用(單位:元),為c(x)=5284/(100-x) (80<x<100)求進(jìn)化到下列純凈度時(shí),所需進(jìn)化費(fèi)用的瞬時(shí)變化率:(1) 90% ;(2) 98%解:凈化費(fèi)用的瞬時(shí)變化率就是凈化費(fèi)用函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù);c^' (x)=〖(5284/(100-x))〗^'=(5284^’×(100-x)-"5284 " 〖(100-x)〗^’)/〖(100-x)〗^2 =(0×(100-x)-"5284 " ×(-1))/〖(100-x)〗^2 ="5284 " /〖(100-x)〗^2