一、Section A該部分有4個模塊。第一模塊圍繞Whose volleyball is this? 這一話題展開思維( 1a)、聽力(1b)、口語( 1c)訓練;第二模塊圍繞上一模塊中的話題進行聽力( 2a-2b)、口語訓練( 2c);第三模塊繼續(xù)圍繞前兩個模塊中的“making inferences”展開訓練。訓練形式為閱讀排序( 3a)和兩人問答(3b);第四模塊仍就上一話題展開討論。二、Section B該部分有4個模塊。第一模塊要求根據(jù)圖畫和所提供的單詞寫出合理的句子;第二模塊在聽力( 2a-2b)和分角色口語訓練( 2c)的基礎上,繼續(xù)進行“推測”訓練; 第三模塊圍繞“Strange events in Bell Tower neighborhood”這一話題展開閱讀( 3a)和寫作(3b -3c)訓練;第四模塊以dream為話題展開小組活動。三、Self Check該部分有3個模塊。第一模塊以填空形式對所學詞匯進行訓練;第二模塊就8個諺語展開閱讀和討論。
The First PeriodⅠ.Teaching Aims and DemandsKnowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site(2) Target LanguageWhere would you like to go on vacation?I’d like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations.2. Ability Objects(1)Train students to talk about places they would like to visit with the target language.(2)Train students to describe vacations with different adjectives.(3)Train students' listening skill.3. Moral Object,It′s more interesting to go on vacating somewhere instead of staying at home.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site2. Target LanguageTalk about different places with the target language.Ⅲ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Describe vacations with different adjectives.2. Talk about different places with the target language.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Teaching by illumination2. Teaching by doing chain drills3. Teaching by pairworkⅤ. Teaching Aids1. A tape recorder2. Some pictures of different places with famous views
1. 教材分析本單元以how do things affect you?為話題, 從顏色、天氣、音樂、廣告、產(chǎn)品等方面談論了外界事物如何影響人的心情。要求學生掌握表達某物或某事給人帶來的感覺、看法或影響等。共設計了四個部分的內(nèi)容:Section A 該部分有4個模塊:第一模塊圍繞Which restaurant would you like to go to?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓練;第二模塊圍繞How does music affect you? 進行聽力(2a-2b)、口語訓練(2c);第三模塊繼續(xù)圍繞how do colors in the restaurant affect you這一話題展開訓練,訓練形式為閱讀和問題體驗(3a)和小組活動(3b);第四模塊仍就How do things affect you這一話題以調(diào)查的形式展開討論。Section B該部分有4個模塊:第一模塊圍繞產(chǎn)品廣告對人們的影響這一話題以“配對”(1a)與“列舉”(1b)兩種形式展開訓練;第二模塊繼續(xù)圍繞How do things affect you? 進行聽力(2a-2b)、口語對話訓練(2c);第三模塊圍繞“Advertising”這一話題展開閱讀(3a-3b)和寫作(3c)訓練;第四模塊圍繞How posters affect you這一話題以口語訓練形式展開小組活動。
Step Ⅰ RevisionCheck homework. Ask a few students to read the article in 3a.Then ask a few students to read their guides.Step Ