四、 學法指導1、查閱資料,了解詩人寫這首詩的處境,通過知人論世,理解詩歌。2、反復誦讀,聯(lián)系具體語境,品味詩歌的內(nèi)涵,感受詩歌的意蘊。3、欣賞詩人相關的其他作品及名言,在理解、感受詩歌的基礎上,領會詩人在詩歌中傳達出來的精神,樹立自我意識。五、教學過程環(huán)節(jié)一 常識補充1、文學革命:開始于1917年。它是晚清文學改良運動在新的歷史條件下的發(fā)展,是適應以思想革命為主要內(nèi)容的新文化運動而發(fā)生的。是新文化運動的一個組成部分,對封建思想的批判必然地轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)Ψ饨ㄖ髁x文學的攻擊,反對文言,提倡白話,反對舊文學,是提倡新文學的一場文學革命運動。在中國文學史上豎起一個鮮明的界碑,標示著古典文學的結(jié)束,現(xiàn)代文學的起始。主要從詩歌、小說、戲劇、散文四個文學領域開展。2、① 現(xiàn)代詩歌:指“五四運動”至中華人民共和國成立以來的詩歌。中國近現(xiàn)代詩歌的主體新詩,誕生于“五四”新文化運動。
(由于前一部分的鋪墊,學生會比較容易地歸納出在矛盾中和對比映襯中刻畫這兩條,而在初中學過的《孔乙己》等小說中刻畫方法也會使較多的學生聯(lián)想到個性化的語言和動作是使人物栩栩如生重要方法這一條,所以學生自己就可以很快歸納出來。)作業(yè):a.聯(lián)系情節(jié)背誦第三、四段;b.寫一篇讀后感,談談你從“鴻門宴”故事得到的啟示。六、說板書設計好的板書就像一份微型教案,我的板書力圖全面而簡明的將授課內(nèi)容傳遞給學生,清晰直觀,便于學生理解和記憶,理解文章主要內(nèi)容。最上方兩行分別橫寫標題“鴻門宴”和“司馬遷”。板書重心是項羽、劉邦的人物分析:上半部分左邊橫寫“項羽”,中間對應其主要性格“自矜功伐、為人不忍”,右邊對應其形勢的轉(zhuǎn)化情況“主動”到“被動”;下半部分左邊橫寫“劉邦”,中間對應其主要性格“能屈能伸、狡詐果斷”,右邊對應“被動”到“主動”,各自用線相連,上下形成鮮明對比。這個板書設計可以突出本文人物傳記的特色和人物的鮮明性格及由此產(chǎn)生的形勢逆轉(zhuǎn),是為教學重點的突出服務的。
1.誦讀法。鑒賞文學作品應在反復誦讀的基礎上進行,在誦讀的過程中,學生聲情并茂,有利于體會作者所表達的情感。2.情景教學法。借助多媒體輔助教學,營造良好的學習氛圍,激發(fā)學生的學習興趣。3.點撥、討論法。學生對老師設置的思考題以及自己不理解的地方進行討論,得出比較準確的答案,老師在適當?shù)臅r候給以點撥。學法:“新課標”旨在建立“自主—合作—探究”的學習方式,課堂上學生“學會學習”比“學會什么”更為重要,因此我設計如下學法:1、自主學習法:學生是學習的主體,讓學生帶著問題讀書,目的明確,學生邊讀邊思考問題,并簡單分析散文的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者所表達的情感。2、合作探究法:學生以小組合作的形式,選擇一個自己感受最深的語段以及文中的重點詞語去探討作者是怎樣表達他的悲痛之情的,然后交流各自的體會。
(六)說教學策略1.專題性海量的媒介信息必須加以選擇或者整合,以項目為依據(jù),進行信息篩選,形成專題性閱讀與交流;培養(yǎng)學生對文本信息“化零為整”的能力,提升跨媒介閱讀與交流學習的充實感。2.情境化情境教學應指向?qū)W生的應用,建構(gòu)富有符合時代氣息的內(nèi)容,與生活經(jīng)驗更加貼合,對學生的語言建構(gòu)與運用有所提升,在情境中能夠有效地進行交流。3.任務化以任務為導向的序列化學習,可以為學生構(gòu)建學習路線圖、學習框架等具體任務引導;或以跨媒介的認識與應用為任務的設置引導;甚至以閱讀和交流作為序列化安排的實踐引導。4.整合性跨媒介閱讀與交流是結(jié)合線上線下的資源,形成新的“超媒介”,也能實現(xiàn)對信息進行“深加工”,多種媒介的信息整合只為一個核心教學內(nèi)容服務。5.互文性語言文字是語文之生命,我們是立足于語言文字的探討,音樂、圖像、視頻等文本與傳統(tǒng)語言文字文本形成互文,觸發(fā)學生對學習內(nèi)容立體化和具體化的感悟,提升學生的審美能力。
(重點突破一)1、分析環(huán)境描寫 探討邊城的景美?(重點突破二)2、分析人物形象 探討邊城的人性美和人情美?至此,以三要素為切入口,文章的重點已分析完畢,下一個步驟就是突破難點。第二課時首先回顧上節(jié)課所講的內(nèi)容 (5分鐘)(四)(難點突破)探究主題我設計了這樣兩個問題:1、小說表達了什么樣的主題?(5分鐘)2、有人說:《邊城》從頭到尾都隱藏著一種淡淡的愁緒,說說你的認識?從這篇小說中你可以看出沈從文先生的哪些顯著的寫作特點?(15分鐘)這是兩個定向設問的探究題,目的性很明確,就是為了突破難點,探究文章主旨。為了幫助學生理解文章的主旨,我用多媒體向?qū)W生 介紹《邊城》的寫作背景,給出“邊城”的解題。對于第一個題,學生的答案可能會有很多種,比如“美”“愛”“純”“和諧”“自然”等等,只要能基本概括,理由充足即可。
