【教學(xué)過程】一、從實(shí)際情景入手,引入新知,使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)在具體情景中用數(shù)對(duì)確定位置1.談話引入。今天有這么多老師和我們一起上課,同學(xué)們歡迎嗎?老師們都很想認(rèn)識(shí)你們。咱們先來給他們介紹一下我們班的班長,可以嗎?2.合作交流,在已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上探究新知。(1)出示要求:以小組為單位,想一想,可以用什么方法表示出班長的位置,把你的方法寫或畫在紙上。匯報(bào):班長的位置在第4組的第三個(gè),他在從右邊數(shù)第二組的第三排…哪個(gè)小組也用語言描述出了班長的位置?請班長起立,他們的描述準(zhǔn)確嗎?剛才同學(xué)們的描述有什么相同和不同?(都表示的是班長的位置,有的同學(xué)說第幾組,第幾行,第幾排……)看來在日常生活中,我們可以用組、排、行、等多種方式,還可以從不同的方位來描述物體的位置。為了我們在確定位置的時(shí)候語言達(dá)成一致,一般規(guī)定:豎排叫列,橫排叫行。
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)理念:英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確指出,學(xué)生的發(fā)展是英語課程的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和歸宿。小學(xué)英語課的主要目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用英語做事情的能力,同時(shí)重視學(xué)科內(nèi)容的有效融合。新課程提倡任務(wù)型教學(xué),讓學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下通過感知、體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐、參與和合作等方式完成教學(xué)目標(biāo)。本著這一理念,我在設(shè)計(jì)本課時(shí)從激發(fā)和保持學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣入手,精心創(chuàng)設(shè)生活化語言情景,開展豐富多彩的活動(dòng),讓學(xué)生在我的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行語言交流,感受用英語交流的樂趣和成功感,從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用英語進(jìn)行交流的能力。教學(xué)目標(biāo):1. 情感目標(biāo):關(guān)注學(xué)生的內(nèi)在需要,在活動(dòng)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的協(xié)作精神和競爭意識(shí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的積極情感態(tài)度。2. 知識(shí)目標(biāo):能運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言進(jìn)行交流。3. 能力目標(biāo):通過本課的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能在實(shí)際生活中用英語進(jìn)行問候;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在課堂上進(jìn)行自主評(píng)價(jià)的能力;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生根據(jù)情景猜測語義和在嘗試中自我修正的學(xué)習(xí)策略。
4 課堂評(píng)價(jià) (Assessment) (1)做活動(dòng)手冊本單元第3、4、5 部分的練習(xí)。練習(xí)3是檢測學(xué)生的詞匯掌握情況。教師可以讓學(xué)生組成兩人組進(jìn)行看詞快說的比賽,說對(duì)一個(gè)詞涂一朵小花,比誰的花多。練習(xí)4是讓學(xué)生看詞涂色,說說兩種顏色的結(jié)合會(huì)變成什么顏色,并將第3種顏色涂在圈中。教師可以給學(xué)生做一個(gè)示范,然后再讓學(xué)生動(dòng)手實(shí)踐。此練習(xí)是機(jī)動(dòng)性練習(xí),教師可根據(jù)時(shí)間分配情況靈活安排。練習(xí)5 是讓學(xué)生將句子和相對(duì)應(yīng)的圖連線,教師可以先讓學(xué)生看圖,猜圖上人說的話,然后再連線。此練習(xí)是檢測學(xué)生對(duì)句子的整體認(rèn)讀能力,不需要學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)句子中的每個(gè)單詞。練習(xí)后,根據(jù)學(xué)生情況進(jìn)行簡單小結(jié)。給學(xué)生適當(dāng)?shù)莫?jiǎng)勵(lì)。(2)讓學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)半學(xué)期的英語學(xué)習(xí)情況,可在第37頁上做標(biāo)記,看看自己能達(dá)到什么程度。對(duì)于評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果不太理想的學(xué)生,教師要及時(shí)鼓勵(lì),教育學(xué)生不能灰心放棄,針對(duì)這部分學(xué)生具體的情況在課后進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步交流。
(二) 呈現(xiàn)新課 (Presentation)1、教師出示學(xué)過的縮略語PRCUKCANUSA讓孩子讀一讀,然后拿出相應(yīng)的卡片貼在黑板上請掌握較好的學(xué)生帶著同學(xué)們讀一讀縮略語2、出示課文中的縮略語,讓孩子們自己試著讀一讀,然后試著說說縮略語的含義3、聽錄音,跟讀。小組說說4、讓孩子們介紹自己收集的生活中的縮略語教師給以適當(dāng)?shù)臄U(kuò)充:CCTVWTOUFO等5、教師分別出示大小寫Hh,讓孩子想想大小寫的字母分別想什么,用語言描述或是用動(dòng)作表示。6、Let’s chant聽錄音,邊聽邊打節(jié)奏聽錄音,邊聽邊出示相應(yīng)的字母聽錄音,邊聽邊試著說歌謠孩子們帶上自己的頭飾,在小組中邊演邊說各小組展示(三)趣味操練(Practice)1、listen and order the cards讓孩子說字母,按照聽到的順序排列字母2、listen and guess教師拼一拼縮略語,孩子快速說出詞小組游戲(四) 擴(kuò)展性活動(dòng)(Add-activities)紙牌游戲兩個(gè)孩子分別有一套學(xué)過的字母卡,按順序出卡片,看誰能最先組成一個(gè)學(xué)過的縮略語?!景鍟O(shè)計(jì)】
3、開始游戲。學(xué)生總是輸,產(chǎn)生認(rèn)知沖突,從而引起進(jìn)一步探索的欲望。(二)小組內(nèi)游戲,探索結(jié)論。通過小組內(nèi)游戲的方式,進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),利用統(tǒng)計(jì)的方式呈現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果,初步探索教師總能贏的原因。要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果中尋找統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上的規(guī)律。(三)理論驗(yàn)證通過組合的理論來驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果??梢杂貌煌姆绞絹磉M(jìn)行組合,讓學(xué)生探討每個(gè)“和”所包含的組合情況的多少與這個(gè)“和”出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。三、師生共同小結(jié)本次活動(dòng)1、通過本次活動(dòng),你有什么新的收獲?2、師生總結(jié):本次活動(dòng)通過猜想、實(shí)驗(yàn)、驗(yàn)證等過程,讓同學(xué)們在問題情境中自主探索,解決問題,既發(fā)展了同學(xué)們的動(dòng)手實(shí)踐能力,又充分調(diào)動(dòng)了同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。
1.小組學(xué)習(xí)法全班分成各個(gè)部位,以半弧形狀擺設(shè),不僅拉近了師生、同學(xué)間的距離,便于口語交際和合作學(xué)習(xí),而且讓學(xué)生在獨(dú)立與合作的交織中變得大膽、自信。2)Learning by singing, chanting, playing, touching.通過這些活動(dòng)激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣,幫助他們建立學(xué)習(xí)的成就感和自信心。四.教學(xué)步驟英語課程的學(xué)習(xí)即是學(xué)生通過英語學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)逐步掌握語言知識(shí),技能,提高實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力的過程,又是他們陶冶情操,拓寬視野形成有效學(xué)習(xí)策略的過程。整個(gè)教學(xué)我設(shè)計(jì)了復(fù)習(xí)——新知展示——練習(xí)——小結(jié)及作業(yè)布置四個(gè)步驟。一.Warm-up1.Geetings2.SingasongT:Do you like to sing a song?Ss: Yes.T: Now, Let’s sing as ong,OK?Ss:OK. 【教師和學(xué)生一起邊拍手邊唱這首歌,不僅復(fù)習(xí)前面的打招呼語,而且把學(xué)生拉回到英語課堂,活躍了課堂的氛圍,增加學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣】3.guessinggameT: Good. Look at me, What’s in my hand ?【教師拿出一個(gè)書包,書包內(nèi)裝入了各種學(xué)過的文具和一個(gè)玩具人頭,讓學(xué)生感到新奇,從而增強(qiáng)興趣】
(一)教材的地位與作用本節(jié)描述地球所處的宇宙環(huán)境包括兩部分內(nèi)容,一是能在天體系統(tǒng)中確定地球所在位置,二是結(jié)合太陽燃燒的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)和大行星運(yùn)軌道特征,說明地球存在生命的宇宙環(huán)境特征。這里需要補(bǔ)充太陽大小長期穩(wěn)定的燃燒保證地球表面長期保持適宜的溫度,有利生命進(jìn)化;大小行星公轉(zhuǎn)各行其道,保證地球宇宙環(huán)境的安全。這兩點(diǎn)宜在討論地球是特殊的行星時(shí)補(bǔ)充。說明地球是太陽系中一顆既普通又特殊的行星要通過 3引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從圖文資料中找出地球與其他行星在運(yùn)動(dòng)特征和結(jié)構(gòu)特征上的共性以及軌道位置和自身?xiàng)l件上的特性。運(yùn)動(dòng)特征共性包括同向性、共面性和近圓性;結(jié)構(gòu)特征主要是通過與類地行星比較得出地球在質(zhì)量和體積方面不具特殊性。地球上存在生命主要是因?yàn)槿盏鼐嚯x適中,所以有適合的溫度;因?yàn)榈厍蛸|(zhì)量和體積適中,所以能吸引住大氣形成厚度、壓力適合的大氣層;因?yàn)榈厍虼嬖趲r漿活動(dòng),所以有地球內(nèi)部氫氧分異化合的水汽溢出形成海洋。
