教師活動:針對學生的辯論作點評、總結(jié):(4)勤儉節(jié)約、艱苦奮斗勤儉節(jié)約、艱苦奮斗是我國的傳統(tǒng)美德,是一種民族精神,而不是一種具體的消費行為。作為精神,它是永遠不過時的。特別是我國還處在社會主義的初級階段,生產(chǎn)力水平還比較低,還面臨人口、資源等壓力,我們更應(yīng)該發(fā)揚勤儉節(jié)約、艱苦奮斗的優(yōu)良作風。從個人思想品德的修養(yǎng)角度講,有利于個人優(yōu)秀品德的形成和情操的陶冶,是有志者應(yīng)該具備的精神狀態(tài)。當然,不能把勤儉節(jié)約、艱苦奮斗與合理消費對立起來,勤儉節(jié)約不是抑制消費而是說不要浪費??傊?,以上四個原則,是科學消費觀的具體要求,我們要理解和掌握這些原則,并用他們指導(dǎo)自己的消費行為,既有益于個人,也有益于社會,將促進個人的健康發(fā)展和社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評 本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了價格變動對人們生活、生產(chǎn)的影響作用,主要知識框架如下:(1)、價格變動會影響人們的消費需求,商品價格上漲,人需求就減少,反之,則增大。價格變動對不同商品需求影響程度是不一樣的,對生活必需品的需求量影響較小,對高檔耐用品的需求量影響較大。相關(guān)商品價格變動對消費需求的影響不同,某種商品價格上漲,就會減少需求量,其替代品需求量增加,其互補品需求量則減少。(2)、價格變化也會影響生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營,價格變動會調(diào)節(jié)生產(chǎn),刺激生產(chǎn)者改進技術(shù),提高勞動生產(chǎn)率,促使生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)適銷對路的高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品?!镎n余作業(yè) 運用所學知識說明,價格變動為什么會促使生產(chǎn)者提高勞動生產(chǎn)率?★教學體會 本節(jié)學習內(nèi)容,教學中注意多引用生活、市場中的實際例子,讓學生在具體、感性材料中,感悟其中包含的經(jīng)濟學道理,學會獨立分析,切忌機械記憶。
貸款消費不僅滿足了消費者的生活需要,提高了消費者的生活質(zhì)量,而且促進了經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,特別是我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進入買方市場后,貸款消費對擴大內(nèi)需,拉動經(jīng)濟的增長起來重要的作用。所以,我們要轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)的消費觀念,以積極的態(tài)度來對待貸款消費,通過貸款消費滿足來滿足當前的需要,通過生活質(zhì)量。當然,在貸款消費是也要考慮自己的償還能力,還要講究信用,按時還貸。(3)按消費的目的不同,可分為生存資料消費、發(fā)展資料消費和享受資料消費。其中生存資料消費是最基本的消費。隨著經(jīng)濟水平的提高,發(fā)展資料和享受資料消費將逐漸增加。3、消費結(jié)構(gòu) 教師活動:引導(dǎo)學生看書,指出(1)消費結(jié)構(gòu)的含義:就是指人們各類消費支出在消費總支出中所占的比重。教師活動:引導(dǎo)學生分析個人及家庭消費狀況的變化,說明對消費結(jié)構(gòu)的理解,并總結(jié)消費結(jié)構(gòu)的變化特點。學生活動:積極討論,踴躍發(fā)言
總之,依法維護勞動者合法權(quán)益,是保障勞動者主人翁地位的前提,是充分調(diào)動勞動者積極性、創(chuàng)造性,使之成為改革開放和社會主義建設(shè)主力軍的保證。也是促進勞動力資源合理配置,促進經(jīng)濟持續(xù)、快速、健康發(fā)展的需要。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評★課余作業(yè)某企業(yè)由于生產(chǎn)任務(wù)較大,在未經(jīng)勞動行政部門批準的情況下,廠長強行讓部分職工延長勞動時間,每天加時工作,星期天也照常上班,不讓休息。到月底,部分職工全月累計加班加點高達120小時,也不發(fā)加班工資。根據(jù)上述材料回答:你認為該廠的做法是否合法?為什么?勞動者依法享有哪些權(quán)利?該廠的做法侵害了勞動者的哪些權(quán)利?這些工人應(yīng)當怎么辦?★教學體會本節(jié)學習勞動者的權(quán)利和樹立什么樣的就業(yè)觀等問題,與大家的生活聯(lián)系比較密切。因此,在講解過程中要通過大量的實例和對比,引導(dǎo)學生思考和討論,將市場經(jīng)濟中的一些理論知識潛移默化的給學生。
(2)、價值規(guī)律 教師總結(jié):通過這一節(jié)的學習我們明白了一個道理:商品的價值量由生產(chǎn)商品的社會必要勞動時間決定,商品交換以價值量為基礎(chǔ)實行等價交換。這一經(jīng)濟原則就叫做價值規(guī)律。受供求關(guān)系影響,商品價格圍繞價值上下波動,是價值規(guī)律要求發(fā)生作用的具體表現(xiàn)。(3)、價格圍繞價值上下波動是價值規(guī)律的表現(xiàn)形式(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評 本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述的主要知識如下:1、氣候、時間、地域、生產(chǎn)、習俗等因素會改變供求關(guān)系狀況,供求關(guān)系變化影響價格變動,形成賣方市場和買方市場。2、商品價格由價值決定,價值量與社會必要勞動時間成正比,與勞動生產(chǎn)率成反比。3、商品價格由價值決定,并受供求關(guān)系影響,在二者共同作用下形成市場價格。4、社會必要勞動時間決定商品價值量,商品交換以價值量為基礎(chǔ)實行等價交換,是價值規(guī)律的基本內(nèi)容,價格圍繞價值上下波動是價值規(guī)律的表現(xiàn)形式。
教師總結(jié):社會主義市場經(jīng)濟是使市場在國家宏觀調(diào)控下起基礎(chǔ)性配置作用的經(jīng)濟,充分發(fā)揮市場基礎(chǔ)性調(diào)節(jié)作用,就必須主要靠經(jīng)濟手段、法律手段,而不是行政手段。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評這節(jié)課我們重點學習了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的有關(guān)知識,知道了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的基本特征,以及國家宏觀調(diào)控的含義、目標和主要手段。這對于我們在經(jīng)濟生活中正確地認識我國市場經(jīng)濟的性質(zhì)和作用,理解國家宏觀調(diào)控的措施及意義,增強社會主義優(yōu)越感和民族自強意識,自覺投身現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)等將有重大指導(dǎo)作用?!镎n余作業(yè) 討論:聯(lián)系經(jīng)濟生活中國家宏觀調(diào)控的實例,討論應(yīng)如何認識和理解國家各種宏觀調(diào)控手段的綜合運用,對國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的意義?!锝虒W體會 本節(jié)內(nèi)容與學生生活實際聯(lián)系密切,在學習中應(yīng)該多引入日常生產(chǎn)、生活中常見的一些宏觀調(diào)控實例,讓學生去深刻理解、把握宏觀調(diào)控手段及其作用。
教師點撥:這則材料說明,市場調(diào)節(jié)有其局限性,單純的市場調(diào)節(jié)具有自發(fā)性、盲目性、滯后性等缺點。市場調(diào)節(jié)不是萬能的。社會生活中有很多領(lǐng)域和產(chǎn)品不能用市場來調(diào)節(jié),如國防、治安、消防等產(chǎn)品的供給問題,槍支彈藥、麻醉品等都不能讓市場來調(diào)節(jié)。市場調(diào)節(jié)具有自發(fā)性、盲目性、滯后性。自發(fā)性:由于市場調(diào)節(jié)是在價值規(guī)律自發(fā)作用下進行的,在利益驅(qū)動下會產(chǎn)生一些違反市場原則的行為,如制造、銷售假冒偽劣商品,大量排放廢水、廢氣破壞環(huán)境,竊取他人智力成果等等。盲目性:由于人們不可能完全掌握生產(chǎn)各方面信息及其變化趨勢,致使決策帶有一定的盲目性。如某種商品有利可圖則一哄而上,反之則一哄而退,從而造成資源浪費和消費得不到充分滿足。滯后性:由于市場價格的形成和傳遞有一個過程,一旦傳遞到生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者手中進行生產(chǎn)調(diào)整,就有一個時間差,致使市場調(diào)節(jié)帶有滯后性,成為一種事后調(diào)節(jié)。
教師總結(jié):近二十多年來,我國個人所得稅的征收發(fā)展迅速,這也反映了我國經(jīng)濟水平、人民生活收入有了較大提高。與增值稅的計稅方法不同,個人所得稅采用累進稅率的計稅辦法,就是個人所得越高,稅率越高,納稅人個人收入越多,繳納個人所得稅越多。這一特點從教材83頁個人所得稅稅率表上可以看出。教師點撥:個人所得稅的計算辦法是分段計算的,個人收入800元以內(nèi)不計稅,多余800元以上部分,按不同稅率分段計稅。請同學們計算教材所列題目。學生活動:計算。應(yīng)稅所得額:4000元;不超過500元部分:25元;500――2000元部分:150元;2000――4000元部分:300元;累計所得稅:475元教師活動:同學們想一想,這樣計算個人所得稅有什么意義呢?學生活動:認真思考,回答問題教師點撥:有利于增加財政收入,有利于調(diào)節(jié)個人收入分配,實現(xiàn)社會公平。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評
(3)騙稅 騙稅是指納稅人用欺騙手段獲得國家稅收優(yōu)惠的行為。教師活動:請同學們看教材87頁“相關(guān)鏈接”,了解騙稅行為的特點和法律處罰規(guī)定。學生活動:認真閱讀,積極思考。(4)抗稅 抗稅是指納稅人以暴力、威脅等手段,拒不繳納稅款的行為。教師活動:請同學們看教材87頁“相關(guān)鏈接”,了解騙稅行為的特點和法律處罰規(guī)定。學生活動:認真閱讀,積極思考。3、公民要增強稅收監(jiān)督意識教師活動:請同學們看教材88頁“相關(guān)鏈接”,思考公民如何維護國家稅收工作?學生活動:認真閱讀,積極思考。教師總結(jié):公民是國家稅收的最終負稅人,應(yīng)自覺增強稅收監(jiān)督意識,以主人翁的態(tài)度積極監(jiān)督國家公職人員及公共權(quán)力的行為,關(guān)注稅收的征收和使用情況,對他們的違法行為進行批評、檢舉,維護國家利益和自身利益。
(四)反思總結(jié),當堂檢測。本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了價格變動對人們生活、生產(chǎn)的影響作用,主要知識框架如下:(1)、價格變動會影響人們的消費需求,商品價格上漲,人需求就減少,反之,則增大。價格變動對不同商品需求影響程度是不一樣的,對生活必需品的需求量影響較小,對高檔耐用品的需求量影響較大。相關(guān)商品價格變動對消費需求的影響不同,某種商品價格上漲,就會減少需求量,其替代品需求量增加,其互補品需求量則減少。(2)、價格變化也會影響生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營,價格變動會調(diào)節(jié)生產(chǎn),刺激生產(chǎn)者改進技術(shù),提高勞動生產(chǎn)率,促使生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)適銷對路的高 質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品。(五)發(fā)導(dǎo)學案、布置預(yù)習。預(yù)習第三課第一框《消費及其類型》,完成預(yù)習導(dǎo)學案練習題九、板書設(shè)計《價格變動的影響》1、對人們生活的影響(1)商品價格變動與消費需求量之間的關(guān)系(2)不同商品的需求量對價格變動的反應(yīng)程度不同
二、做理智的消費者1、量入為出,適度消費2、避免盲從,理性消費3、保護環(huán)境,綠色消費4、勤儉節(jié)約,艱苦奮斗十、教學反思本課的設(shè)計采用了課前下發(fā)預(yù)習學案,學生預(yù)習本節(jié)內(nèi)容,找出自己迷惑的地方。課堂上師生主要解決重點、難點、疑點、考點、探究點以及學生學習過程中易忘、易混點等,最后進行當堂檢測,課后進行延伸拓展,以達到提高課堂效率的目的。這節(jié)課我們主要學習了影響人們消費的幾種消費心理和幾種科學的消費觀。本節(jié)課與學生生活十分貼近所以這節(jié)課充分的調(diào)動了學生學習的興趣和積極性,并且讓學生針對案例進行充分的分組討論分析,通過學生的展示分析和補充可以知道學生們不但深層次分析了教學原理也透徹理解了教學重難點大大提高了課堂效率.。通過案例的分析進一步領(lǐng)會了教材原理突破了本節(jié)課的難點——樹立正確的消費觀。整堂課學生求知旺盛,復(fù)雜的知識變得簡單化,從閱讀教材到獨立思考分析再到合作討論最后的展示質(zhì)疑答疑,加深了印象,提高了能力。
1、外匯與外幣的關(guān)系:(1)外匯包括外幣,但外匯不等于就是外幣。外幣是指外國的貨幣,包括外國的紙幣、鑄幣;外匯通常是以外國貨幣表示的用于國際間結(jié)算的支付手段,具體包括外幣、外幣有價證券、外幣支付憑證等。(2)外幣屬于外匯的范圍,但不能把二者等同起來。通常情況下,只有可以自由兌換的外幣才是外匯,因為外匯的實質(zhì)是國際支付手段,如果某種貨幣不能自由兌換,它就不能成為國際支付手段。外匯執(zhí)行的 主要是貨幣的支付手段的職能。(3)持有外匯意味著對外匯發(fā)行國擁有債權(quán)。持有外匯過多,一方面意味著國際支付能力強和有可能對外匯發(fā)行國施加影響;另一方面則意味著大量該由本國享受的資源,被借給外國利用,并要承擔外匯貶值的風險。2、關(guān)于幣值變化的分析:(1)對貨幣升值的具體分析:一個國家的貨幣升值(上浮)后,同量的這種貨幣能比以前換 取更多的他國貨幣,買到更多的他國商品。
2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.(說板書設(shè)計)On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.
Step 7 Language points 1.Vocabulary (1) go through (2) set down (3) a series of (4) on purpose (5) in order to (6)at dusk (7)entirely (8)face to face 2.Important sentences (1)…I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (2)There was a time when … (3)I stayed awake on purpose until … (4)It was the first time … that I’d seen the night … (5)It’s no pleasure looking through … Purpose: 1.Master the required vocabulary and sentence structures. 2.Use them freely. Step 8 Consolidation 1.Find out the topic sentences 2.Retell the text according to the topic sentences Purpose: I want to know if my students understand the text. Step 9 Discussion Imagine you have to go into hiding like Anne and her family, what would you miss most? Giveyour reasons. Purpose: Train Ss’ oral English ability. Step 10 Homework Write an article on Friends. Purpose: 1. Improve the Ss’ writing ability. 2 Train the Ss’ ability of self—teaching and looking up information by themselves. Part 5 Blackboard design(說板書設(shè)計)Unit 1 Friendship Reading Anne’s Best Friend 1.Main idea of each paragraph: Para. 1 Anne made her diary her best friend. Para .2 Anne wrote her feelings in her diary. Para .3 Anne missed nature. Para.4 Anne saw the night face to face Para.5 Anne wanted to experience nature outdoors. 2.Listening: Exx.1 P3 3.Discussion: Exx.3 P3 Purpose: 1.Make Ss familiar with the passage 2.Make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.
(3)v. 給:提出;展現(xiàn),顯現(xiàn)present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交給;頒發(fā);授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日時,他的朋友們送給他一套郵票作為禮物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 這家人把寶劍捐贈給了博物館。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委員會將在六月向議會提交最后的報告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展現(xiàn)自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至關(guān)重要的是我們要表現(xiàn)得更加團結(jié)。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.
In this step, give students a few minutes to read the passage . While they are reading, I will write some key words of the text on the blackboard. Then ask students to retell the passage according to the key words.By retelling, students can improve their ability of language organization and have an overall understanding of the article.Step 4 Group discussionIn this step, students will be divided into groups of 4 to discussion the following question: What qualities make a great person?After their discussion, invite a few groups to make a report to the class.This group discussion can practice students’ oral English and cultivate their abilities of cooperation and communication.Step 5. HomeworkLet students write a short passage to introduce a great person he or she admires.The homework can consolidate the knowledge the students have learned and cultivate their writing ability. Part 6 Blackboard Design(板書設(shè)計)That’s all my teaching procedures. Finally, I’d like to say sth about part 6 blackboard design. On the top is the title. On the left, there will be some new words and expressions. In the middle of the blackboard, I will write some useful sentence structures so that the students can know clearly what they’ve learned and then try to master the knowledge.OK. That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.
(5)be to do (可以和具體的時間狀語連用)①表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。②用于時間、條件狀語從句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學生們將在學校大門口集會。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必須努力工作。(6)be about to do (不與具體的時間狀語連用) 表示即將要發(fā)生的動作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學年開學在即。(7)一般現(xiàn)在時表將來①表示按時間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。常限于表示位置移動的短暫性動詞。②在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時刻表,快點!4026次航班的起飛時間是下午6點20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡很匆忙,因為去機場的火車半小時后出發(fā)。
無論她說什么都不會對我們的安排有影響。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母為孩子安排好一切,不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。4. extremely adv 極其,非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)找工作極其困難。給你添了麻煩,我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的紅色車廂,結(jié)果證明它非常受大眾的歡迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking單句寫作:1. _______________ (你要說些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我們?yōu)檫@些事情做好了準備), we have nothing to worry about.
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下來的三天里,您可以在當?shù)貙?dǎo)游的陪同下,深入雨林進行探索,欣賞雨林特有的動植物。本句主體結(jié)構(gòu)為spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人將石頭切割成精確的尺寸,僅僅憑著石頭間的完美契合,即可穩(wěn)固墻體。本句為so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。nothing與the perfect fit為并列成分; other than在句中意為“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應(yīng)用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型,因此旅游計劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進行設(shè)計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級,還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時;3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時,不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
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