1. 厘清全文的線索、情節(jié),體會小說結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹、清新俊逸的寫作風格。2. 分析通訊員、新媳婦的人物形象,通過品味生動的細節(jié)來感知人物身上洋溢的人性美、青春美。3.通過自主、合作、探究,從不同角度和層面發(fā)掘“百合花”這一主題的獨特意蘊。4.通過把握小說人性美、青春美的主題,引導學生提升自身的精神品質(zhì)和道德情操。教學重點是:通訊員及新媳婦的性格特征分析,小說如何通過細節(jié)描寫來塑造人物性格。教學難點是:從不同角度和層面發(fā)掘“百合花”這一主題的獨特意蘊?!窘虒W方法】本文篇幅較長,但我們決定用一個課時來完成教學任務,課前讓學生充分預習文本,自己搜集有關“百合花”的知識資料,自主梳理文章的故事情節(jié),自主歸納人物的形象、性格特點。課堂上采用情景激趣法、啟發(fā)誘導法、合作探究法等教學方法來引導學生學習探究,培養(yǎng)學生的文學鑒賞能力。
【說教材】《夢游天姥吟留別》是部編版必修上冊第三單元的一篇古詩詞。這個單元以生命的詩意為主題,匯集了不同時期、不同體式的詩詞名作。本詩的作者李白是浪漫主義詩人的代表,他以瑰麗的想象,在這首詩中為我們塑造了一個迷離的夢境。整首詩以七言為主,但不拘格律限制,行筆恣意灑脫,寄寓了自己深沉的身世之感【說學情】初中語文的古詩詞教學側(cè)重識記背誦,學生具備了一些文體知識,但還缺乏對古典詩歌進行系統(tǒng)性鑒賞的能力,進入高中階段,需要指導學生在理解文本表層含義的基礎上,深入解讀詩歌、表達自己的見解?!菊f教學目標】根據(jù)語文學科素養(yǎng)的要求,我確立了這四個教學目標。語言方面,要能熟讀內(nèi)容,結(jié)合注釋疏通文意,把握文中的關鍵字、詞、句的含義。思維方面,緣景明情,在誦讀過程中分析、感悟詩歌內(nèi)容。審美鑒賞與創(chuàng)造方面,要能鑒賞夢游的意境,體會李白的浪漫主義詩風,提高鑒賞能力;文化方面,要能夠品味詩人情感,感受其追求自由、不慕名利的高尚人格。
第二課時為知人。即利用預習所查到的資料、學生之間的分享以及教師預備的材料,合作探究三個問題:曹操為何如此渴望賢才?天下歸心的愿望是否實現(xiàn)?如何評價曹操?本課時采用創(chuàng)設情境的方式,從劉備、曹丕、晚年曹操等多重角度評價曹操,自領角色,利用資料有邏輯地證明自己的觀點。教師出示不同學者評價,師生共同研討評價的技巧和原則,嘗試寫作短小文學評論。這是解決憂的果。第三課時為回味。創(chuàng)設誦讀比賽的情境,在比賽和評價中研討標點符號的作用,如何讀出曹操詩歌獨特的特點,以及帶著對曹操的認識讀出自己的理解。(每組評出最佳朗讀者和最佳評論員,上傳優(yōu)秀視頻)。這是為了讓學生最后讀出憂。第五,板書設計。以上是我本節(jié)課教學設計的板書,體現(xiàn)了分析本首詩的基本思路和學習方法。
三、說學法(一)學情分析經(jīng)過初中階段對文言文的學習,學生初步了解一些文言實詞的意見、常見虛詞的用法以及詞性活用、古今異義、通假字等文言現(xiàn)象。但多靠機械記憶,忽略在文章內(nèi)容及句義章法的理解把握前提下記憶。且較少對點滴的文言知識進行歸納整理。(二)學法指導1、圈點評注法學習課文時用一些簡單醒目的符號,在字、詞、句、段上勾畫,標記疑問,評注閱讀時的感受、體會。形成自己的圈點勾畫的符號系統(tǒng),使用符號時不應隨意變動,以便重讀復習文章。2、通過“粗讀”“通讀”“品讀”“齊讀”“個別范讀”等多種形式的朗讀,指導學生整體把握文章內(nèi)容及思路。在此前提下,設計遷移閱讀,引導學生觸類旁通,學以致用,達到以讀促說,以讀促寫。四、說教學程序(第一課時)
8、板書裝在套子里的人別里科夫的形象——有形的套子套己——無形的套子套人第二課時合作探究:目標挖掘主題及現(xiàn)實意義。問題設置,銜接上節(jié)課內(nèi)容,層層深入。1、結(jié)合上節(jié)課別里科夫的形象分析:他的思想被什么套住,其悲劇原因在哪?(根據(jù)人物形象的分析與社會背景的了解,直擊主題。)沙皇腐朽的專制統(tǒng)治套住了他的思想,沙皇的清規(guī)戒律使他不敢越雷池一步,所以他是受害者,但他的身份性格以及特定的社會環(huán)境,又讓他成為沙皇統(tǒng)治的捍衛(wèi)者。2、他戀愛的情節(jié)以及科瓦連科這兩個人物的塑造的意義?(從人物以及主題入手,推翻沙皇的腐朽反動的統(tǒng)治,必須是每一個人都敢于打破套子,喚醒革新,更新觀念,拒絕腐朽。)別里科夫渴望打破束縛,也想革新,而科瓦連科兩個人物體現(xiàn)朝氣活潑,以及勇于打破常規(guī)束縛的勇氣,為革新升起了一片曙光。3、塑造別里科夫的手法,除了一般刻畫人物方法外,還有什么方法?
