Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時,動詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
(1)下面列出的是我國南北方傳統(tǒng)民居的差異,分析形成這些差異的自然原因:——北方民居正南正北的方位觀比南方強;——北方民居的墻體嚴實厚重,南方民居的墻體輕?。弧獜谋钡侥?,民居的屋頂坡度逐漸增大,房檐逐漸加寬,房屋進深和高度逐漸加大。(2)下面列出的是我國南北方城市住宅摟的差異,分析導致這些差異的自然原因:——如果不考慮地價、建筑材料等因素,建同等面積的住房,北方的建筑成本比南方高 ;——建同樣高度的多幢樓房,北方樓房的南北間距比南方大。點撥:本活動要求學生了解由于地理環(huán)境的差異造成南北方建筑物特點的不同,并由此認識地理環(huán)境 差異對人們生活的影響。(1)比較而言,北方的冬季寒冷而漫長,南方的夏季濕熱而漫長。為了在冬季充分利用太陽光照和熱量,北方民居正南正北的方位觀比南方強。北方民居的墻體嚴實厚重,利用在冬季保溫御寒;南方民居的墻體輕薄,利于在夏季通風透氣。從北到南,年降水量逐漸增大,民居的屋頂坡度也逐漸增大(利于排水) ;隨著對保溫要求的降低和對通風納涼要求的提高,民居的屋檐逐漸加寬,房屋進深和高度逐漸加大。
1、變換角度,多向思維(多向思維要求思維能針對問題,從不同角度,用多種方法去思考問題。對于作文而言,就是要使學生學會對同一問題,同一素材,同一題目,同一體裁的不同進行區(qū)分。)請學生從這則材料中分析出幾個角度,準備課堂交流:19世紀法國著名科幻小說家儒勒?凡爾納,一生寫了104部科幻小說。當初他的第一部科幻小說《氣球上的星期五》接連被15家出版社退回。他當時既痛苦又氣憤,打算將稿子付之一炬。他妻子奪過書稿,給他以鼓勵。于是他嘗試著走進第16家出版社。經(jīng)理赫哲爾閱讀后,當即表示同意出版,還與儒勒?凡爾納簽訂了為期20年的寫作出版合同。這則材料敘述時沒有一定的中心,屬于開發(fā)性材料,分析材料中人物、人物關(guān)系、故事的不同側(cè)面,可以從不同角度得出結(jié)論:
一、語文學習中學生自我評價能力的培養(yǎng)1.營造氛圍,培養(yǎng)學生自我評價的意識。學生自我評價能力是教師長期培養(yǎng)的結(jié)果,而保護學生自我評價的熱情,更是持續(xù)自我評價的保證。在我們的實際教育教學中,教師一直處于評價的絕對主體,很少去關(guān)注學生自我評價意識和能力的培養(yǎng),學生常常不理解:為什么要認真聽講?為什么書寫要工整、為什么發(fā)言要積極?為什么老師、父母對考試分數(shù)會有那么高的要求?當前出現(xiàn)的學生許多諸如“離家出走”、“毒殺親人”等教育、行為、品德方面的問題,我想其中除了家長、教師的評價意識和評價藝術(shù)等原因之外,學生的自我評價意識的缺乏是根本的原因。所以我認為,學生自我評價意識的培養(yǎng)刻不容緩。(1)熱情鼓勵,提供成功的心理體驗。在教學過程中,教師要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)、肯定學生自我評價的點滴進步,對于他們每一點進步都要真誠熱情地鼓勵。讓學生覺得我這么做,這么想是對的。讓學生在教師的鼓勵中體會到強烈的愛,感受到自己的進步,增強自己的信心?!靶娜粼冢瑝艟驮?!”教師的熱情鼓勵是一種強大的催化劑,促使學生在學習中樂于自我評價。
