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人教版高中歷史必修2羅斯福新政教案
【教學(xué)參考】對“新政”作用的評價史學(xué)界對“新政”作用的評價是仁者見仁、智者見智，但基本上有三種觀點，即“功大于過論”、“過大于功論”和“功過參半論”。持“功大于過論”者認(rèn)為“新政”在美國歷史上基本上是一種進步現(xiàn)象，首先，“新政”挽救了危機，使美國人民擺脫了危機的困苦局面；其次，在缺少足夠的宏觀經(jīng)濟政策知識的時代，羅斯福所做的努力確實是開創(chuàng)性的；再次，羅斯?！靶抡遍_啟了美國以后歷屆政府實施國家干預(yù)政策的大門，成為緩解自由主義經(jīng)濟制度之弊病的一劑良方，并在實質(zhì)上加強了美國聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)威；最后，在30年代資本主義世界經(jīng)濟危機的背景下，同日本、德國為轉(zhuǎn)嫁危機而發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的策略相比，“新政”無疑代表了一種進步、民主的解救危機方式。持“過大于功論”者認(rèn)為“新政”未能使美國走出蕭條、步入繁榮。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 3 Sports and Fitness-Reading and Thinking教案
2. Sort out detailed information about Michael Jordan.（1） Understand the transitional sentence.Q: Which part is about Michael Jordan as a master? Which part is about the example he set?（2） Have the Ss Focus on why Michael Jordan is a master and what good examples Michael Jordan set when they’re reading. And think about these questions as below:Q1: How does the author describe his impressive skills?Q2: How do you understand “time seemed to stand still”?Q3: What does “graceful” mean?Q4. Which sentence do you think best describes his mental strength?Q5. Which words is important in the sentence in describing his mental strength? Why?Q6: How do you understand “unique”?Q7: What can we learn from Michael Jordan?Step 5 Discussing and recommendingRecommend their own living legends of sports.Work in groups to choose your own living legend of sports and give the reasons of your choice. Step 6 HomeworkReview the stories of Lang Ping and Michael Jordan, and try to retell them.
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 3 Sports and Fitness-Reading for Writing教案
Then have them write a short paragraph to describe and explain their changes. After that, get the Ss to exchange their drafts with their partners and use the checklist to give feedback on their drafts, and finally revise it.Step 5 Summary of how to write a wellness book1.健康書的審題步驟：第一步：明確要求該寫作屬于經(jīng)驗分享，故要用第一人稱來寫;時態(tài)以一股現(xiàn)在時為主。第二步：確定段落該類文章可以從以下三個方面人手:Para.1首先表明寫作的目的Para.2自己的做法及心得體會Para.3表示期望及感謝第三步：提煉要點2.健康書常見句式：1) It is an honor for me to share my favorite sport with you,2) It makes me feel relaxed playing with my friends.3) It makes me rid myself of stress while playing with my friends.4) Moreover, it provides me a valuable chance to communicate with others.5) I we eat too little or too much, or if we choose the wrong food, we may become sick.6) We can do something to change the poor situation.Step 6Homework假如你的老師讓你在班級Wellness Bok上分享自己的親身經(jīng)歷及心得，請根據(jù)以下要點寫一篇80字左右的文章1. 你喜歡的運動是什么？2. 你最喜歡的原因是什么？3. 你參加鍛煉的體會。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點，總結(jié)共同點。1．(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web．2．(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient．3．(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club．4．(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful．5．(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Discovering Useful Structure教案一
