【教學過程】第一課時一、導(dǎo)入新課清代唐彪在《讀書作文譜》中引用武叔卿的話說:“文章有一筆寫成不加點綴而工者,此神到之文,尚矣。其次須精思細改,如文章草創(chuàng)已定,便從頭至尾—一標點?!蓖瑢W們能列舉出文學史上的作家哪些屬于前者,哪些屬于后者嗎?前者有李白。后者如賈島、王安石、歐陽修、曹雪芹等。(賈島有關(guān)于推敲的典故。王安石修改“春風又綠江南岸”句傳為佳話。歐陽修《醉翁亭記》的開頭便是精心改成的。《紅樓夢》更是“披閱十載,增刪五次?!保┨釂枺汗沤竦膫ゴ笞骷覟槭裁聪窭畎资降脑娙撕苌?,而大多數(shù)人卻都要“咬文嚼字”,苦苦修改呢?這節(jié)課我們就來研究一下這個問題。二、整體感知1.快速瀏覽全文,熟悉主要內(nèi)容。2.根據(jù)“學習重點”,確立學習目標。三、課文分析1.理清觀點與材料的關(guān)系。首先,讓學生找出本文在論證中所運用的材料。
二、課堂教學:1、學生簡介背景:教師掌握:漢武帝開始對匈奴進行長期的討伐戰(zhàn)爭,其中取得了三次具有決定意義的勝利,時間為公元前127年、前121年、前119年。匈奴的威勢大大削弱之后,表示愿意與漢講和,但雙方矛盾還是根深蒂固。所以,到公元前100年,蘇武出使匈奴時,卻被扣留,并迫使他投降?!短K武傳》集中敘寫了蘇武出使匈奴被扣留期間的事跡,熱烈頌揚了他在敵人面前富貴不能淫,貧賤不能移,威武不能屈,饑寒壓不倒,私情無所動的浩然正氣,充分肯定了他堅毅忠貞,大義凜然,視死如歸的民族氣節(jié)。2、作者介紹:班固(32——92年),字孟堅,扶風安陵(今陜西咸陽市東)人。東漢著名的史學家?!逗鬂h書·班固傳》稱他“年九歲,能屬文,誦詩賦。及長,遂博貫載籍,九流百家之言,無不窮究。所學無常師,不為章句,舉大義而已”。其父班彪曾續(xù)司馬遷《史記》作《史記后傳》,未成而故。
③于是,大自然出現(xiàn)了驚人的奇跡,不毛的石縫間叢生出倔強的生命。④或者就只是一簇一簇無名的野草,春綠秋黃。歲歲枯榮。它們只有三兩片長長的細瘦的薄葉,那細微的葉脈,告知你生存該是多么艱難;更有的。它們就在一簇一簇瘦葉下自己生長出根須,只為了少向母體吮吸一點乳汁,便自去尋找那不易被覺察到的石縫。這就是生命,如果這是一種本能,那么它正說明生命的本能是多么尊貴,生命有權(quán)自認為輝煌壯麗,生機竟是這樣地不可扼制。⑤或者就是一團一團小小的山花,大多又都是那苦苦的蒲公英。它們不似田野上的同宗長得那樣茁壯,它們的莖顯得堅韌而蒼老。它們的葉因枯萎而失卻光澤。它們已經(jīng)不能再去為人們作佐餐的鮮嫩的野菜,卻默默地為攀登山路的人準備了一個可靠的抓手。生命就這樣地被環(huán)境規(guī)定著,又被環(huán)境改變著,適者生存的規(guī)律盡管無情。但一切適者就是戰(zhàn)勝環(huán)境的強者。生命現(xiàn)象告訴你,生命就是拼搏。
(一)上片:描寫杭州的自然風光和都市的繁華“東南形勝,三吳都會,錢塘自古繁華”,“東南形勝”,是從地理條件、自然條件著筆寫的。杭州地處東南,地理位置很重要,風景很優(yōu)美,故曰:“形勝”。“三吳都會”,是從社會條件著筆寫的。它是三吳地區(qū)的重要都市,那里人眾薈萃,財貨聚集,故曰:“都會”。“錢塘自古繁華”,這一句是對前兩句的總結(jié),因為杭州具有這些特殊條件,所以“自古繁華”。下面就對“形勝”、“都會”和“自古繁華”進行鋪敘?!盁熈嫎?,風簾翠幕,參差十萬人家”是對“三吳都會”的展開描寫。“云樹繞堤沙。怒濤卷霜雪,天塹無涯”是對“東南形勝”的展開描寫。這里選擇了錢塘江岸和江潮兩種景物來寫?!笆辛兄榄^,戶盈羅綺,競豪奢”是對“錢塘自古繁華”的展開描寫。描寫了兩個方面:一是商業(yè)貿(mào)易情況——“市列珠璣”,只用市場上的珍寶,代表了商業(yè)的豐富、商業(yè)的繁榮;二是衣著情況——“戶盈羅綺”,家家披羅著錦?!案偤郎荨?,又總括杭州的種種繁華景象。
一、作者簡介:威廉·莎士比亞(1564~1616),英國文藝復(fù)興時期偉大的戲劇家和詩人。(人文主義:歐洲文藝復(fù)興時期新興資產(chǎn)階級反封建的社會思潮。資產(chǎn)階級人道主義的最初形式。它肯定人性和人的價值,要求享受人世的歡樂,要求人的個性解放和自由平等,推崇人的感性經(jīng)驗和理性思維。)一生共寫有37部戲劇,154首14行詩,兩首長詩和許多其他詩歌。主要代表作有早期的歷史劇、喜劇———《亨利四世》、《仲夏夜之夢》、《威尼斯商人》和《羅密歐與朱麗葉》等;中期的悲劇———《哈姆萊特》、《奧瑟羅》、《李爾王》和《麥克白》等;后期的傳奇劇———《暴風雨》等。二、莎士比亞創(chuàng)作《哈姆萊特》的社會背景:莎士比亞是歐洲文藝復(fù)興時期英國偉大的戲劇家和詩人。他生活在歐洲歷史上封建制度日趨沒落、資本主義興起的交替時代。哈姆萊特是丹麥古代的王子。莎士比亞故意以超越時代的誤差將哈姆萊特搬到伊麗莎白統(tǒng)治未年的英國現(xiàn)實中來。
貸款消費不僅滿足了消費者的生活需要,提高了消費者的生活質(zhì)量,而且促進了經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,特別是我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進入買方市場后,貸款消費對擴大內(nèi)需,拉動經(jīng)濟的增長起來重要的作用。所以,我們要轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)的消費觀念,以積極的態(tài)度來對待貸款消費,通過貸款消費滿足來滿足當前的需要,通過生活質(zhì)量。當然,在貸款消費是也要考慮自己的償還能力,還要講究信用,按時還貸。(3)按消費的目的不同,可分為生存資料消費、發(fā)展資料消費和享受資料消費。其中生存資料消費是最基本的消費。隨著經(jīng)濟水平的提高,發(fā)展資料和享受資料消費將逐漸增加。3、消費結(jié)構(gòu) 教師活動:引導(dǎo)學生看書,指出(1)消費結(jié)構(gòu)的含義:就是指人們各類消費支出在消費總支出中所占的比重。教師活動:引導(dǎo)學生分析個人及家庭消費狀況的變化,說明對消費結(jié)構(gòu)的理解,并總結(jié)消費結(jié)構(gòu)的變化特點。學生活動:積極討論,踴躍發(fā)言
教師總結(jié):社會主義市場經(jīng)濟是使市場在國家宏觀調(diào)控下起基礎(chǔ)性配置作用的經(jīng)濟,充分發(fā)揮市場基礎(chǔ)性調(diào)節(jié)作用,就必須主要靠經(jīng)濟手段、法律手段,而不是行政手段。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評這節(jié)課我們重點學習了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的有關(guān)知識,知道了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的基本特征,以及國家宏觀調(diào)控的含義、目標和主要手段。這對于我們在經(jīng)濟生活中正確地認識我國市場經(jīng)濟的性質(zhì)和作用,理解國家宏觀調(diào)控的措施及意義,增強社會主義優(yōu)越感和民族自強意識,自覺投身現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)等將有重大指導(dǎo)作用?!镎n余作業(yè) 討論:聯(lián)系經(jīng)濟生活中國家宏觀調(diào)控的實例,討論應(yīng)如何認識和理解國家各種宏觀調(diào)控手段的綜合運用,對國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的意義?!锝虒W體會 本節(jié)內(nèi)容與學生生活實際聯(lián)系密切,在學習中應(yīng)該多引入日常生產(chǎn)、生活中常見的一些宏觀調(diào)控實例,讓學生去深刻理解、把握宏觀調(diào)控手段及其作用。
教師點撥:這則材料說明,市場調(diào)節(jié)有其局限性,單純的市場調(diào)節(jié)具有自發(fā)性、盲目性、滯后性等缺點。市場調(diào)節(jié)不是萬能的。社會生活中有很多領(lǐng)域和產(chǎn)品不能用市場來調(diào)節(jié),如國防、治安、消防等產(chǎn)品的供給問題,槍支彈藥、麻醉品等都不能讓市場來調(diào)節(jié)。市場調(diào)節(jié)具有自發(fā)性、盲目性、滯后性。自發(fā)性:由于市場調(diào)節(jié)是在價值規(guī)律自發(fā)作用下進行的,在利益驅(qū)動下會產(chǎn)生一些違反市場原則的行為,如制造、銷售假冒偽劣商品,大量排放廢水、廢氣破壞環(huán)境,竊取他人智力成果等等。盲目性:由于人們不可能完全掌握生產(chǎn)各方面信息及其變化趨勢,致使決策帶有一定的盲目性。如某種商品有利可圖則一哄而上,反之則一哄而退,從而造成資源浪費和消費得不到充分滿足。滯后性:由于市場價格的形成和傳遞有一個過程,一旦傳遞到生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營者手中進行生產(chǎn)調(diào)整,就有一個時間差,致使市場調(diào)節(jié)帶有滯后性,成為一種事后調(diào)節(jié)。