教學目標:1、了解文學作品解讀的個性化及其原因。2、探討個性化解讀遵循的基本原則,合理解讀文學作品。教學重點:引導學生關(guān)注文學現(xiàn)象,培養(yǎng)他們對文學作品理解的多重思維能力。教學難點:把握個性化的度。避免偏激的理解、過度的張揚所謂個性,嚴重歪曲文學作品。教學方法:導讀、計論、合作探究。教學時間:一課時教學過程:一、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境、揭題導入:記得有這樣一個故事:一個小孩在四歲就能背《登鸛雀樓》,可平時只有在大人的要求下,他才背出來。直到六歲的某一天,他父母帶他去旅游,在他登陸上山頂時,竟然隨口背出:“欲窮千里目,更上一層樓”來。這說明了什么?……(討論)文學作品解讀的個性化。二、探討個性化解讀的原因1、讀者的差異導致解讀的個性化A、同一作品,閱讀的時間不同,解讀不同。如上面的例子。如《從百草園到三味書屋》和《風箏》主題的多元化理解?!皽毓手隆?,名作重讀,不但有趣,而且有益。B、同一作品,不同讀者,解讀不同。
【大宗與小宗的關(guān)系:君臣關(guān)系、兄弟關(guān)系】4、影響:宗法制保證了貴族在政治上的壟斷和特權(quán)地位,也有利于統(tǒng)治集團內(nèi)部的穩(wěn)定和團結(jié)?!竞献魈骄俊糠址庵婆c宗法制的關(guān)系兩者互為表里、相輔相成:從根本上說,分封制就是宗法制作用于國家地方政治制度的重要舉措和體現(xiàn)。宗法制是分封制的內(nèi)核和紐帶,維護貴族統(tǒng)治集團內(nèi)部的穩(wěn)定與團結(jié)。宗法制與分封制結(jié)合緊密,宗法制是西周政治制度的基礎(chǔ),分封制基于宗法制而產(chǎn)生,與宗法制互為表里。小結(jié):我國早期政治制度(夏商周)發(fā)展脈絡:起源于夏——初步建立于夏商——完善于西周——瓦解于西周末年到春秋——崩潰于戰(zhàn)國★問題解答⊙【學思之窗】從這段記載,你能看出商朝的相權(quán)有多大嗎?答案提示:相是商朝中央最高官吏,相權(quán)很大,包括參定政制、主持政務、輔佐商王等,甚至有時可廢立商王。
1、知識與能力:知道諸子百家,認識春秋戰(zhàn)國時期“百家爭鳴”局面形成的重要意義;了解孔子、孟子和荀子的主要觀點,理解儒家思想的形成。2、過程與方法:適度引入古代中國政治發(fā)展與傳統(tǒng)文化方面的材料 ,啟發(fā)學生思考百家爭鳴局面形成的重要意義。以列表的方法,從時代、主要觀點、影響等方面,指導學生歸納孔子、孟子和荀子的主要內(nèi)容。以百家爭鳴為主題,組織學生談一談繼承中國傳統(tǒng)文化思想的認識和感受。組織一次“我讀《論語》的讀書活動”。3、情感態(tài)度價值觀:感受中國古代思想的博大精深:通過學習早期儒家的民本思想,培養(yǎng)學生的人文關(guān)懷精神;了解儒家文化是我國傳統(tǒng)文化的最主要部分,認識其在世界文化史上的地位和對后世的影響;聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實,使學生正確對待儒家傳統(tǒng)文化,發(fā)揮其在當代的積極意義。
乾隆五十五年(公元1790年),在安徽一帶很有名氣的“三慶”徽戲班,來到北京演出?;諔蛟诒本┙?jīng)常和其他劇種同臺演出,注意吸收和借鑒他們的長處。尤其是與以唱二黃調(diào)和西皮調(diào)為主的漢戲的合演,逐漸形成了二黃與西皮的合流,形成了“徽漢合流”的局面,后來徽劇又吸收其他民間曲調(diào)的唱腔、劇目和表演方式,逐漸形成以“皮黃”為主要聲腔的京劇。到1840年左右,京劇的唱腔、念白、劇本和表演已經(jīng)成熟,尤其是出現(xiàn)了以演“京戲”為主的一批演員,他們不再以徽戲、漢戲為名,而以演“京戲”自居。從此,誕生了一個獨立的劇種──京劇。2、京劇的發(fā)展早期的京劇以迷人的唱腔、豐富的劇目、精彩的表演和京腔京味吸引了觀眾,使京城出現(xiàn)了京劇熱。同治、光緒年間,京劇已經(jīng)被京城市民承認,成為人們最喜愛的舞臺藝術(shù)。并涌現(xiàn)出著名的“同光十三絕”。
