Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
Step 3 Meaning1. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。一般由“would/should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來(lái)有一天他們能再見(jiàn)面。2. was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形: 表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常用于口語(yǔ)中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開(kāi)始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來(lái)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計(jì)劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來(lái)計(jì)劃做某事, 動(dòng)作沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說(shuō)她本來(lái)想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來(lái)。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個(gè)朋友。
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說(shuō)Who,其意思是問(wèn),對(duì)方想讓誰(shuí)在開(kāi)場(chǎng)時(shí)致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
3.社會(huì)實(shí)踐對(duì)文化創(chuàng)新的決定作用社會(huì)實(shí)踐對(duì)文化創(chuàng)新具有兩個(gè)方面的重要作用:(1)社會(huì)實(shí)踐是文化創(chuàng)新的源泉實(shí)踐,作為人們改造客觀世界的活動(dòng),是一種有目的、有意識(shí)的社會(huì)性活動(dòng)。人類在改造自然和社會(huì)的實(shí)踐中,創(chuàng)造出自己特有的文化。離開(kāi)了社會(huì)實(shí)踐;文化就會(huì)成為無(wú)源之水、無(wú)本之木,人們不可能從事任何有價(jià)值的文化創(chuàng)造?!蟊菊n小結(jié):1.關(guān)于本課邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的宏觀把握:文化創(chuàng)新的源泉和作用這一問(wèn)題,教材分三個(gè)層次展開(kāi)論證:一是不盡的源泉,不竭的動(dòng)力;二是巨大的作用,深刻的意義;三是呼喚文化創(chuàng)新的時(shí)代。教材運(yùn)用辯證方法從文化創(chuàng)新的源泉和作用展開(kāi)論述。即社會(huì)實(shí)踐是文化創(chuàng)新的源泉,文化創(chuàng)新又推動(dòng)社會(huì)實(shí)踐的發(fā)展和促進(jìn)民族文化的繁榮。教材關(guān)于文化創(chuàng)新的途徑問(wèn)題,從三個(gè)層次展開(kāi)講述:第一個(gè)層次是“繼承傳統(tǒng),推陳出新”;第二個(gè)層次是“面向世界,博采眾長(zhǎng)”;第三個(gè)層次是“堅(jiān)持正確方向,克服錯(cuò)誤傾向”。
1.加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義文化建設(shè)的必要性在人類歷史的長(zhǎng)河中,各種思想文化總是相互沖擊、交匯、融合.奔騰向前,永不停息。今天,我們面對(duì)的文化有傳統(tǒng)的和現(xiàn)代的、外來(lái)的和本土的、進(jìn)步的和落后的、先進(jìn)的和腐朽的、積極的和頹廢的,等等。各種各樣的文化有吸納又有排斥,有融合又有斗爭(zhēng),有滲透又有抵御,呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的相互交織、相互激蕩之勢(shì)。在這種文化發(fā)展的大背景下,在我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)過(guò)程中,有必要弘揚(yáng)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義的主流文化,這樣有利于保證我國(guó)社會(huì)主義文化發(fā)展的方向。2.大力加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義文化建設(shè)(1)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義文化在我國(guó)文化生活中處于主導(dǎo)地位。中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義文化,始終堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)的理論武裝人,以正確的輿論引導(dǎo)人,以高尚的精神塑造人,以優(yōu)秀的作品鼓舞人,無(wú)論是思想內(nèi)容還是表現(xiàn)形式,都發(fā)揮著強(qiáng)有力的導(dǎo)向和示范作用。社會(huì)主義文化以其自身的科學(xué)性和先進(jìn)性,并依靠社會(huì)主義政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)力量,在人民大眾的文化生活中始終占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位。
(2)歷史課本中歷朝歷代的文化發(fā)展。(3)政治生活中關(guān)于綜合國(guó)力競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的相關(guān)知識(shí)。(4)了解文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,深入體會(huì)知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象。五、【方法點(diǎn)津】:(1)堅(jiān)持理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的方法,感悟文化現(xiàn)象,理解文化內(nèi)涵,分析文化的作用,增強(qiáng)文化學(xué)習(xí)的自覺(jué)性。(2)自學(xué)探究。以課本的簡(jiǎn)單提示為線索,深入探究文化與經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治的相互交融,探究文化在綜合國(guó)力競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的地位和作用。(3)集體討論。針對(duì)當(dāng)前國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的實(shí)質(zhì),探討我國(guó)應(yīng)如何發(fā)展文化產(chǎn)業(yè)、發(fā)展文化生產(chǎn)力、增強(qiáng)文化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力;討淪為更好地應(yīng)對(duì)文化競(jìng)爭(zhēng),作為中學(xué)生目前應(yīng)做好哪些準(zhǔn)備。六、【課文導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】:文化,一個(gè)我們十分熟悉的詞匯。然而“熟知并非真知”。有人說(shuō),文化是知識(shí);有人說(shuō),文化是藝術(shù)。究竟什么是“文化”?只要在社會(huì)生活中細(xì)細(xì)體味,我們就能真切地感悟“文化”的內(nèi)涵與文化的力量。
民族精神是一個(gè)民族賴以生存和發(fā)展的精神支撐。一個(gè)民族,沒(méi)有振奮的精神和高尚的品格,不可能自立于世界民族之林。“鐵人”精神是“愛(ài)國(guó)、創(chuàng)業(yè)、求實(shí)、奉獻(xiàn)”的大慶精神的典型化、人格化。其主要方面包括:“為祖國(guó)分憂、為民族爭(zhēng)氣”的愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神;為“早日把中國(guó)石油落后的帽子甩到太平洋里去”,“寧肯少活二十年,拼命也要拿下大油田”的忘我拼搏精神;干事業(yè)“有條件要上,沒(méi)有條件創(chuàng)造條件也要上”的艱苦奮斗精神;“要為油田負(fù)責(zé)一輩子”,“干工作要經(jīng)得起子孫萬(wàn)代檢查”,對(duì)工作精益求精,為革命“練一身硬功夫、真本事”的科學(xué)求實(shí)精神;不計(jì)名利,不計(jì)報(bào)酬,埋頭苦干的“老黃?!本?;等等。40多年來(lái),“鐵人”精神早已家喻戶曉,深入人心,成為大慶人的共同理想、信念和行為準(zhǔn)則?!拌F人”精神是對(duì)王進(jìn)喜崇高思想、優(yōu)秀品德的高度概括,體現(xiàn)了我國(guó)工人階級(jí)精神風(fēng)貌和中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德的完美結(jié)合?!拌F人”精神是戰(zhàn)勝困難、勇往直前、不斷取得新勝利的巨大精神力量?!拌F人”精神是我們強(qiáng)大的精神支柱。
一、教材分析在初中階段,物理量單位的學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)生較為困惑的問(wèn)題之一。前面關(guān)于1N的規(guī)定給學(xué)生的印象總好像是有些隨意。尤其是牛頓、帕斯卡、安培、伏特、焦耳、瓦特等單位的規(guī)定。使得學(xué)生感動(dòng)物理太復(fù)雜。事實(shí)上,只有把單位制放在整個(gè)物理學(xué)框架中加以認(rèn)識(shí),并且知識(shí)有了一定的積累。經(jīng)歷了充分的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程后才能體會(huì)物理量單位的命名和使用規(guī)則。體會(huì)到其中對(duì)一些單位進(jìn)行規(guī)定的合理性和方便特征。物理學(xué)單位中,有很少幾個(gè)基本物理量,它們的單位就是基本單位。在進(jìn)行了這種選定之后,其它物理量的單位就是根據(jù)它的定義式,有所選擇的其他物理量的單位共同確定的。國(guó)際單位制的建立和使用,不僅方便了國(guó)際間的交流,也逐漸成為科學(xué)研究中計(jì)算和運(yùn)用的一種規(guī)范約束。中學(xué)生應(yīng)該注意學(xué)習(xí),逐步習(xí)慣,在記錄、表達(dá)和計(jì)算中規(guī)范使用。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(一)知識(shí)與技能1.了解什么是單位制,知道力學(xué)中的三個(gè)基本單位;2.認(rèn)識(shí)單位制在物理計(jì)算中的作用
局限性:新三民主義在理論上、綱領(lǐng)上仍然沒(méi)有超出資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主主義的范疇。且與中共民主革命綱領(lǐng)有著原則的區(qū)別。與中共革命綱領(lǐng)相比,新三民主義缺少的內(nèi)容:八小時(shí)工作制、徹底實(shí)現(xiàn)人民的權(quán)利、社會(huì)主義。教學(xué)小結(jié):(以問(wèn)題代小結(jié))(1)本課內(nèi)容涉及孫中山先生一生兩次重要的轉(zhuǎn)變。你知道是哪兩次嗎?在學(xué)生討論的基礎(chǔ)上,教師總結(jié):孫中山先生一生有兩次重要的轉(zhuǎn)變,第一次是放棄改良而走向革命道路;第二次是在他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一系列資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命活動(dòng)失敗后,接受蘇俄和中共的幫助,把舊三民主義發(fā)展成為新三民主義,實(shí)行“聯(lián)俄、聯(lián)共、扶助農(nóng)工”三大政策,實(shí)現(xiàn)了他一生中最偉大的轉(zhuǎn)變。(2)孫中山先生的這兩次轉(zhuǎn)變說(shuō)明了什么?這一問(wèn)題可以讓學(xué)生各抒己見(jiàn),但教師總結(jié)時(shí)一定要緊扣孫中山先生與時(shí)俱進(jìn),為民族革命貢獻(xiàn)畢生精力的高貴品質(zhì)。
淺層地下水是貯存于地表松散堆積物中的潛水。主要受降水、氣溫、蒸發(fā)等氣象因素影響,有明顯的季節(jié)變化與日變化,并與河水有相應(yīng)補(bǔ)給關(guān)系,即河水高于潛水面時(shí),河水補(bǔ)給地下水,反之地下水補(bǔ)給河流;深層地下水是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)滲入地下深入儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)的,它緩慢地流出補(bǔ)給河流,受氣象因素影響很小,通常只有年變化,季節(jié)變化已不明顯。當(dāng)然,一條河流的河水補(bǔ)給來(lái)源往往不是單一的,而是以某一種形式為主的混合補(bǔ)給形式,對(duì)流域自然條件復(fù)雜的大的河流來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此。我國(guó)長(zhǎng)江上游地區(qū)除雨水、地下水外,高原高山上冰川、積雪在夏季融化也補(bǔ)給河流;東北地區(qū)的河流,由春季融化積雪補(bǔ)給,夏季則由雨水和地下水補(bǔ)給;西北內(nèi)陸盆地除雨水外,夏季高山冰川、積雪融化成為河流的主要補(bǔ)給形式。我國(guó)季風(fēng)地區(qū),大部分河流以雨水補(bǔ)給為主,而冬季則由地下水補(bǔ)給。
1.流水堆積地貌由于河床坡度降低,導(dǎo)致流速減小 ,或者其他原因,引起河流搬運(yùn)能力降低,促使沉積發(fā)生,形成堆積地貌。常見(jiàn)的河流堆積地貌主要有以下幾種:(1)沖積扇平原沖積扇是河流出山口處的扇形堆積體。河流出 山口后,比降顯著減小,水流又分成許多交漢,成扇狀向外流動(dòng),河流能量顯著降低,大量物質(zhì)堆積下來(lái),又有利于河流改道。隨著各支汊的不斷堆積和變遷,就形成沖積扇。沖積扇的物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu),一般是頂部物質(zhì)較粗,主要為沙、礫 ,隨著水流搬運(yùn)能力向邊緣減弱,堆積的物質(zhì)逐漸變細(xì),邊緣一般多為沙、粉沙及亞粘土,分選性較好,所以沖積扇是較好的含水層,邊緣常有泉水出 露,可發(fā)展自流灌 溉。若山地河谷隨山地間歇抬升,也可形成疊置沖積扇。(2)河漫灘平原河漫灘平原發(fā)源于河流中下游。在河流中下游地區(qū),河流下蝕作用減弱,側(cè)蝕作用加強(qiáng),河流往往凹岸侵蝕,在凸岸堆積形成水下堆積體。堆積體 的面積逐漸擴(kuò)大,在枯水季節(jié)露出水面,形成河漫灘(見(jiàn)下圖)。
山西省總結(jié)出了許多重點(diǎn)工礦區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)模式,即圍繞煤田的露天開(kāi)采區(qū)、居民點(diǎn)和主要交通線建設(shè)區(qū),通過(guò)工程及生物措施,結(jié)合土地的復(fù)墾,充分利用廠礦的人力、財(cái)力和科技優(yōu)勢(shì),建立集約經(jīng)營(yíng)的高效蔬菜、水果及肉蛋奶生產(chǎn)基地(圖3.13)。1.說(shuō)一說(shuō)圖中各種工程及生物措施的作用。點(diǎn)撥:參考圖3.13圖中各工程及措施的作用:(1)隔離護(hù)壩:主要作用是將采掘區(qū)與河流隔開(kāi),以免河水流入采掘區(qū)。(2)排水溝:主要作用是引開(kāi)可能進(jìn)入采掘區(qū)的雨水或其他水源。(3)公路緊靠采掘區(qū),方便運(yùn)輸車輛就近從工地上公路。(4)“固沙草方格”,即在流沙表面用麥草、稻草扎成1×1米的草方格,使流沙不易被風(fēng) 吹起,達(dá)到阻沙、固沙的目的,并在草方格上栽種沙蒿、花棒、籽蒿、擰條等沙生植物,建立起旱生植物帶,營(yíng)造擋沙樹(shù)林。
得出這樣便于口算的道理,也為幫助學(xué)生探索“兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)”的豎式計(jì)算方法埋下了伏筆。與此同時(shí)也允許學(xué)生把12用他們認(rèn)為更便于計(jì)算的方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算。另一種是直接用豎式計(jì)算。豎式的擺法學(xué)生肯定沒(méi)問(wèn)題,對(duì)于第一步如何計(jì)算也難不倒學(xué)生,關(guān)鍵是第二步、第三步,通過(guò)學(xué)生自己探索算法,讓學(xué)生弄清第二步、第三步為什么這樣寫(xiě)?根據(jù)學(xué)生的匯報(bào),強(qiáng)調(diào)書(shū)寫(xiě)格式并板書(shū),用個(gè)位上的2去乘24,乘得的積是表示48個(gè)一,積的末尾要和個(gè)位對(duì)齊;用十位上的1去乘24,乘得的積表示24個(gè)十,乘得積的末尾要和十位對(duì)齊(個(gè)位上的0省略不寫(xiě));最后把兩次乘得的積相加。(這樣利用遷移原理,使學(xué)生一步一步地加深對(duì)算理和算法的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解,不但突出了教學(xué)重點(diǎn),而且突破了教學(xué)難點(diǎn)。)3、教師點(diǎn)撥:筆算乘法時(shí):(1)從個(gè)位乘起,先用第二個(gè)因數(shù)的個(gè)位上的數(shù)依次去乘第一個(gè)因數(shù)的每一位上的數(shù),得數(shù)末位和第一個(gè)因數(shù)的個(gè)位對(duì)齊;
一、說(shuō)內(nèi)容今天我說(shuō)課的內(nèi)容是人教版數(shù)學(xué)三年級(jí)下冊(cè)第四單元的《兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)(進(jìn)位)的筆算方法》課本49頁(yè)的內(nèi)容。二、說(shuō)教材本節(jié)課是在學(xué)生已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)的不進(jìn)位筆算乘法的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的。學(xué)習(xí)這部分內(nèi)容,有利于學(xué)生完整地掌握整數(shù)乘法的計(jì)算方法,為后面學(xué)習(xí)乘數(shù)數(shù)位是更多位的筆算乘法墊定基礎(chǔ)。三、說(shuō)教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)這一數(shù)學(xué)內(nèi)容在教材中的地位和作用,結(jié)合教材以及學(xué)生的年齡特點(diǎn),我制定以下數(shù)學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)目標(biāo):使學(xué)生經(jīng)歷探索兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)進(jìn)位筆算方法的過(guò)程,掌握兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)進(jìn)位筆算的基本筆算方法,能正確進(jìn)行計(jì)算。2、能力目標(biāo):學(xué)生在自主探索計(jì)算方法和解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中體會(huì)新舊知識(shí)間的聯(lián)系,能主動(dòng)總結(jié)歸納兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)進(jìn)位筆算的方法,培養(yǎng)類比分析概括能力,發(fā)展應(yīng)用意識(shí)。