思考:洗衣機脫水時轉(zhuǎn)速高時容易甩干衣物,還是轉(zhuǎn)速低時容易甩干衣物?(2) 制作棉花糖的原理內(nèi)筒與洗衣機的脫水筒相似,里面加入白砂糖,加熱使糖熔化成糖汁。內(nèi)筒高速旋轉(zhuǎn),黏稠的糖汁就做離心運動,從內(nèi)筒壁的小孔飛散出去,成為絲狀到達溫度較低的外筒,并迅速冷卻凝固,變得纖細雪白,像一團團棉花。5.離心現(xiàn)象的防止在水平公路上行駛的汽車,轉(zhuǎn)彎時所需的向心力是由車輪與路面的靜摩擦力提供的。如果轉(zhuǎn)彎時速度過大,所需向心力F大于最大靜摩擦力Fmax,汽車將做離心運動而造成交通事故。因此,在公路彎道處,車輛行駛不允許超過規(guī)定的速度。當高速轉(zhuǎn)動的砂輪或者飛輪內(nèi)部分子間相互作用力不足以提供所需向心力時,離心運動就會使他們破裂,甚至釀成事故。
★教學總結(jié):(1)我國衣著服飾變化的三大階段第一階段(鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后到新中國的建立):這一階段的階段特征為中式與西式、傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代服飾并存男裝:長袍馬褂、西裝、中山裝 女裝:旗袍(新式與舊式)第二階段(新中國建立后到十一屆三中全會):這一時期由于政治上的影響,階段特征為衣著樸素,與革命相關(guān)的服飾成為主流男裝:列寧裝、中山裝、綠軍裝女裝:列寧裝、布拉基、綠軍裝第三階段(十一屆三中全會后):階段特征為與世界接軌,異彩紛呈;具體表現(xiàn)在,服飾由最基本的防寒保暖向美觀大方轉(zhuǎn)變,各種款式的服裝層出不窮現(xiàn)在的服裝是色彩鮮艷、款式多樣,什么牛仔服、休閑服、西裝、T恤衫、晚禮服,真是不勝枚舉。每年服裝的流行色、流行款式不斷改變,大街上的姑娘和小伙子永遠領(lǐng)導著時裝新潮流。模特表演、模特廣告和模特大賽已成為人們穿著方面不可缺少的內(nèi)容。
3、城鎮(zhèn)人口的比重大幅度提高,工農(nóng)差別、城鄉(xiāng)差別、地區(qū)差別擴大的趨勢逐步扭轉(zhuǎn)請同學們閱讀下面材料,結(jié)合剛才列舉的實例,思考它說明什么問題?2000年我國農(nóng)村小康總體實現(xiàn)程度在93%左右,城鄉(xiāng)收入差距在3:1以上。1999年西部地區(qū)小康實現(xiàn)程度為84.18%,中部和東部地區(qū)為93.18%、97.86%,人均GDP最高的上海市突破4000美元,最低的貴州省只有300多美元。4、社會保障體系比較健全,社會就業(yè)比較充分,家庭財產(chǎn)普遍提高,人民過上更加富足的生活教師活動:請同學們閱讀教材102頁虛框內(nèi)材料,思考所提問題學生活動:積極思考,討論發(fā)言。教師總結(jié):說明我國的社會保障體系逐步完善,但是城鎮(zhèn)居民保障水平較高,農(nóng)村社會保障水平還比較低。這與我國的國情是不相適應的,因此,本世紀初20年,要不斷健全、完善社會保障體系,集中力量發(fā)展經(jīng)濟,降低失業(yè)率,提高城鄉(xiāng)居民文化教育娛樂等消費比例,讓人民的吃穿住行達到更高水平的小康。三、小康社會的建設(shè)特點和要求
(1)1945.10.24日,《聯(lián)合國憲章》生效,聯(lián)合國正式成立。主要機構(gòu)有:聯(lián)合國大會、安全理事會、經(jīng)濟及社會理事會、托管理事會、國際法院、秘書處等。(2)聯(lián)合國的宗旨:維護國際和平與安全;發(fā)展國際間以尊重人民平等權(quán)利及自決原則為基礎(chǔ)的友好關(guān)系;促進國際合作,以解決國際間屬于經(jīng)濟、社會、文化及人類福利性質(zhì)的國際問題;作為協(xié)調(diào)各國活動的中心。簡單地說,就是維護國際和平與安全,促進國際合作與發(fā)展。(3)聯(lián)合國的原則:各會員國主權(quán)平等,履行憲章規(guī)定的義務,以和平方式解決國際爭端,不得對其他國家進行武力威脅或使用武力,集體協(xié)作,不干涉任何國家的內(nèi)政,確保非會員國遵守上述原則。(4)聯(lián)合國的作用:聯(lián)合國在維護世界和平與安全,促進經(jīng)濟、社會的發(fā)展,以及實行人道主義援助等方面發(fā)揮著積極作用。
四、學情分析本課的概念、原理很抽象,學生的認知能力及社會經(jīng)驗有限,應注意從以下幾個方面加以引導。1.澄清概念。本課涉及多個歷史唯物主義的基本概念,如社會存在、社會意識、生產(chǎn)方式、生產(chǎn)力、生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)、上層建筑、革命、改革等。學生要準確深刻地掌握所學知識,首先就要對這些概念的內(nèi)涵有比較明確的理解,因此,澄清概念既是學習本課的重要任務,也是學習本課的重要方法。2.觀察生活。在學習社會存在與社會意識的辯證關(guān)系原理時,學生可以從觀察自己身邊的生活入手,看看自己身邊各種意識現(xiàn)象背后的物質(zhì)原因是什么。比如,民間流傳的神話、人們信仰的宗教、社會價值觀的變化等現(xiàn)象背后的物質(zhì)原因是什么?同時,看看這些意識現(xiàn)象對人們行為和社會發(fā)展又有哪些能動的影響。
(一)、生活中的文化傳播◇課堂探究:(1)旅游歸來,介紹異國他鄉(xiāng)的風俗人情、奇聞趣事;闔家團聚,高談闊論各自的所見所聞;獨居一室,打開收音機收聽節(jié)目……這些現(xiàn)象具有哪些共同特點?生活中還有哪些現(xiàn)象屬于文化傳播?(2)你能歸納出文化傳播主要有哪幾種方式嗎?◇探究提示:(1)這些現(xiàn)象都屬于文化傳播,通過這些活動傳遞知識、信息、觀念、情感和信仰等。生活中朋友聚會、參加娛樂活動、在家上網(wǎng)看電視等,都屬于文化傳播。(2)文化傳播主要方式有:商業(yè)活動、人口遷徙、教育、文化娛樂活動等。1.文化傳播的含義文化交流的過程,就是文化傳播的過程。那么何為文化傳播?人們通過一定的方式傳遞知識、信息、觀念、情感和信仰,以及與此相關(guān)的所有社會交往活動,都可視為文化傳播。
商業(yè)活動、人口遷徙、教育活動是文化傳播的主要途徑。隨著科學技術(shù)的不斷進步,文化傳播的手段也越來越多樣,越來越先進?,F(xiàn)代文化傳播已經(jīng)不僅限于這些,傳播的媒介越來越多。經(jīng)歷了口語、文字、印刷、電子和網(wǎng)絡(luò)等發(fā)展階段。二、大眾傳媒:現(xiàn)代文化傳播的手段1、 傳媒:傳播的媒介2、 發(fā)展:口語――文字――印刷――電子――網(wǎng)絡(luò)3、 現(xiàn)代傳媒包括:報刊、廣播、電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、雜志、書籍、手機、電子讀物等各種現(xiàn)代傳媒的作用各具特色,各有優(yōu)點。(學生討論并暢談各自的優(yōu)缺點)歸納:新的傳媒的出現(xiàn),并不意味著舊傳媒的消失,各種傳媒都在文化傳播中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。傳媒的真正開始面向大眾傳遞信息,是以印刷媒體的推廣為標志的。如今,依托電子技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、光纖通信技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、多媒體技術(shù)等現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù),大眾傳媒能夠最大程度地穿越時空局限,匯集來自世界各地的信息,日益顯示出文化傳遞、溝通、共享的強大功能,已經(jīng)成為文化傳播的主要手段。
世界觀、人生觀、價值觀是人們文化素養(yǎng)的核心和標志。一個人的世界觀、人生觀、價值觀是在長期的生活和學習過程中形成的,是各種文化因素交互影響的結(jié)果。世界觀、人生觀、價值觀一經(jīng)形成,就具有確定的方向性,對人的綜合素質(zhì)和終身發(fā)展產(chǎn)生深遠而持久的影響?!笳n堂探究:(1)你能補充一兩個定居海外的華裔在生活方式和習俗方面仍然表現(xiàn)出受我們民族文化影響的事例嗎?(2)能否談談你閱讀這段話時的感悟,并用自己的理解說明文化對人的影響力?◇探究提示:(1)啟發(fā)同學們搜集材料,了解歷史上或現(xiàn)實生活中海外華僑的生活方式受中華民族文化影響的具體事例。(2)通過閱讀這段話,可以感受到,一段豐富的人生經(jīng)歷、一份令人心動的情感、一種遠大的理想、一種催人奮進的力量,會深深地影響著人的發(fā)展。
3、文化是人們的一種素養(yǎng)(1)人的文化素養(yǎng)是在社會生活、實踐中形成的。每個人所具有的文化素養(yǎng),不是天生的,而是通過對社會生活的體驗,特別是通過參與文化生活、接受知識文化教育而逐步培養(yǎng)出來的。文化素養(yǎng)的形成,離不開生活、實踐和教育。人們在社會實踐中創(chuàng)造和發(fā)展文化,也在社會生活中獲得和享用文化。(2)人的文化素養(yǎng)表現(xiàn)在日常言行中。教師活動:引導學生閱讀教材7頁“公交車漫畫”材料,并思考所反映的問題學生活動:積極思考并討論問題教師點評:人們的精神活動離不開物質(zhì)活動,人們的文化素養(yǎng)總是要通過他在日常生活中的言行、在社會實踐活動中的表現(xiàn)等表現(xiàn)出來。我們通過觀察人們的社會行為,就可以從中透視人們的精神世界和精神生活。4、文化的傳承和發(fā)展離不開物質(zhì)載體。社會文化和精神產(chǎn)品離不開物質(zhì)載體,一個時代的文化和精神產(chǎn)品,往往是這一時代社會發(fā)展軌跡的反映。
另一方面,文化素質(zhì)影響公民政治權(quán)利的行使。隨著民主和法制建設(shè)的發(fā)展,人們?yōu)榱藚⑴c政治生活,需要更高的文化素養(yǎng)。文化水平提高了,人們受到的教育、接受的信息就越多,活動的領(lǐng)域就越廣,民主法制和權(quán)利意識就越強,這些都會影響人們的民主素質(zhì)和民主水平,使人們更好地進行政治參與,行使民主權(quán)利。(2)文化與國際政治相互交融,成為當代國際政治斗爭的重要內(nèi)容。隨著世界多極化的發(fā)展,奉行霸權(quán)主義的國家,借助文化滲透的方式,竭力推銷自己的價值觀念,企圖削弱和取代別國的民族文化,以推行強權(quán)政治。這使世界范圍內(nèi)反對文化霸權(quán)主義的斗爭,成為當代國際政治斗爭的重要內(nèi)容。文化已經(jīng)成為進行政治斗爭、國際斗爭的重要形式之一。對文化市場的爭奪不僅僅是爭奪票房價值、爭奪經(jīng)濟效益,更主要的是對受眾對象的爭奪,對受眾注意力這種特殊的稀缺資源的占有,以及在此基礎(chǔ)上對輿論的控制與引導。因此,失去文化市場就意味著失去政治優(yōu)勢,意味著政治影響力的邊緣化乃至萎縮或喪失。這一點,從目前世界正在進行的空前規(guī)模的“文化戰(zhàn)爭”,可以看得非常清楚。
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?