4、維新思想推動下的變法運動雖然失敗了。但這是中國近代真正意義上的一次思想解放潮流,為什么?展開:維新派提倡西學,興民權(quán),對封建專制制度和傳統(tǒng)觀念進行了沖擊,促進了中國人民的覺醒,為資產(chǎn)階級民主思想的傳播奠定了基礎(chǔ),具有思想解放的啟蒙作用。是一次救亡圖存的愛國運動,也是一次發(fā)展資本主義的改革運動;他們提倡資產(chǎn)階級新學,批判封建主義舊學,引導人們重新認識世界,他們痛感民族危機的嚴重,號召人們奮起救國,謀求國家的獨立富強;給古老的中國社會注入的活力是不可低估的,站在歷史長河的高度看,由傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)耕社會向近代工業(yè)社會轉(zhuǎn)變是一股不可抗拒的歷史潮流,盡管它在19世紀末的中國遭到了暫時挫折,但對清朝的封建專制統(tǒng)治卻是一次巨大的強烈的沖擊波,它留下的痕跡是永不磨滅的,是永遠鼓舞與啟迪后人的。
②顧炎武也激烈反對君主專制, 主張限制君權(quán),提出亡國與亡天下的區(qū)別,認為,保衛(wèi)一家一姓的國家,是君主及其大臣的事,而保衛(wèi)天下是所有人的事,這段話后來被后人提煉為“天下興亡,匹 夫有責”,鼓勵人民關(guān)心國家大事。③王夫之認為天下的土地不能被君主一人所有,而應當是從事農(nóng)業(yè)的老百姓都有份。2.經(jīng)濟上,重視手工業(yè)、商業(yè)的發(fā)展,強調(diào)經(jīng)世致用。①黃宗羲駁斥輕視工商業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)思想,指出工商業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)一樣,都是“民生之本”,應該受到保護。②顧炎武、王夫之主張文人多研究一些有關(guān)國計民生的現(xiàn)實問題,反對空談。3.思想上,批判繼承傳統(tǒng)儒學,構(gòu)筑具有時代特色的新思想體系。①黃宗羲批判舊儒學的“君為臣綱”的思想,繼承先秦儒家的民本思想,提出 “天下為主,君為客”的新思想命題。
教學目的:通過學生課前收集資料、課堂展示、小組討論及教師總結(jié)和講解等形式,明確文化競爭力在國際競爭中的地位,感受各國各國日益激烈的文化競爭力,探討如何提升中國特色社會主義文化的競爭力,培養(yǎng)學生的分析解決問題的能力,增強責任意識、科技意識和成才意識。教學時間:1小時課前準備:(1)學生分組收集美國、日本、英國等國家文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展狀況和中國文化走向世界的資料,并要求制成簡單的課件。(2)分組討論課本P23—25的三個探究問題(①運用這些資料,從物質(zhì)和精神兩個方面,說明發(fā)展文化有什么意義。②你還能從社會生活的哪些現(xiàn)象中感受到一個國家的文化競爭力?③今天,中國文化為什么能夠在世界各地贏得尊重與喝彩?),組長整理好討論結(jié)果。
(三)呼喚文化創(chuàng)新的時代(板書)1.人民群眾是文化創(chuàng)造的主體--(板書)師:【圖片文字展示】--《離騷》、《九歌》、《水滸傳》、《三國演義》均取材自民間,在民間口述文字的基礎(chǔ)上加工形成,所以,我們可以看到,文化創(chuàng)新的主體是誰?生:人民群眾是文化創(chuàng)造的主體師:在新的歷史時期,我們的青少年應該怎么做?生:虛心向人民群眾學習,從人民群眾的偉大實踐和豐富多彩的生活中汲取營養(yǎng),這是當代中國文化工作者的使命和職責。2.文化工作者必須堅定地走與人民群眾的實踐相結(jié)合的道路--(板書)3.當代中國文化創(chuàng)作者的使命和職責。(板書)【課堂小結(jié)】通過本節(jié)課的探究學習,我們認識到文化創(chuàng)新的源泉和作用,要求我們虛心向人民群眾學習,從人民群眾的偉大實踐和豐富多彩的生活中汲取營養(yǎng),刻苦鉆研,銳意創(chuàng)新,為全面建設(shè)小康社會而奮斗。
8、文化傳播的含義:文化交流的過程,就是文化傳播的過程。 人們通過一定的方式傳遞知識、信息、觀念、情感和信仰,以及與此相關(guān)的所有社會交往活動,都可視為文化傳播。9、文化傳播的途徑(1)商業(yè)活動。商人進行貿(mào)易活動時,不僅通過商品交換將商品中蘊涵的豐富文化加以交流,而且通過人與人之間的交往過程交流文化。(2)人口遷徙。每一次大規(guī)模的人口遷徙,都意味著大規(guī)模的文化傳播,都會對當時當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟、政治、文化產(chǎn)生極大的影響。(3)教育教育是文化傳播的又一重要途徑。人們通過學習各種文化課程,能夠獲得不同的文化知識。文化傳播是教育的重要功能。10、大眾傳媒:現(xiàn)代文化傳播的手段現(xiàn)代社會中的傳媒有報刊、廣播、電視、網(wǎng)絡等多種形式,這類傳媒被稱為大眾傳媒。依托現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù),大眾傳媒能夠最大程度地超越時空的局限,匯集來自世界各地的信息,日益顯示出文化傳遞、溝通、共享的強大功能,已成為文化傳播的主要手段。
(1)繼承是發(fā)展的前提,發(fā)展是繼承的必然要求。 (2)在繼承的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展,在發(fā)展的過程中繼承。 7、影響文化發(fā)展的重要因素(1).社會制度的更替會對文化發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響。(2).科學技術(shù)的進步會對文化發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響??茖W技術(shù)的進步,是促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要因素,也是推動文化發(fā)展的重要因素。自古以來,科學技術(shù)中每一項重大發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明都推動了人類社會的經(jīng)濟、文化的發(fā)展。(例如:當代信息技術(shù))(3).思想運動對文化發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響思想運動往往成為社會變革的先導,不同思想在思想運動中相互激蕩,不但催生著社會變革,也促進了文化的發(fā)展。(4)、教育在文化傳承中的重要作用教育是人類特有的傳承文化的能動性活動,具有選擇、傳遞、創(chuàng)造文化的特定功能,在人的教化與培育上始終扮演著重要的角色。隨著教育方式的不斷變革,教育在人類文化的傳承中將產(chǎn)生越來越大的影響。
(2)社會主義思想道德體系應該與社會主義法律規(guī)范相協(xié)調(diào)。法治和德治,從來都是相輔相成、相互促進的。法治以法律的權(quán)威性和強制性規(guī)范社會成員的行為;德治以道德的說服力和感召力提高社會成員的思想認識和道德覺悟。建設(shè)中國特色社會主義,既要加強社會主義法制建設(shè),依法治國;也要加強社會主義思想道德建設(shè),以德治國?!笳n堂探究:你能否引述與上述道德規(guī)范相關(guān)法律條文。◇探究提示:上述道德規(guī)范見諸很多法律當中,例如:2O()5年4月27日頒布的《中華人民共和國公務員法》規(guī)定:公務員應當“忠于職守,勤勉盡責,服從和執(zhí)行上級依法作出的決定和命令”“遵守紀律,恪守職業(yè)道德,模范遵守社會公德。”修訂后的《中華人民共和國婚姻法》規(guī)定:“夫妻應當互相忠實,互相尊重;家庭成員間應當敬老愛幼,互相幫助,維護平等、和睦、文明的婚姻家庭關(guān)系?!?/p>