環(huán)節(jié)四 課堂總結(jié) 鞏固知識(shí)本節(jié)課我采用線索性的板書,整個(gè)知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然,為了充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生在課堂的主體地位,我將課堂小結(jié)交由學(xué)生完成,請學(xué)生根據(jù)課堂學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容,結(jié)合我的板書設(shè)計(jì)來進(jìn)行小結(jié),以此來幫助教師在第一時(shí)間掌握學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)信息的反饋,同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納分析能力、概括能力。環(huán)節(jié)五 情景回歸,情感升華我的實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)老師告訴過我們,政治這一門學(xué)科要從生活中來到生活去,所以在課堂的最后布置課外作業(yè),以此培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)理論的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力,同時(shí)檢驗(yàn)他們對(duì)知識(shí)的真正掌握情況,以此達(dá)到情感的升華,本節(jié)課,我根據(jù)建構(gòu)主義理論,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的中心,學(xué)生是知識(shí)意義的主動(dòng)建構(gòu)者,是信息加工的主體,要強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的參與性、以及探究性,不僅讓他們懂得知識(shí),更讓他們相信知識(shí),并且將知識(shí)融入到實(shí)踐當(dāng)中去,最終達(dá)到知、情、意、行的統(tǒng)一。
1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語和表語的功能和意義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否在理解文段內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)上下文語境和表達(dá)邏輯,能正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式描述節(jié)日慶典。3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否歸納和積累用于表達(dá)情緒的相關(guān)詞匯。
本板塊的活動(dòng)主題是“談?wù)摴?jié)日活動(dòng)”(Talk about festival activities),主要是從貼近學(xué)生日常生活的角度來切入“節(jié)日”主題。學(xué)生會(huì)聽到發(fā)生在三個(gè)國家不同節(jié)日場景下的簡短對(duì)話,對(duì)話中的人們正在參與或?qū)⒁H歷不同的慶?;顒?dòng)。隨著全球化的進(jìn)程加速,國際交流日益頻繁,無論是國人走出國門還是外國友人訪問中國,都已成為司空見慣的事情。因此,該板塊所選取的三個(gè)典型節(jié)日場景都是屬于跨文化交際語境,不僅每組對(duì)話中的人物來自不同的文化背景,對(duì)話者的身份和關(guān)系也不盡相同。1. Master the new words related to holiday: the lantern, Carnival, costume, dress(sb)up, march, congratulation, congratulate, riddle, ceremony, samba, make - up, after all. 2. To understand the origin of major world festivals and the activities held to celebrate them and the significance of these activities;3. Improve listening comprehension and oral expression of the topic by listening and talking about traditional festivals around the world;4. Improve my understanding of the topic by watching pictures and videos about different traditional festivals around the world;5. Review the common assimilation phenomenon in English phonetics, can distinguish the assimilated phonemes in the natural language flow, and consciously use the assimilation skill in oral expression. Importance:1. Guide students to pay attention to the attitude of the speaker in the process of listening, and identify the relationship between the characters;2. Inspire students to use topic words to describe the festival activities based on their background knowledge. Difficulties:In the process of listening to the correct understanding of the speaker's attitude, accurately identify the relationship between the characters.
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.)Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)快速而準(zhǔn)確地找到主題句;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理清論說文的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和文本邏輯,了解節(jié)日風(fēng)俗發(fā)展與變遷,感悟節(jié)日的內(nèi)涵與意義。
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.價(jià)格與戰(zhàn)前相同。(4)定語從句中的“關(guān)系代詞+助動(dòng)詞be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹訂的那張票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)上下文語境或情景恢復(fù)句子中省略的成分,體會(huì)使用省略的效果;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否了解舊金山的城市風(fēng)貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會(huì)多元文化對(duì)美國的影響。
該板塊的活動(dòng)主題是“介紹一個(gè)有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過介紹中國城繼續(xù)聚焦中國文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國文化與美國多元文化的關(guān)系,它是美國多元文化的重要組成部分。中國城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國文化的重要窗口,外國人在中國城能近距離體驗(yàn)中國文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.
三、文本中的句子解決完畢,大家對(duì)文本內(nèi)容的理解更加深入了。請速度文本,思考:《論語》具體涉及了哪些方面的內(nèi)容,體現(xiàn)了孔子什么觀點(diǎn)?明確:主要有治學(xué)、從政、修身養(yǎng)性和交友治道等方面,體現(xiàn)了孔子“克己復(fù)禮”的思想。四、 教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論: 如何評(píng)價(jià)孔子的言行和觀點(diǎn)?從古至今人們對(duì)孔子有哪些評(píng)價(jià)?明確:1、春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)代, 孔子門人及其后學(xué)者均推尊孔子。門人中以子貢為代表,他對(duì)孔子贊美備至,奉如天人,把孔子比擬為高天、日月、木鐸,凡人是永遠(yuǎn)不可企及的,認(rèn)為孔子是天生的圣人,“仰之彌高,鉆之彌堅(jiān)”。亞圣孟子認(rèn)為孔子所行的“圣人之道”是遍及自然界和社會(huì)的至高準(zhǔn)則。然而當(dāng)時(shí)民間一般看法認(rèn)為孔子是博學(xué)成名的大學(xué)者。
明確:(1)結(jié)繩記事說。原始記事的一種方法。人類在沒有發(fā)明文字或文字使用尚不普遍時(shí),常用在繩索或類似物件上打結(jié)的方法記錄數(shù)字,表達(dá)某種意思,用以傳達(dá)信息,處理事件。 (2)書畫說。(3)倉頡造字說。中國自古就有倉頡造字之說。文字的發(fā)明是人類發(fā)展史上一件石破天驚的大事,它將人們的思維、語言、經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及復(fù)雜的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象記錄下來,使文化得以傳播交流、世代傳承。2、漢字的形體:中華民族五千年的歷史中,漢字的演變,從甲骨文--金文--大篆--小篆--隸書--草書--楷書--行書,字形由象形到點(diǎn)橫豎撇捺的方塊字,經(jīng)歷了漫長的歲月。其中凝聚著民族的智慧,也體現(xiàn)出漢字逐步完善的過程,凸顯其方方正正、四平八穩(wěn)的特點(diǎn)。漢字又是一種文化的體現(xiàn),那些經(jīng)過藝術(shù)處理的漢字或跳起了拉丁舞、有的如同酒醉的成龍打起了醉拳,更是讓我們感到的是在欣賞漢字在紙張上跳舞,所以:書法是“紙上的舞蹈”。請大家看到書上的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,注意每一種形體的漢字的載體是什么,其功能又有什么不一樣。
探究、討論、交流:1、包弟討人喜歡,作者卻不得不將它送走,為什么?2、送走包弟后,作者為什么先是感覺輕松,隨后覺得沉重?3、“您的小狗怎樣?”這句話反復(fù)出現(xiàn),有什么用意?4、“整整十三年零五個(gè)月過去了”“整整”一詞有什么作用?5、“滿園的創(chuàng)傷使我的心仿佛又給放在油鍋里熬煎”這句話如何理解?6、“我懷念包弟,我想向它表示歉意?!比绾卫斫??學(xué)生各抒己見后教師結(jié)合材料發(fā)表看法明確總結(jié)特別是最后一個(gè)問題得出作者這發(fā)之心底的語言,不僅僅是歉意,更是發(fā)自靈魂深處的懺悔!是對(duì)生命的尊重,是一個(gè)有良知的作家對(duì)反省歷史的呼號(hào)。第三環(huán)節(jié)“認(rèn)識(shí)你自己”——懺悔意識(shí)與我引導(dǎo)學(xué)生正視和反省成長過程中曾犯下過錯(cuò)。并布置課后作業(yè):要求學(xué)生課后在本周隨筆中談反省懺悔后的感受。
生2:頷聯(lián)的意思是只聽到禁衛(wèi)軍中傳來夜間巡邏的梆子聲,不再向?qū)m中那樣安逸地聽到有雞人打鳴報(bào)時(shí)的聲音了。生3:頸聯(lián)的意思是說事變發(fā)生那天軍隊(duì)發(fā)生嘩變停留不前,但當(dāng)年唐玄宗以為自己可以和貴妃天天在一起,對(duì)天上的牽牛和織女一年一度的會(huì)見還加以嘲笑呢。生4:尾聯(lián)的含義是為什么唐玄宗當(dāng)了四十五年的皇帝,還不如普通百姓夫妻恩愛,長相廝守。師:好的。請大家再齊讀一遍詩文,做到人人都能疏通詩的含義。學(xué)生再次齊讀。第三環(huán)節(jié):專項(xiàng)探究師:白居易曾說:“文章合為時(shí)而著,歌詩合為事而作。”這首詩就是作者途經(jīng)馬嵬驛,詠馬嵬之變這一歷史事件而作,所以我們鑒賞的第三步,就是通過標(biāo)題和詩文,弄清詩中的歷史事件。請同學(xué)們找出詩中哪些詩句描述了這一事件?
我以以《登高》為例,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行意象分析,感悟意境美。古人云“立象以盡意”“古詩之妙,專求意象”意象是詩人情感的載體,是詩歌的靈魂。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生張開聯(lián)想和想象的翅膀去感受,去體驗(yàn)是意象,詩歌鑒賞的關(guān)鍵??屏治榈抡f“真正藝術(shù)的作品,不是看見的,也不是聽到的,而是想象中的某種東西?!痹娙送ㄟ^想象創(chuàng)造出詩的形象,我們讀者通過想象豐富地再現(xiàn)詩人創(chuàng)造的形象。而感受體驗(yàn)則是以全部身心投入作品,心靈與心靈相溝通,感情與感情相交流,對(duì)詩人的想象活動(dòng)進(jìn)行再經(jīng)歷和再體驗(yàn)。因此,在引導(dǎo)意象解讀中,我先讓學(xué)生點(diǎn)擊這一個(gè),就是通過抓修飾詞、依據(jù)感情基調(diào)、展開想象具體分析本詩中每個(gè)意象的情感意蘊(yùn)和審美意蘊(yùn),使學(xué)生明白意象在每首詩中的獨(dú)特性。