教師總結(jié):近二十多年來,我國個人所得稅的征收發(fā)展迅速,這也反映了我國經(jīng)濟水平、人民生活收入有了較大提高。與增值稅的計稅方法不同,個人所得稅采用累進稅率的計稅辦法,就是個人所得越高,稅率越高,納稅人個人收入越多,繳納個人所得稅越多。這一特點從教材83頁個人所得稅稅率表上可以看出。教師點撥:個人所得稅的計算辦法是分段計算的,個人收入800元以內(nèi)不計稅,多余800元以上部分,按不同稅率分段計稅。請同學們計算教材所列題目。學生活動:計算。應(yīng)稅所得額:4000元;不超過500元部分:25元;500――2000元部分:150元;2000――4000元部分:300元;累計所得稅:475元教師活動:同學們想一想,這樣計算個人所得稅有什么意義呢?學生活動:認真思考,回答問題教師點撥:有利于增加財政收入,有利于調(diào)節(jié)個人收入分配,實現(xiàn)社會公平。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點評
(3)人民幣外匯牌價:我國通常采用100單位外幣作為標準,折算為一定數(shù)量的人民幣。如果用100單位外幣可以兌換更多的人民幣,說明外匯匯率升高;反之,則說明外匯匯率跌落。教師活動:大家知道匯率是經(jīng)常變動的,為什么匯率經(jīng)常變動?我國在美國、日本等國再三施加壓力的情況下,為什么保持匯率穩(wěn)定,人民幣不升值?學生活動:學生就老師提出的問題去閱讀教材;然后展開討論,并回答(4)保持人民幣幣值穩(wěn)定的意義教師點評:影響匯率變動的因素主要有:外匯的供求關(guān)系、通貨膨脹(或緊縮)率的差異、經(jīng)濟增長率、利率水平、國家貨幣當局的干預(yù)與管制、市場預(yù)期、外匯投機活動等。外匯在國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和國際貿(mào)易中具有重要的作用:通過匯率的升降調(diào)節(jié)進出口貿(mào)易;可以影響國際資本的流動方向和數(shù)量;可以影響國內(nèi)物價水平;影響外匯儲備的實際價值等。
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應(yīng)用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型,因此旅游計劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進行設(shè)計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級,還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時;3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時,不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
【教材分析】高考聽力材料的選用非常重視語言真實性和交際性的原則,語言材料一般來源于實際生活,對話的內(nèi)容大都取材于日常生活,即衣、食、住、行、工作、學習、天氣、生活環(huán)境等話題,可分為校園、公共場所、家庭等方面,如: shopping, finding the way, doing one’s homework, seeing a doctor, making a phone call, weather report, asking for different kinds of information等。新教材的特點就是利用生活中真實文本,只是降低難度,讓學生注重語言的應(yīng)用,將是我們高考把握方向的重要因素?!窘虒W目標與核心素養(yǎng)】學習能力目標:在聽力當中,學生應(yīng)該有效規(guī)劃學習方法,選擇恰當?shù)牟呗耘c方法。這節(jié)課的訓練目標是讓學生有正確的預(yù)測和抓住問題的關(guān)鍵信息,從而用心去聽來找尋關(guān)鍵信息。根據(jù)生活中實際情況和高考常見語境,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)提前預(yù)測和抓住題干中的w很重要,即what, where, when, why等等。
II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “l(fā)ink verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.
5. Read to get detailed information about Paragraph 5.Q1. What shows the revival of Tangshan?Q2. How can Tangshan revive itself and get up on its feet again?Q3. In times of disasters, how can we go through it?T: In times of disasters, we should unify, show the wisdom and stay positive.Step 4 Activity 4 Highlighting the theme and reflecting1. Make a summary of the text.2. Further understand the titleQ: After our learning, why do you think the earth didn’t sleep on that night?T: An earthquake happened. The people in the earthquake suffered a lot, and the people outside Tangshan were concerned about the people there a lot.3. Reflect through discussion on what can be learnt after reading.T: Disasters are powerful. Unpreparedness can be deadly. Life is weak, but if people work together to help each other, disasters can be defeated.There is no love from disaster, but we have love in the human heart.Step 5 Assignment How does the writer convey that the earthquake was deadly, and that people were helpless during the earthquake? Try to find some attractive and impressive expressions and note them down.
常跟雙賓語的動詞有:(需借助to的)bring, ask, hand, offer, give, lend, send, show, teach, tell, write, pass, pay, promise, return等;基本句型 五S +V + O + OC(主+謂+賓+賓補)特點:動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語,才能使意思完整。 判斷原則:能表達成—賓語 是…/做…注:此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系,若無賓語補足語,則句意不夠完整。可以用做賓補的有:名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,分詞等。如:He considers himself an expert on the subject.他認為自己是這門學科的專家。We must keep our classroom clean.我們必須保持教室清潔。I had my bike stolen.我的自行車被偷了。We invited him to come to our school.我們邀請他來我們學校。I beg you to keep secret what we talked here.我求你對這里所談的話保密。用it做形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面,以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即:主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正賓語。如:We think it a good idea to go climb the mountain this Sunday.
Step 2 New WordsUse ppt to show some words from the passage.Tell the students to remember the meanings.Step3 Skimming and Thinking1. Skim the text and decide which order Han Jing follows to talk about her first day. Time order or place order?Time order2. What is Han Jing worried about before she goes to senior high school?She is worried about whether she will make new friends and if no one talks to her, what she should do.Step 4 Fast Reading1. Match the main ideas with each paragraphParagraph 1:The worries about the new school day Paragraph 2Han Jing’s first maths classParagraph 3Han Jing’s first chemistry classParagraph 4Han Jing’s feelings about her first senior school dayStep 5 Careful Reading1. Fill in the chart with the words and phrases about Han Jing’s day. Answers: Senior high school, a little nervous; Her first maths class, classmates and teachers, friendly and helpful; Chemistry lab; new; great; annoying guy; Confident; a lot to explore2. Read the text again and discuss the questions.1) Why did Han Jing feel anxious before school?Because she was a new senior high student and she was not outgoing. What was more, she was worried about whether she can make friends.2) How was her first maths class?It was difficult but the teacher was kind and friendly. 3) What happened in the chemistry class? What would you do if this happened to you? A guy next to Han Jing tried to talk with her and she couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.
教學目標知識目標:讓學生更好理解如何恰當?shù)貙懸粋€人的信息介紹,并能讓學生熟練地使用一些寫作技能。能力目標:培養(yǎng)學生的寫作能力和團隊協(xié)作能力。情感目標:提升學生對寫作的興趣。教學重難點 教學重點:如何能讓學生更好地理解個人信息介紹。教學難點:如何能讓學生通過適當?shù)厥褂靡恍懽骷寄軄韺懸黄^好的個人信息介紹。教學準備 多媒體、黑板、粉筆一、Pre-class1. Greetings2. Leading-inAsk students how to write a profile. What kinds of aspects should be included? The teacher asks students to discuss the topic with each other and put forward to much more ideas about the answer.二、While-class1. The teacher lets students to read the student profiles on Page 8 silently and then asks students to discuss the questions below.1. What is Ann like? How do you know?2. What are Thando’s hobbies?3. Where does Thando come from?4. What is Thando’s dream?5. What does “You will never see me without a book or a pen” mean?
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本節(jié)語法思考:定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用是什么? 關(guān)系詞有哪些?定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當于形容詞,它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們在先行詞和定語從句之間起到聯(lián)系作用,同時在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔任一個成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;