第一,全面的家訪,深入到每一個家庭細致了解,與家長學生面對面的交流,加強了社會,家庭,學生的聯(lián)系,了解了家長的期望與要求。了解了學生的個性與想法,加強了師生感情,家訪對以后的工作將起到積極的作用?! 〉诙?,全面的家訪,了解了家長對子女的關(guān)切與期望,也了解了一些學生家庭的困境,增強了我們的責任感,也讓我們更加熱愛學生,熱愛工作?! 〉谌?,交換訪談方式,為家訪工作增加新的內(nèi)涵。隨著社會的發(fā)展,家訪的'方式也隨著改變。由于人們的職業(yè)特點、個人閱歷、經(jīng)濟狀況、文化素質(zhì)、思想修養(yǎng)、性格脾氣各不相同,學生家長可分為好多不同的類型。作為班主任應(yīng)該具體問題具體分析,“到什么山唱什么歌”。
一、教材分析1、教學對象分析《再別康橋》的教學對象是高一學生,高一學生往往對那種純粹的、原始的、本真的情感體會較為膚淺,《再別康橋》是新月派詩人徐志摩的傳世之作,有極高美學價值,它所抒發(fā)的離愁別緒是人類共同的情感經(jīng)歷,通過誦讀容易將學生帶人詩境,喚醒他們沉寂的真情,從而引起強烈的共鳴。 2、教材地位及作用 高中語文第一冊第一單元為詩歌單元,本單元收錄了中國現(xiàn)當代的一些優(yōu)秀詩篇。《再別康橋》安排在本單元的第二課,屬于必讀課。雖然本詩向來眾說紛紜,但其藝術(shù)之美人所共知,培養(yǎng)學生高尚的審美情趣和良好的審美創(chuàng)造力是語文學科的任務(wù),因此,從語言賞析入手,從情感體驗切入,就可以讓學生通過學習本課體會現(xiàn)代詩歌的特點,多方面感受體悟詩歌的情感,受到美的熏陶。
(2).教學手段為了使我根據(jù)教材而設(shè)計的三個教學目標以及重點難點得以的突出和突破,達到最大化的展示境界,同時也為了配合以上我選擇的四種教法得以完滿實現(xiàn),我決定采用“多媒體”教學手段進行全程教學。利用電腦的信息容量大,操作簡便等優(yōu)點,形象生動的直觀展示教學內(nèi)容,不但提高學習效率和質(zhì)量,而且容易激發(fā)學生的學習興趣和調(diào)動學習的積極性。四、說學法我為學生設(shè)計了三個學習方法:1.讓學生學會在探究中學。通過“對黑人嚴酷處境的探究”和對文中重點語句的探究,培養(yǎng)學生在探究中學習的能力。2.讓學生學會在讀中學。通過“誦讀法”指導學生在誦讀過程中感受演講詞內(nèi)在的魅力,學會在讀中學。3.讓學生學會在練習中學。通過“課外延伸練習法”,對所學的知識進行運用,培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新和自學能力。
(二)分析課文,理清思路第1、2段為第一部分,主要是敘事、寫景,先敘述集會的時間、地點,然后渲染出蘭亭優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境。在這里足以“游目騁懷”“極視聽之娛”,可以自由地觀察、思考,滿足人們目視耳聞的需求。這里正是與會“暢敘幽情”、盡興盡歡的絕好處所。這些描寫都富有詩情畫意,作者的情感是輕松愉快的。第3、4段為第二部分,主要是抒情、議論,作者由美景妙時引發(fā)出樂與憂、生與死的感慨。他認為人生的快樂是有極限的,待快樂得到滿足時,就會感覺興味索然。往事轉(zhuǎn)眼間便成為歷史,人到了生命的盡頭就會死亡。作者由“一死生為虛誕,齊彭殤為妄作”的認識,產(chǎn)生了一種珍惜時間、眷戀生活、熱愛文明的思考。雖然文中的壽夭、生死不能自由決定,從而有些傷感,但作者仍然認識到盛衰、生死是必然的。人生無常,時不我待,故著文留傳后世,以承襲前人,啟示來者。
4、本文的重點是說辭,雖僅百余字,卻委婉曲折,步步進逼,層層深入,表現(xiàn)出高超的勸說藝術(shù)、游說技巧。讓學生細細品味并概括說辭中包含幾層意思。第一層(“秦、晉圍鄭,鄭既知亡矣”),分析形勢,以退為進,博得好感。第二層(“若亡鄭而有益于君”至“君之薄也”),亡鄭陪鄰,動搖聯(lián)盟。第三層(“若舍鄭以為東道主”至“君亦無所害”),存鄭有益,利益引誘。第四層(“且君嘗為晉君賜矣”至“唯君圖之”),追溯歷史,深入離間。可見燭之武面對大國的君主,巧舌如簧,不卑不亢,從容辭令,既不刺激對方也不失本國尊嚴,語言的分寸掌握得恰到好處。表現(xiàn)出燭之武機智善辯的外交才能。5、面對風云突變的局勢,晉侯沒有感情用事,而表現(xiàn)了清醒的頭腦和理智的判斷。這種隱忍不發(fā)、隨機應(yīng)變的胸懷和謀略,正是晉文公終成霸業(yè)的根本原因。設(shè)計意圖:本環(huán)節(jié)的重點是全面把握燭之武這一人物性格特征,以及退秦師過程中體現(xiàn)出的非凡的膽識以及高超的謀略和語言藝術(shù)。
一、說教材《短歌行》是普通高中課程標準實驗教科書必修(二)第二單元的一篇略讀課文,本單元安排的是先秦到南北朝時期的詩歌?!抖谈栊小肥侵渭摇④娛录?、文學家曹操的作品。詩中抓住“憂”字來寫詩人為什么“憂”,如何解“憂”,從而表達希望能夠招攬人才、完成統(tǒng)一天下的雄心壯志。所以本單元安排《短歌行》一詩,對學生全面了解曹操,感受曹操在短暫的人生中竭力創(chuàng)造偉業(yè)的氣概。二、說學生我這一課的教學對象是高一學生。他們進入高中學習的時間只有三個多月,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了必修(一)的學習。學習了現(xiàn)代詩歌單元,有了一定的詩歌學習基礎(chǔ),初步掌握了讀詩的基本方法,但是還未能形成成熟的穩(wěn)定的學習方式。同時,本單元學習是高中第一次接觸古代詩歌,詩歌語言上的障礙和時間上的跨度對他們來說都是學習上的困難。因此教師要引導學生自主學習,合作學習,為他們設(shè)置新的學習情境,提供合作探究的機會。
一、導入新課人類社會越來越現(xiàn)代化,新科學技術(shù)日新月異,令人目不暇接,稱之到了“知識爆炸”的時代也毫不為過。由此而來的是生活的快節(jié)奏,學習和工作的競爭也越來越激烈。這種競爭一直波及到了兒童,加之中國幾千年來形成的望子成龍的傳統(tǒng)觀念,使作父母的把一切希望都寄托在孩子身上,實現(xiàn)自己未能實現(xiàn)的理想。祖孫三代4、2、1的局面,使12只眼睛都盯在了孩子身上,真是走路怕摔著,吃飯怕噎著,干活怕累著,要星星不敢摘月亮,要吃什么跑遍全城也要買來。這種過分保護、溺愛及過早地灌輸知識會得到什么結(jié)果呢?樂觀者說孩子越來越聰明,越來越早熟,將來能更好適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化的要求;悲觀者則認為豆芽菜式的孩子將來經(jīng)不起風浪,小皇帝太多了很難凝聚成統(tǒng)一力量,將來誰去當兵,誰去干那些艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)性工作……。對孩子本身來說,是幸福還是……在此不想多發(fā)議論,還是讓我們來看看動物世界的孩子們吧,也許會得到某種啟迪。