1. 標題首先根據(jù)海報的特點、格式寫明標題。海報中往往把內(nèi)容作為大標題。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海報其正文部分的側(cè)重點不同。對于介紹性的海報, 首先要引出話題, 其次列出原因, 最后是總結(jié)。對于宣傳類的海報, 要寫明具體內(nèi)容, 如: 活動內(nèi)容, 地點以及參加活動的注意事項, 主持或舉辦單位等。1. 圖片: 要選擇引人注目的圖片, 與主題要相關(guān), 色彩明亮。話題句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我國的國寶。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上僅現(xiàn)存幾千只熊貓。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因為人類的活動, 老虎處于瀕危的狀態(tài)。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生動物面臨著滅絕的危險。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施來保護它們。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人們應該提高保護野生動物的意識。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃驚, 目前中國僅有不足1 000只江豚。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about "sharing views on historical sites". Through listening to a dialogue between Chinese and foreign students on the way to the Confucius Temple, students can understand their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts, so as to realize and think about the profound influence of Confucius and his thoughts on Chinese historical tradition. At the same time, the dialogue naturally integrates English idioms and mentions Shakespeare, the British playwright, so as to provide language materials and context for students to understand English idioms and related cultural allusions, as well as to compare Chinese and foreign cultures, which is helpful for students to understand and express the language such as history, tradition, culture and custom significant impact.Text analysis: listening text is a dialogue between a British student and a Chinese student when he goes to the Confucius Temple. When William, a British student, visited the Confucius Temple, he asked Xiao Kong, a Chinese student, for directions. Xiao Kong was just going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, so they went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. From the perspective of foreign tourists, this paper describes their thoughts on Confucius, the great son of Confucius, who had a profound impact on Chinese history and cultural tradition, and his education.Listening and Talking introduces a visit to a historic tourist destination. Tourism is a common way to understand a country's history, culture, and customs and so on. Students listen to the dialogue between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel Usher, and Paul, a backpacker, to learn about Pingyao's famous historical and cultural attractions and Paul's travel experience and experience as a foreign tourist.
(形容詞短語most beautiful的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語在句中作定語修飾名詞bird)④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能讓你真正高興的人。(形容詞短語really happy的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語在句中作賓語補足語)[即學即練]畫出下例句中的形容詞短語并指明構(gòu)成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.構(gòu)成形式: 副詞+形容詞(1)Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(2)The road is long enough.(3)The medicine is good for stomach.三、副詞短語(Adverb Phrases)副詞短語:指以一個副詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語,在句中的功能相當于副詞,可以修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。常見副詞短語的構(gòu)成形式有:(副詞)+副詞如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在這里工作。(副詞短語here yesterday修飾動詞did)②Bill did the work very well.比爾做的這份工作很好。副詞短語very well修飾動詞did③We are all entirely responsible for our action(副詞短語all entirely, 修飾形容詞短語responsible for)
【教材分析】The topic of this unit is about teenage life, which belongs to the theme context of “humans and oneself”.As teenagers who shoulder the responsibility of “Chinese great dream”, they must fully know themselves, including their strengths, weaknesses and challenges etc. They are supposed to improve themselves continuously and readily study their subjects, and thus foster their strategies and confidence in lifelong studies.This period is entitled the freshmen challenges, which mainly concerns some big challenges for new students in Senior high school. In this period, a teacher should lead students to find out what their challenges are and guide them to figure out how to crack the challenges and better themselves. More importantly, a teacher should instruct students to absorb new language points and appreciate the language. Besides, a teacher must instruct students to acquire some skills concerning reading efficiently and inspire them to talk more about their new school life, especially their new problems and solutions both at school and in life.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Enable students to acquire the basic usage of the new words and expressions concerning the freshmen challenges and learn to use them flexibly.2. Enable students to have a good understanding of the freshmen challenges in the new senior high school which is quite different from junior middle school.3. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 4. Develop students’ different learning skills to solve different reading comprehensive problems.
(5)be to do (可以和具體的時間狀語連用)①表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。②用于時間、條件狀語從句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學生們將在學校大門口集會。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必須努力工作。(6)be about to do (不與具體的時間狀語連用) 表示即將要發(fā)生的動作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學年開學在即。(7)一般現(xiàn)在時表將來①表示按時間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。常限于表示位置移動的短暫性動詞。②在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時刻表,快點!4026次航班的起飛時間是下午6點20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡很匆忙,因為去機場的火車半小時后出發(fā)。
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下來的三天里,您可以在當?shù)貙в蔚呐阃?,深入雨林進行探索,欣賞雨林特有的動植物。本句主體結(jié)構(gòu)為spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人將石頭切割成精確的尺寸,僅僅憑著石頭間的完美契合,即可穩(wěn)固墻體。本句為so that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句。nothing與the perfect fit為并列成分; other than在句中意為“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型,因此旅游計劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進行設(shè)計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級,還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時;3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時,不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
2. Sort out detailed information about Michael Jordan.(1) Understand the transitional sentence.Q: Which part is about Michael Jordan as a master? Which part is about the example he set?(2) Have the Ss Focus on why Michael Jordan is a master and what good examples Michael Jordan set when they’re reading. And think about these questions as below:Q1: How does the author describe his impressive skills?Q2: How do you understand “time seemed to stand still”?Q3: What does “graceful” mean?Q4. Which sentence do you think best describes his mental strength?Q5. Which words is important in the sentence in describing his mental strength? Why?Q6: How do you understand “unique”?Q7: What can we learn from Michael Jordan?Step 5 Discussing and recommendingRecommend their own living legends of sports.Work in groups to choose your own living legend of sports and give the reasons of your choice. Step 6 HomeworkReview the stories of Lang Ping and Michael Jordan, and try to retell them.
Then have them write a short paragraph to describe and explain their changes. After that, get the Ss to exchange their drafts with their partners and use the checklist to give feedback on their drafts, and finally revise it.Step 5 Summary of how to write a wellness book1.健康書的審題步驟:第一步:明確要求該寫作屬于經(jīng)驗分享,故要用第一人稱來寫;時態(tài)以一股現(xiàn)在時為主。第二步:確定段落該類文章可以從以下三個方面人手:Para.1首先表明寫作的目的Para.2自己的做法及心得體會Para.3表示期望及感謝第三步:提煉要點2.健康書常見句式:1) It is an honor for me to share my favorite sport with you,2) It makes me feel relaxed playing with my friends.3) It makes me rid myself of stress while playing with my friends.4) Moreover, it provides me a valuable chance to communicate with others.5) I we eat too little or too much, or if we choose the wrong food, we may become sick.6) We can do something to change the poor situation.Step 6Homework假如你的老師讓你在班級Wellness Bok上分享自己的親身經(jīng)歷及心得,請根據(jù)以下要點寫一篇80字左右的文章1. 你喜歡的運動是什么?2. 你最喜歡的原因是什么?3. 你參加鍛煉的體會。