一、說教材選修課是在必修課程基礎上的拓展與提高,它力爭促進學生各自特長和個性的形成。我們在必修部分已經(jīng)學習了李白的一首古風《蜀道難》,學生對李白其人及其詩風已有了一定的了解。本單元的任務是“因聲求氣,吟詠詩韻”,它要求我們通過對古典詩歌聲律特點的把握,學習有感情地吟詠,誦讀作品,并深入地了解詩歌的感情。《將進酒》一詩時而奔放,時而深沉,感情大起大落變化明顯,學生容易進入吟詠和體會情感的體驗閱讀中。二、說教法學法現(xiàn)代語文觀念中提倡語文教學要多讀,要培養(yǎng)學生的語感,特別是對一些優(yōu)秀的古詩文??梢娫趯W習古代詩文的過程中,誦讀是非常重要的,有助于加深學生對課文思想內(nèi)容的理解??梢栽诶首x中理解詩文的內(nèi)容,所謂“讀書百遍其義自見”,在反復的朗讀中可以慢慢體會詩人所要表達的思想感情,因此本堂課我采取以誦讀為線索,完成對詩歌思想內(nèi)容的理性思考。
一、抓住特點說教材《小英雄雨來(節(jié)選)》部編版小學語文四年級下冊第六單元的講讀課文,課文節(jié)選自作家管樺寫的同名中篇小說,講的是抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期,晉察冀邊區(qū)的少年雨來,聰明勇敢,游泳本領高強,為了掩護革命干部,機智地同敵人作斗爭的故事。我在解讀本文時特別關注了三點:一是故事情節(jié)跌宕起伏,將一位熱愛祖國、不畏強敵的少年英雄塑造的活靈活現(xiàn)。二是文章中有些語句含義比較深刻,三是課文分六部分,每部分用空行隔開,便于訓練學生的歸納概括能力。教學目標:1.自主學習字詞,會認“晉、扭”等17個生字,會寫“晉、炕”等15個生字,理解字義,識記字形。2.體會雨來的英雄品質(zhì),激發(fā)愛國情感。3.品味課文如何進行環(huán)境描寫,體會這樣描寫的好處。
【說教材】這篇課文節(jié)選自作家管樺寫的同名中篇小說,選入課文時有改動,講的是在那戰(zhàn)火連天、槍炮轟鳴的抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期,晉察冀邊區(qū)的少年雨來,聰明勇敢,游泳本領高強,為了掩護革命干部,機智地同敵人作斗爭的故事,本文圍繞這一主題,課文分六個部分敘述?!菊f目標】1.自學生字新詞,掌握讀音,理解詞義;(課前完成)2.用比較快的速度默讀課文,練習給每部分加上小標題3.理解課文內(nèi)容,體會雨來與敵人英勇、頑強、機智地作斗爭的英雄品質(zhì)。
(1)作比較?!拔覈慕ㄖ瑥墓糯膶m殿到近代的一般住房,絕大部分是對稱的……蘇州園林可絕不講究對稱。”(作用:將蘇州園林的建筑不對稱性與其他建筑的對稱性作比較,更加突出蘇州園林的美術畫特點。)(2)舉例子?!坝袔讉€園里有古老的藤蘿,盤曲嶙峋的枝干就是一幅好畫?!?作用:以幾個園里的古藤為例,生動形象地說明蘇州園林栽種和修剪樹木著眼于畫意。)(3)列數(shù)字?!疤K州園林據(jù)說有一百多處,我到過的不過十多處?!?作用:作者實事求是,不以一“多”字作搪塞,事實上,“一百多處”是出于作者已知條件下對園林數(shù)字的準確概括,“十多處”是作者寫此文章的依據(jù)。)(4)摹狀貌。“高樹與低樹俯仰生姿。落葉樹與常綠樹相間?!?作用:使說明對象更具有形象性。)總結(jié):課文綜合運用多種說明方法,使文章顯得不單調(diào),同時又使得文章的介紹清晰明了。
1.南方園林江南有溫和的氣候、充沛的水量、豐盛的物產(chǎn)、優(yōu)美的景色、寬松的人文環(huán)境,其園林營建必然自呈特色。《中國大百科全書·江南園林》將其總結(jié)為三點:第一,疊石理水、水石相映。太湖石奇特多姿,在庭中造型尤佳。最稱絕的是蘇州瑞云峰、杭州植物園縐云峰、上海豫園玉玲瓏。第二,花木種類多。第三,建筑風格淡雅、樸素。布局自由,結(jié)構(gòu)不拘定式,清新灑脫,小巧細膩,幽雅美麗。小閣臨流,冷色多,像山水畫。青瓦素墻,褐色門窗,官僚政治意識淡薄,書卷氣深濃。南方園林以江南園林為代表。江南園林主要指以蘇州、杭州、無錫、揚州、南京、上海、常熟等城市為主的私家園林。江南園林屬于文人寫意派山水園,文人畫家參與造園,以人工造景為主,規(guī)劃巧妙,設計精致,人文氣氛濃。造園師在有限的空間再現(xiàn)真實的自然山水,以小見大,意蘊無窮。
2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.(說板書設計)On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.
(3)v. 給:提出;展現(xiàn),顯現(xiàn)present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交給;頒發(fā);授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日時,他的朋友們送給他一套郵票作為禮物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 這家人把寶劍捐贈給了博物館。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委員會將在六月向議會提交最后的報告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展現(xiàn)自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至關重要的是我們要表現(xiàn)得更加團結(jié)。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.
Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure:
Purpose of my design:To ask the students to do these two tasks will make the Ss predict the story of this passage. As a result, it will deepen Ss’ memory of this story because they will have their own understanding of this story.Step 3. While-readingTask 1. (Individual work _____min)Skimming: ask students to skim the text and the main ideas of each paragraph in this passage. Please read it quickly and then match the sentences with the letters.Task 2. (Individual work _____min)Scanning: read the text quickly and decide the whether the following statements are true or false and give reasons.Task 3. (Pair work _____min)Listen to the tape and fill in the banks. Then read the paragraph with expression to your partner.Task4 (individual work min)Listen to the tape again and write down the main idea in one sentence.Purpose of my design: Enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills. And proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning. “Task-based” teaching method is used here todevelop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trainedStep 4. Post-readingTask 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; _____min)Discussion (group of 4):1. If you were Hippomenes, would you run against Atlanta?2. Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? Why or why not?Step 5. HomeworkPlease read the story again carefully after class and imagine: What will happen during the race between Hippomenes and Atlanta? Who do you think will win the race? Do you think Atlanta would marry Hippomenes? Write an end for the story with thses questions.Purpose of my design: Homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. It will check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.Part 5 Blackboard design
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龍)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.