本文篇幅較長,并且有一字句不易理解,因而對高一學生來說完全讀懂內(nèi)容有一些困難。這樣的話,老師就要做好引導工作,把一些難點,或是出現(xiàn)詞類活用比較多,局勢比較特殊的句子,老師可以先給學生畫出來,存疑,或是與同學們一起討論解決。對那些不易懂的字詞就引導學生聯(lián)系上下文提供的語境、前后涉及的情節(jié)加以推測、判斷,以培養(yǎng)學生依據(jù)文脈推斷詞義的好方法。要求學生點出重點實詞、框出通假字,主要是為幫助學生積累和掌握一些文言文中常見的一詞多義、異讀現(xiàn)象、古今異義和通假現(xiàn)象的詞語,并進一步得出規(guī)律,指導今后的文言文學習。詞類活用和特殊句式在文言文翻譯中難度較大,也是本文教學的兩大難點。要求學生標出有活用現(xiàn)象的字和劃出句式特殊的句子,是基于兩點考慮:1、積累一定數(shù)量的第一手例句;2、引導學生加以分類,找出每類的相同特征,并抽取出來形成規(guī)律性的東西,從而上升到理性認識,使學生能由學會一個到會學多個。翻譯過程中注重指導學生養(yǎng)成用符號法表示重點字句的好習慣,如點、框、圈、劃線等符號應(yīng)約定一致,便于突出翻譯中的重點、難點及復習。我的提示著重歸納了實詞“制”“亡”“遺”“利”等,名詞活用、形容詞活用、使動用法,被動句、狀語后置句。
《勸學》是普通高中課程標準試驗教科書語文必修三第三單元的重點篇目,該文集中反映著名思想家荀子在學習問題上的觀點和精彩斐然的論證藝術(shù)。該單元所選課文都是古代的議論性散文。通過本單元的學習在于讓學生感受我國傳統(tǒng)文化的精神,掌握基礎(chǔ)的文言語法知識,學習如何清晰有力的表達自己的思想和見解。本文安排在單元的第一篇,如何指導學生學好這篇課文,是實現(xiàn)“授之以漁”,樹立學生學好文言文的信心,掌握文言學習方法的關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)新課標倡導從“知識與能力”、“過程與方法”、“情感態(tài)度與價值觀”三方面出發(fā)設(shè)計課程目標的要求和高一的學生對于文言文的知識還在積累的階段,應(yīng)該注重基礎(chǔ)知識的積累和一定量的誦讀的實際情況。我擬確定以下教學目標:1,了解荀子論述學習的思想,明確學習要靠積累、堅持不懈、專心致志的道理。2,掌握積累文言實詞、虛詞,活用、古今異議等現(xiàn)象和固定句式。
(有的恒星旋轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)均衡,有些恒星是因快速旋轉(zhuǎn)而變了形。作者以擬人的手法,生動形象地描述,仿佛向我們展示了不同恒星的性情:有的穩(wěn)重沉靜,有的急切躁動。讀來生動有趣,妙趣橫生。)(3)我們探索宇宙的時候,既要勇于懷疑,又要富于想象。想象經(jīng)常能夠把我們帶領(lǐng)到嶄新的世界,沒有想象,我們就處處碰壁。懷疑可以使我們擺脫幻想,還可以檢驗我們的推測。(對于未知領(lǐng)域的探索是需要懷疑和想象的,想象是科學的翅膀,敢于想象,并不斷地探索驗證,所謂“大膽假設(shè),小心求證”懷疑否定舊知,產(chǎn)生新知。作者以簡潔的語言闡述了想象和懷疑看似矛盾的兩者在宇宙探索中的相輔相成,和諧統(tǒng)一。作者不囿于介紹宇宙知識,還發(fā)表自己的見解。)(4)我認為宇宙里很可能到處都充滿著生命,只是我們?nèi)祟惿形窗l(fā)現(xiàn)而已。我們的探索才剛剛開始。
三、辛亥革命的結(jié)局1.袁世凱竊取革命果實由課件給出竊取革命果實的簡單過程,幫學生理清思路,創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境,由學生分析革命果實被竊取的原因,教師給以補充并揭示根本原因,貫穿整個革命的資產(chǎn)階級的軟弱性和妥協(xié)性,再次加深對難點的理解。2.歷史功績辛亥革命性質(zhì)、功績由學生閱讀書本進行總結(jié),再加以補充讓學生在書本上做好記錄,強調(diào)最大功績是結(jié)束了兩千多年的君主專制政體。辛亥革命的失敗及其評價很易搞成生硬的一言堂形式,可以從多種角度把學生思維調(diào)動起來。這里采用列舉一個合作探究,自由討論的題目“有人認為辛亥革命因為沒有完成反帝反封建的革命任務(wù)而失敗,有人則認為辛亥革命是中國“從君主到民主”社會轉(zhuǎn)型的成功開始。你同意哪種看法?”要求同學們自由討論.各抒己見,大膽創(chuàng)新,言之在理即可.教師在一旁引導學生,活躍課堂氣氛.最后教者歸納總結(jié)學習歷史從不同的角度看問題可以得出不同的結(jié)論,學會用辯證的觀點看待歷史問題,對辛亥革命有個全面的認識。
“第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭”爆發(fā)的原因的講析,可通過出示英國在鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后在中國與洪都拉斯的正當貿(mào)易對比表,讓學生觀察和創(chuàng)設(shè)情景來得出結(jié)論。戰(zhàn)爭的經(jīng)過及影響,可以通過兩次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭形勢圖,以及一張相關(guān)的表格,從戰(zhàn)爭的根本目的、性質(zhì)、過程及影響等方面來比較兩次戰(zhàn)爭的異同,從而讓學生理解掌握“戰(zhàn)火再燃”其實就是中英鴉片戰(zhàn)爭的繼續(xù)和擴大。并理解“第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭”的如何使中國社會半殖民地半封建化的程度大大加深了。并突出英法兩國殖民者在占領(lǐng)北京期間所犯的滔天罪行。3、結(jié):結(jié)合板書設(shè)計,讓生自己總結(jié)這節(jié)課所學的內(nèi)容,并通過課后習題練于講相結(jié)合,來鞏固本課知識。在此基礎(chǔ)上對本課線索及主要知識點進行簡要的梳理。4、課題延伸:教材后探究學習總結(jié)中的一段材料,即《英國駐華商務(wù)監(jiān)督義律致英國外交大臣巴麥尊的機密件》,讓學生究義律對中國發(fā)動鴉片戰(zhàn)爭原因的說辭來展開探討,啟發(fā)學生運用辨證唯物主義的基本觀點,澄清和批駁在在一問題上的一些錯誤和謬論,從而提高學生辨別是非的能力和批判的能力.
