思考:洗衣機(jī)脫水時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速高時(shí)容易甩干衣物,還是轉(zhuǎn)速低時(shí)容易甩干衣物?(2) 制作棉花糖的原理內(nèi)筒與洗衣機(jī)的脫水筒相似,里面加入白砂糖,加熱使糖熔化成糖汁。內(nèi)筒高速旋轉(zhuǎn),黏稠的糖汁就做離心運(yùn)動(dòng),從內(nèi)筒壁的小孔飛散出去,成為絲狀到達(dá)溫度較低的外筒,并迅速冷卻凝固,變得纖細(xì)雪白,像一團(tuán)團(tuán)棉花。5.離心現(xiàn)象的防止在水平公路上行駛的汽車,轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)所需的向心力是由車輪與路面的靜摩擦力提供的。如果轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)速度過(guò)大,所需向心力F大于最大靜摩擦力Fmax,汽車將做離心運(yùn)動(dòng)而造成交通事故。因此,在公路彎道處,車輛行駛不允許超過(guò)規(guī)定的速度。當(dāng)高速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的砂輪或者飛輪內(nèi)部分子間相互作用力不足以提供所需向心力時(shí),離心運(yùn)動(dòng)就會(huì)使他們破裂,甚至釀成事故。
知識(shí)與技能1.知道地心說(shuō)和日心說(shuō)的基本內(nèi)容.2.知道所有行星繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的軌道都是橢圓,太陽(yáng)處在橢圓的一個(gè)焦點(diǎn)上.3.知道所有行星的軌道的半長(zhǎng)軸的三次方跟它的公轉(zhuǎn)周期的二次方的比值都相等,且這個(gè)比值與行星的質(zhì)量無(wú)關(guān),但與太陽(yáng)的質(zhì)量有關(guān).4.理解人們對(duì)行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程是漫長(zhǎng)復(fù)雜的,真理是來(lái)之不易的.過(guò)程與方法通過(guò)托勒密、哥白尼、第谷·布拉赫、開(kāi)普勒等幾位科學(xué)家對(duì)行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的不同認(rèn)識(shí),了解人類認(rèn)識(shí)事物本質(zhì)的曲折性并加深對(duì)行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的理解.情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀1.澄清對(duì)天體運(yùn)動(dòng)裨秘、模糊的認(rèn)識(shí),掌握人類認(rèn)識(shí)自然規(guī)律的科學(xué)方法.2.感悟科學(xué)是人類進(jìn)步不竭的動(dòng)力.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)理解和掌握開(kāi)普勒行星運(yùn)動(dòng)定律,認(rèn)識(shí)行星的運(yùn)動(dòng).學(xué)好本節(jié)有利于對(duì)宇宙中行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí),掌握人類認(rèn)識(shí)自然規(guī)律的科學(xué)方法,并有利于對(duì)人造衛(wèi)星的學(xué)習(xí).
猜想:既然物體下落過(guò)程中的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況與物體質(zhì)量無(wú)關(guān),那么為什么在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,不同物體的落體運(yùn)動(dòng),下落快慢不同呢?我們能否猜想是由于空氣阻力的作用造成的呢?如果沒(méi)有空氣阻力將會(huì)怎樣呢?學(xué)生討論后回答.三、猜想與假說(shuō)伽利略認(rèn)為,自由落體是一種最簡(jiǎn)單的變速運(yùn)動(dòng).他設(shè)想,最簡(jiǎn)單的變速運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度應(yīng)該是均勻變化的.但是,速度的變化怎樣才算均勻呢?他考慮了兩種可能:一種是速度的變化對(duì)時(shí)間來(lái)說(shuō)是均勻的,即經(jīng)過(guò)相等的時(shí)間,速度的變化相等;另一種是速度的變化對(duì)位移來(lái)說(shuō)是均勻的,即經(jīng)過(guò)相等的位移,速度的變化相等.伽利略假設(shè)第一種方式最簡(jiǎn)單,并把這種運(yùn)動(dòng)叫做勻變速運(yùn)動(dòng).四、實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證是檢驗(yàn)理論正確與否的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn).任何結(jié)論和猜想都必須經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,否則不成理論.猜想或假說(shuō)只有通過(guò)驗(yàn)證才會(huì)成為理論.所謂實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證就是任何人,在理論條件下去操作都能到得實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,它具有任意性,但不是無(wú)條件的,實(shí)驗(yàn)是在一定條件下的驗(yàn)證,而與實(shí)際有區(qū)別.
四、速度和速率學(xué)生閱讀教材第18頁(yè)相應(yīng)部分的知識(shí)點(diǎn),讓學(xué)生總結(jié).生:速度既有大小,又有方向,是矢量,速度的大小叫速率,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生看教材第18頁(yè)圖1.3—2.觀察汽車的速度計(jì),討論后說(shuō)出你從表盤(pán)上獲取的有用信息。生:汽車的速率.指針指在相應(yīng)數(shù)字的瞬間,就表示汽車在那一瞬時(shí)的速率是那個(gè)值.生:還可以從表盤(pán)上直接讀出公里里程.師:日常生活中的“速度”有時(shí)指速度,也有時(shí)指速率,要看實(shí)際的物理情景。[討論與交流]甲、乙兩位同學(xué)用不同的時(shí)間圍繞操場(chǎng)跑了一圈,都回到了出發(fā)點(diǎn),他們的平均速度相同嗎?怎樣比較他們運(yùn)動(dòng)的快慢?學(xué)生討論,體驗(yàn)平均速度的缺陷,引入平均速率。生1:位移都是零,平均速度等于位移跟發(fā)生這段位移所用時(shí)間的比值,所以他們的平均速度都是零。生2:即使一位同學(xué)站在原地不跑,他的平均速度也是零啊,可我們運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上不是這樣比快慢的,如果這樣,那多不公平啊?
生:還可以從表盤(pán)上直接讀出公里里程.師:日常生活中的“速度”有時(shí)指速度,也有時(shí)指速率,要看實(shí)際的物理情景。[討論與交流]甲、乙兩位同學(xué)用不同的時(shí)間圍繞操場(chǎng)跑了一圈,都回到了出發(fā)點(diǎn),他們的平均速度相同嗎?怎樣比較他們運(yùn)動(dòng)的快慢?學(xué)生討論,體驗(yàn)平均速度的缺陷,引入平均速率。生1:位移都是零,平均速度等于位移跟發(fā)生這段位移所用時(shí)間的比值,所以他們的平均速度都是零。生2:即使一位同學(xué)站在原地不跑,他的平均速度也是零啊,可我們運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上不是這樣比快慢的,如果這樣,那多不公平啊?師:平均速度v=Δx/Δt,甲、乙的位移都為零,所以他們的平均速度也都等于零.在這里平均速度無(wú)法顯示他們運(yùn)動(dòng)快慢的不同,要用到另一物理量:平均速率.平均速率等于物體運(yùn)動(dòng)通過(guò)的路程跟所用時(shí)間的比值.他們兩人通過(guò)的路程相同且都不為零,但所用時(shí)間不同.顯然用時(shí)短的運(yùn)動(dòng)得快,也就是平均速率大.生:這不是我們初中學(xué)過(guò)的速度嗎?
問(wèn):為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況,男女生之間的拉力存在著怎樣的大小關(guān)系?進(jìn)一步求證這兩個(gè)力的大小關(guān)系經(jīng)過(guò)共同討論,得方案:把兩個(gè)彈簧秤勾在一起,重現(xiàn)拔河比賽,分三種情況進(jìn)行。(通過(guò)攝像頭把彈簧秤的讀數(shù)放大)兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,處于靜止不動(dòng)時(shí)(即拔河比賽,雙方處于僵持狀態(tài))兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,并向一方運(yùn)動(dòng)(即比賽繩子被拉向一方時(shí)的狀態(tài))3、兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,一方方向慢慢改變(兩力方向始終在一條直線上)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論:兩彈簧稱的讀數(shù)的變化總是相同的,大小相等,方向相反。得到牛頓第三定律:追問(wèn):既然兩個(gè)力大小相等,那么拔河比賽為什么還存在勝負(fù)之分?講清作用力與反作用力作用的受力物體不同,并和學(xué)生討論如何做才會(huì)獲勝。回應(yīng)課前問(wèn)題:“以卵擊石”為什么雞蛋碎?
d.某物體沿直線向東運(yùn)動(dòng),原來(lái)的速度是5m/s,2s后速度減小到3m/s,求2s內(nèi)物體速度變化。④如何探究物體作勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),在Δt時(shí)間內(nèi)的速度變化?分析:有了同一直線上速度變化的鋪墊后,討論物體做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的變化就比較自然了,為了給向心加速度方向的學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ),可以通過(guò)小組協(xié)作,進(jìn)一步完成下列思考題,使同學(xué)們認(rèn)識(shí)到:時(shí)間間隔起短,速度變化的方向起接近半徑方向。(多媒體屏幕投影)a.物體沿半徑為1m的軌道做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng),線速度大小為,求1s內(nèi)物體速度變化并畫(huà)出1s內(nèi)速度變化的示意圖。b.分別求出上題中物體在0.5s、0.25s內(nèi)速度變化并畫(huà)出相應(yīng)的示意圖。由于沒(méi)有辦法直接利用實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證速度變化的方向,所以,我們采用提供思考題的方法,引導(dǎo)同學(xué)在合作學(xué)習(xí)、自主探究中完成。有了速度變化的研究為鋪墊,加速度的方向問(wèn)題就迎刃而解了。
了解了第一宇宙速度及其意義之后,繼續(xù)提出問(wèn)題,讓學(xué)生思考:如果衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射速度大于第一宇宙速度7.9km/s ,會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況呢?先讓學(xué)生們大膽猜想,然后再向?qū)W生們介紹 衛(wèi)星發(fā)射速度大于第一宇宙速度后的幾種可能情況,引出第二宇宙速度和第三宇宙速度,讓學(xué)生對(duì)第二、第三宇宙速度及其意義做定性了解。并通過(guò)演示Flash課件,幫助學(xué)生理解、加深學(xué)生印象。在學(xué)生對(duì)人造衛(wèi)星的原理及發(fā)射衛(wèi)星的速度條件有了初步了解后,接下來(lái)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)衛(wèi)星的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律作進(jìn)一步的探索。實(shí)際上衛(wèi)星并不是沿地表水平發(fā)射的,而是用火箭多次加速送到一定的高度的軌道后,再沿以地心為圓心的圓周的切線運(yùn)行的。讓學(xué)生繼續(xù)深入思考:衛(wèi)星在不同高度繞地球運(yùn)行時(shí)的速度怎么求呢?將衛(wèi)星送入低軌道和高軌道所需的速度都一樣么?如果把不同軌道上的衛(wèi)星繞地球的運(yùn)動(dòng)都看成是勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用已學(xué)的萬(wàn)有引力和圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的相關(guān)知識(shí),探究衛(wèi)星繞地球的運(yùn)行規(guī)律。
一、 教材分析與學(xué)情分析教材分析人民教育出版社普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書(shū)必修2第七章第九節(jié)。本節(jié)內(nèi)容安排在學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械能守恒定律之后的目的,是為了使學(xué)生在理論上對(duì)機(jī)械能守恒定律有所了解的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量及對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的分析處理,對(duì)機(jī)械能守恒定律及條件有深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。學(xué)情分析知識(shí)層面:學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了動(dòng)能、重力勢(shì)能等概念以及動(dòng)能定理、機(jī)械能守恒定律等定理、定律;知道功是能量轉(zhuǎn)換的量度以及機(jī)械能守恒的條件。能力層面:學(xué)生已具備一定的實(shí)驗(yàn)操作技能,會(huì)用打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器以及直尺等實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器。具備一定的數(shù)據(jù)處理能力。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)與重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)與技能:1、會(huì)用打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器打下的紙帶計(jì)算物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度。2、掌握驗(yàn)證機(jī)械能守恒定律的實(shí)驗(yàn)原理。
[小結(jié)]師:下面同學(xué)們概括總結(jié)本節(jié)所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。請(qǐng)一個(gè)同學(xué)到黑板上總結(jié),其他同學(xué)在筆記本上總結(jié),然后請(qǐng)同學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)黑板上的小結(jié)內(nèi)容。 (學(xué)生認(rèn)真總結(jié)概括本節(jié)內(nèi)容,并把自己這節(jié)課的體會(huì)寫(xiě)下來(lái)、比較黑板上的小結(jié)和自己的小結(jié),看誰(shuí)的更好,好在什么地方。) 生:本節(jié)課我們通過(guò)伽利略理想斜面實(shí)驗(yàn),分析得出了能量以及動(dòng)能和勢(shì)能的概念,從能量的相互轉(zhuǎn)化角度認(rèn)識(shí)到,在動(dòng)能和勢(shì)能的相互轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中,能的總量保持不變,即能量是守恒的。通過(guò)這節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),使我們建立起了守恒的思想。 點(diǎn)評(píng):總結(jié)課堂內(nèi)容,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生概括總結(jié)能力。 教師要放開(kāi),讓學(xué)生自己總結(jié)所學(xué)內(nèi)容,允許內(nèi)容的順序不同,從而構(gòu)建他們自己的知識(shí)框架。[布置作業(yè)]課后討論 P3“問(wèn)題與練習(xí)”中的問(wèn)題。[課外訓(xùn)練]以豎直上拋的小球?yàn)槔f(shuō)明小球的勢(shì)能和動(dòng)能的轉(zhuǎn)化情況。在這個(gè)例子中是否存在著能的總量保持不變?
二、誘變育種1、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,引出課題 出示教具或圖片:一穗具有黃粒性狀的玉米。問(wèn)題:怎樣利用現(xiàn)有的玉米品種培育出具有黑色性狀的玉米新品種呢?2、閱讀資料、討論研究 課前布置興趣小組同學(xué)搜集有關(guān)航天誘變育種的資料,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行整理。這樣可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生搜集并且整理資料的能力,并體會(huì)科學(xué)技術(shù)與人們生產(chǎn)生活的密切聯(lián)系。 學(xué)生閱讀生物興趣小組課前搜集的有關(guān)航天誘變育種問(wèn)題的資料及教材P100得內(nèi)容。以小組為單位討論回答有關(guān)誘變育種的有關(guān)問(wèn)題,附:設(shè)置的問(wèn)題:1、 新品種中有沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生新基因?2、空中誘發(fā)基因突變的條件有哪些?3、航天誘變育種有哪些優(yōu)點(diǎn)?4、地面上有哪些因素可以誘發(fā)生物體產(chǎn)生基因突變?5、誘變育種有哪些局限性?如何克服?以航天誘變育種為典型,解決誘變育種過(guò)程中遇到的相關(guān)問(wèn)題。讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)已有知識(shí)進(jìn)行應(yīng)用。3、歸納總結(jié),形成體系 通過(guò)以小組為單位的表達(dá)和交流,師生共同總結(jié)歸納,形成有關(guān)誘變育種的知識(shí)體系,提升學(xué)生對(duì)于知識(shí)的理解。
我還運(yùn)用多媒體投影幻燈片給學(xué)生設(shè)置兩組相互對(duì)照的選項(xiàng),讓同學(xué)們根據(jù)幻燈片選擇:你贊同每組中那一種價(jià)值取向?一組是功名、進(jìn)取、高官、厚祿與自然、隱逸、本性、自由。另一組是科學(xué)、發(fā)展、強(qiáng)大、集中與詩(shī)意、和諧、柔弱、個(gè)體。經(jīng)過(guò)合作探究,討論解答,學(xué)生結(jié)合陶淵明的歸隱對(duì)第一組討論探究的應(yīng)該比較容易,而對(duì)第二組的理解探究會(huì)出現(xiàn)一定的難度,教師可以就學(xué)生的情感價(jià)值觀方面適當(dāng)?shù)慕o予點(diǎn)撥引導(dǎo):幻燈片上面的第二組文字通過(guò)對(duì)比,給我們提供了兩種價(jià)值取向,你是要通過(guò)科學(xué)、發(fā)展、強(qiáng)大和集中來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)遨游太空等童話,那就勢(shì)必會(huì)令我們放棄了詩(shī)意的童話,只關(guān)注工業(yè)的發(fā)展,城市面積的擴(kuò)大,鄉(xiāng)村田園必將減少 。你還是要維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡,保護(hù)一切的多樣性呢?我認(rèn)為詩(shī)意永遠(yuǎn)要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)科學(xué),梅羅和陶淵明就共同表達(dá)了八個(gè)字——詩(shī)意、和諧、柔弱和個(gè)體。你的本性在田園,當(dāng)我們身心疲憊時(shí),我們都需要一個(gè)心靈的家園,所以我希望大家無(wú)論做何選擇都能夠守住我們那片寧?kù)o、祥和的心靈家園。
1.這節(jié)課以實(shí)驗(yàn)為依據(jù),采用控制變量的方法進(jìn)行研究。這一方法今后在電學(xué)、熱學(xué)的研究中還要用到。我們根據(jù)已掌握的知識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)、探索規(guī)律是物體研究的重要方法。2.定義力的單位“牛頓”使得k=1,得到牛頓第二定律的簡(jiǎn)單形式F=ma。使用簡(jiǎn)捷的數(shù)學(xué)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)物理規(guī)律是物理學(xué)的特征之一,但應(yīng)知道它所對(duì)應(yīng)的文字內(nèi)容和意義。3.牛頓第二定律概括了運(yùn)動(dòng)和力的關(guān)系。物體所受合外力恒定,其加速度恒定;合外力為零,加速度為零。即合外力決定了加速度,而加速度影響著物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況。因此,牛頓第二定律是把前兩章力和物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體,其中的紐帶就是加速度。四、評(píng)價(jià)方案及說(shuō)明1、對(duì)科學(xué)知識(shí)與技能的評(píng)價(jià)要注重科學(xué)內(nèi)容的理解與應(yīng)用,而不是單純記憶。技能的評(píng)價(jià)目標(biāo)包括觀察技能、實(shí)驗(yàn)技能等方面。對(duì)科學(xué)的技能的評(píng)價(jià)要盡量融合在科學(xué)探究過(guò)程的情景中。對(duì)科學(xué)知識(shí)的評(píng)價(jià)主要從兩方面,一是根據(jù)學(xué)生診斷性練習(xí);二是通過(guò)學(xué)生作業(yè)反映學(xué)生掌握情況。
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.
From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.
Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?
1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;
2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作(該動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話的瞬間未必正在進(jìn)行)。Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.(說(shuō)話時(shí),并不一定正在進(jìn)行)3.表示一種經(jīng)常性的被動(dòng)行為,常和always,constantly 等表示頻度的副詞連用,這種用法常常帶有贊揚(yáng)或厭惡的感情色彩。He is always being praised by the leader.4.表示按計(jì)劃或安排主語(yǔ)將要承受謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作(僅限于少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞)。A party is being held tonight.Step 4 Special cases1.像take care of, look after, talk about, think of等動(dòng)詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí), 其中的介詞不可省略。The ways to stop illegally hunting are being talked about. 2.可與部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用,表示對(duì)正在發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)。She may be being punished by her mother.3.有時(shí)可表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。A celebration is being held this weekend for his success.4.某些表示“狀態(tài)、心理活動(dòng)、存在”等的動(dòng)詞,如have,want,need,love,一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。With the population increasing,more land is needed.5.“be+under/in+n.”可表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)意義。My computer is under repair.=My computer is being repaired.