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting．(肯定句)他已被挑選出來參加運動會。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat．(否定句)墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教案二
From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教案一
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”； “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Reading and Thinking教案二
Q5：What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6：What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Reading and Thinking教案一
Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Reading for Writing教案二
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Reading For Writing教案一
⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經(jīng)歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個博主, 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺得不舒服的東西, 立即離開這個網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個常見而嚴(yán)重的問題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡霸的目標(biāo)。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經(jīng)常使用幾個假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。
人教版高中地理必修2人口合理容量教案
（1）請同學(xué)們結(jié)合日常生活實例和教材分析說明人類要在世界各地消除貧困并保持人口的合理容量任務(wù)的艱巨性？（2）采取何種措施才能更好的解決這一問題的出現(xiàn)？教師總結(jié)（1）現(xiàn)實中的人口問題（如人口過快增長、人口城市化和人口老齡化等）引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的資源問題和環(huán)境問題。①發(fā)達(dá)國家的人均消耗資源量很大，索取資源和轉(zhuǎn)嫁有害生產(chǎn)的地域超出了本國的范圍。②發(fā)展中國家不僅人口數(shù)量多，人均消費水平低，而且一些國家的人口仍在快速增長。若在現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)上，把發(fā)展中國家人均生活質(zhì)量提高到與發(fā)達(dá)國家相當(dāng)?shù)乃剑l(fā)的資源短缺和環(huán)境問題將會相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重，解決的難度也很大。（2）I就整個世界來說：①國際社會要倡導(dǎo)各國，尤其發(fā)展中國家要盡最大可能把人口控制在合理的規(guī)模之內(nèi)；②建立公平的秩序，保證大多數(shù)人擁有不斷追求高水平生活質(zhì)量的平等權(quán)利。
人教版高中語文必修3《愛的奉獻學(xué)習(xí)議論中的記敘》教案2篇
方法點撥教師：有的同學(xué)敘述事實論據(jù)時，不突出重點和精華，不注意取舍，水分太多，有許多的敘述描寫，有時還有詳細(xì)的故事情節(jié)，文章幾乎成了記敘文，使文章的論點無法得到充分的證明，這是寫議論文的大忌。那么：議論文中的記敘有哪些特點？同學(xué)各抒己見。投影顯示：1.議論中的記敘不是單純的寫人記事，記敘文字是為議論服務(wù)的，其目的是為作者所闡明的道理提供事實依據(jù)。所以，在記敘時要求簡潔、概括，舍棄其中的細(xì)節(jié)，僅僅交代清楚事件或者人物的概貌即可，一般不在各種描寫手段上下功夫，只要把能證明觀點的那個部分、側(cè)面交代清楚就行了。2.議論文中的記敘性文字不得超過總字?jǐn)?shù)的1/3，否則視為文體不當(dāng)。能力提升一、教師：了解了議論文中的記敘的特點，接下來我們看看今天的話題：“愛的奉獻”，你想從哪個角度立論？有哪些素材？
中班游戲教案：快樂的組合游戲
【活動目標(biāo)】 1、引導(dǎo)幼兒大膽想象創(chuàng)新組合游戲，體驗組合游戲的快樂。 2、重點練習(xí)幼兒選兩種以上物品把他們組合為一種新的東西進行游戲，以促進他們的合作快樂。 3、培養(yǎng)幼兒扮演不同物品，玩一玩組合游戲，激勵幼兒大膽創(chuàng)新游戲及表達(dá)。 【活動準(zhǔn)備】 1、若干學(xué)習(xí)用品（橡皮、鉛筆、小刀……等） 2、錄音機、音樂、磁帶 3、活動室內(nèi)兒使用的所有工具 【活動過程】 1、 組織幼兒聽音樂 老師、小朋友隨音樂做一做手指操，帶領(lǐng)幼兒在音樂中做穿衣服、刷牙等各種動作，激勵幼兒隨音樂活動起來。 2、鼓勵幼兒大膽組合進行創(chuàng)新 （1）小朋友今天老師給你們帶來了許多學(xué)習(xí)用品。老師讓小朋友任選一件物品（分放準(zhǔn)備的物品），看看它是有什么用途。然后每兩個小朋友再自由組合在一起并說出他們有什么用途。再用它來設(shè)計你想象的東西好嗎？ （2）、小朋友們立刻歡呼著選起來，你看他們爭先恐后的選他們自己喜歡的東西，并進行自由結(jié)合，你看他們談?wù)摰亩嘤信d趣，好象想出了很多玩法，有的用手在比化、有的用腳在試探，有的用身體在滾動，他們很開心很自豪，一想到新的玩法便跑過來告訴我，并表演給我看。 （目的：讓幼兒想象創(chuàng)新組合游戲，體驗組合游戲的快樂。）
人教版高中語文《林黛玉進賈府》教案
第一課時（初步熟悉課文，理清林黛玉進賈府的行蹤）一、導(dǎo)入課文談話要點：1、有關(guān)中國的四大著名古典長篇幅小說：即《紅樓夢》曹雪芹，《西游記》吳承恩，《三國演義》羅貫中，《水滸傳》施耐庵。2、《紅樓夢》又名《石頭記》是我國古典小說的四大名著之一。全書以寶黛愛情為主線，揭露了封建統(tǒng)治的罪惡和腐朽，揭示了封建社會必然滅亡的歷史以展趨勢。本文選自《紅樓夢》故事的第三回《金陵起復(fù)賈雨村，榮國府收養(yǎng)林黛玉》，是全書的序幕組成部分之一。本文以林黛玉進賈府的一天行蹤為線索，通過她的所見所聞，介紹了賈府的一大批批重要人物，弄錯時展現(xiàn)了賈府與眾不同“的豪華府北，拉開了《紅樓夢》故事的帷幕。3、《紅樓夢》人物眾多，為了使用權(quán)我們了解眾多的人物關(guān)系，我們印發(fā)了下表，供同學(xué)們參考。
人教版高中語文《過秦論》教案
【教學(xué)目的】1．了解作者反對暴政、提倡仁政的政治主張在當(dāng)時條件下的進步意義及其歷史局限。教育學(xué)生不應(yīng)只著眼于秦之興衰，而應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)作者把研究歷史與指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)實相結(jié)合的可貴精神，從而明白“以史為鑒”“古為今用”的意義，達(dá)到把知識轉(zhuǎn)化為能力的目的。2．學(xué)習(xí)課文從史實對比中引出結(jié)論的寫作方法；理解課文中對偶、排比等修辭手法在表情達(dá)意方面的作用，并結(jié)合單元知識短文掌握如何在翻譯中恰當(dāng)處理修辭格的知識?！窘虒W(xué)設(shè)想】1．通過預(yù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)，使學(xué)生借助課文的注釋、工具書和參考資料了解時代背景、作者簡況及各段大意，疏通文句。2．講授課文，指出作者政治主張的歷史局限時，不必在什么是秦二世而亡的真正原因上旁征博引，同時對文中涉及的歷史人物及史實，也不要過多介紹。可在課外指導(dǎo)學(xué)生讀點通史或歷史故事（如《東周列國志》，雖是小說，但基本事件多見諸其書）。
人教版高中語文《離騷》教案
2.亦余心之所善兮。雖九死其猶未悔評析：這一句表明屈原志向不改，堅貞不屈。真可說是一條鐵骨錚錚的漢子。屈原最不能容忍的是那群無恥小人對他的惡毒誣蔑，一會說他穿著奇裝異服，一會又說他面容姣好，肯定是個善淫之輩。這群人追名逐利，篡改法令，歪曲是非，混淆黑白，競相諂媚，把朝廷弄得烏煙瘴氣。屈原下決心絕對不和他們合流，他自比不合群的鷙鳥，孤傲、矯健，“自前世而固然”，他不想改變，也無法改變，這就像方圓不能周，異道不相安一樣。在這里，屈原清楚地預(yù)感到了自己的結(jié)局，但他并不后悔自己的選擇。句中“雖九死其猶未悔”和同出自于《離騷》的“路曼曼其修遠(yuǎn)兮，吾將上下而求索”詩句是后人引以自勉和共勉最多的句子。運用：(翻譯)只要是我心中所向往喜歡的，即使死去九次也不會后悔。3.民生各有所樂兮，余獨好修以為常。雖體解吾猶未變兮，豈余心之可懲。
人教版高中語文《師說》教案
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1．了解韓愈關(guān)于尊師重道的論述和本文的思想意義。2．學(xué)習(xí)借鑒本文正反對比的論證方法。3．積累文言知識，掌握實詞“傳、師、從”，虛詞“以、也、則、于、乎、所以”等詞語的意義和用法，區(qū)別古今異義詞語。4．樹立尊師重教的思想，培養(yǎng)謙虛好學(xué)的風(fēng)氣。【教學(xué)重點和難點】1．了解文章的整體思路。2．學(xué)習(xí)本文正反對比論證的方法?！窘虒W(xué)方法】教師講授；學(xué)生自主探究；多媒體輔助。【課時分配】兩課時?！窘虒W(xué)過程】第一課時一、導(dǎo)入并解題初中時我們學(xué)過一篇課文叫《馬說》，《馬說》實際上是“說馬”，今天，我們來學(xué)習(xí)一篇“說老師”，說“從師風(fēng)尚”的文章，叫《師說》?！罢f”是一種文體，偏重于議論，可先敘后議，也可夾敘夾議。
人教版高中語文《沁園春》教案
【重點、難點及解決辦法】1．以樂景寫哀，景中寓情，情中顯志。從詞中可以感受到詞人的心情是惆悵的，寫的又是寒秋景物，卻毫無過去一般舊詩詞里的那種肅殺、感傷的“悲秋”情調(diào)，詞人筆下的秋景是活潑、美好的。原因在于越寫山河的壯麗，就越使人感到人民不能主宰大地的可悲，越感到革命的必要。詞人正是在這不一致中突出了強烈的革命精神。當(dāng)然，這里面也含有熱愛祖國壯麗河山的感情。2．對比手法的運用。詞中含有多種對比，使描繪的形象鮮明，如“萬山紅遍”與“漫江碧透”主要是顏色的對比；“鷹擊長空”與“魚翔淺底”、“指點江山”與“激揚文字”主要是動作的對比；“同學(xué)少年”與“萬戶侯”是明比；“萬類霜天競自由”與人民的被壓迫（未在詞中點明）是暗含的對比。
人教版高中語文《勸學(xué)》教案
(1)吾嘗(曾經(jīng))終日而思矣，不如須臾(片刻)之所學(xué)也；吾嘗肢(踮起腳跟)而望矣，不如登高之博見(看得廣)也。(學(xué)、思對比，強調(diào)了學(xué)習(xí)的作用；跛望與登高對比，登高的收獲大。兩例證明利用學(xué)習(xí)、利用外物的作用。)(2)登高而招(招手)，臂非加長也，而見者(看的人)遠(yuǎn)(遠(yuǎn)也看得見)；順風(fēng)而呼(呼喊)，聲非加疾(快)也，而聞?wù)?聽的人)彰(聽得更清楚)。(兩例證明利用自然條件的作用。)(3)假(借助)輿馬者(的人)，非利足(快腳)也，而致(達(dá)到)千里；假舟楫者，非能水(善游)也，而絕(橫渡)江河。(兩例證明利用工具的作用。)(4)君子生(性)非異也，善假(利用)于(對)物(外物)也。連用比喻，得出結(jié)論：那些有才德的君子，生來本性與普通人沒有什么兩樣(生非異也)，只是由于他善于利用學(xué)得的知識和本領(lǐng)，善于利用處界條件彌補自身的不足，不斷提高自己，所以才成為君子的。