1、教材的地位作用本課是新人教版普通高中歷史必修Ⅱ第六單元第18課的內(nèi)容,闡述羅斯福新政的背景、措施、影響。從單元知識安排看,本課與第17課《空前嚴重的資本主義世界經(jīng)濟危機》、19課《戰(zhàn)后資本主義的新變化》共同詮釋第六單元課題——《資本主義世界經(jīng)濟政策的調(diào)整》。說明了“資本主義經(jīng)濟理論和政策隨著資本主義發(fā)展而不斷調(diào)整的特點”,凸顯了“市場調(diào)節(jié)”和“國家干預”在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的重要性。從知識體系看,它是學生學習了第一次工業(yè)革命后自由資本主義、第二次工業(yè)革命后的壟斷資本主義等之后出現(xiàn)的,既是對上述知識的鞏固與綜合運用,又為學生學習必修二的相關(guān)內(nèi)容打下基礎(chǔ),有承上啟下的作用。本課三個子目從邏輯上看又是遞進關(guān)系。第一個子目“臨危受命”承上啟下,說明了羅斯福上臺的歷史背景具有臨危受命的特點,第二個子目“實施新政”講述了羅斯福新政的主要內(nèi)容,第三個子目“擺托危機困境”主要講述了羅斯福新政的影響。
一、說教材《開辟新航路》是高中《歷史·必修二》第5課的內(nèi)容。從三個方面向?qū)W生介紹了歐洲人開辟新航路的歷史:即新航路開辟的原因和條件、新航路開辟經(jīng)過以及影響。前4課內(nèi)容介紹了古代中國經(jīng)濟的基本結(jié)構(gòu)與特點,從第5課開始學習資本主義世界市場的形成和發(fā)展。本課內(nèi)容相當重要,上承古代中國,下啟近代世界。新航路的開辟,打破了世界相對隔絕的狀態(tài),世界真正開始融合為一個整體。從此,以西歐為中心的世界市場的雛形開始出現(xiàn)。隨后的殖民擴張,世界市場拓展;第一次工業(yè)革命,世界市場基本形成;第二次工業(yè)革命,世界市場發(fā)展。二、說目標1、課程標準概述迪亞士、哥倫布開辟新航路的史實,認識地理大發(fā)現(xiàn)對世界市場形成的意義。2、三維目標①知識與能力:掌握新航路開辟的原因、經(jīng)過、影響。②過程與方法:引導學生分析原因及影響,培養(yǎng)學生分析和歸納問題的能力。③情感態(tài)度與價值觀:A、通過對新航路開辟過程的學習,使學生感受和學習探險家們勇于進取的開拓精神。B、通過學習新航路開辟的影響,使學生認識新航路開辟促進了人類社會的整體發(fā)展。
Textbook: Senior English for China (Book 4), by Liu Daoyi Time Allotment: 1 period (40 minutes)Date: March 20, 2014Teaching aids: blackboard, Multi-media, Power Point, chalk I. Text Analysis (教材分析)This unit is about body language, and the text selected in the reading part demonstrates the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world. Through learning this passage, students are required to raise their awareness of using body language in different parts of the world. As body language is closely related to our daily life, it is easy to arouse students’ interest in learning this text. Reading skills and speaking training are designed around the text.II. Teaching Objectives (教學目標)By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Language Skill Objective(語言技能目標): develop reading ability (skimming and scanning)as well as speaking ability.2. Cultural Knowledge Objective(文化知識目標): know about the cultural differences of using body language.3. Affective Objective(情感目標): increase students’ awareness of using body language correctly in different cultures. III.Teaching Focuses and Difficulties(教學重點和難點)1. Teaching Focuses(教學重點): the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world.2. Teaching Difficulties(教學難點): develop students’ reading abilities of skimming and scanning and ask the students to show their opinions with fluent English.
Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure:
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龍)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
Good morning, distinguished judges:It’s my honor to talk about my teaching ideas with you. Today my topic is Women of Achievement. My presentation consists of six parts: the analysis of teaching material and student, teaching aims, key and difficult points, teaching and studying method, teaching procedures and blackboard design.First, let’s focus on the analysis of teaching material. This lesson is from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 4 Unit 1, the reading part. The main topic of the passage is the introduction of a student of Africanwildlife. After this lesson, the students will learn more information about her studying chimps in Africa, and their reading and speaking abilities can be developed as well.The next part is the analysis of students. My students are in senior high students. They have learnt English for many years, they’ve known many words and sentences, but their speaking and reading abilities are still not very good. So I will practice their speaking and reading abilities through different exercises.According to the New Standard Curriculum and the present situation, I set the teaching aims as follows: firstly, knowledge aims. Students can grasp some new words, such as worthwhile, move off. Moreover, students can understand the content of the passage and get familiar with the topic of studying chimps in wildlife. Secondly, ability aims. Students can use reading strategies such as skimming and scanning in reading process. Thirdly, emotional aims. Students can have the awareness of protecting animals and care about animals.Based on the above analysis, the key point of this lesson is to get the main idea and the detailed information from the passage; the difficult point is to talk about the wildlife protection and use reading strategies.
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design: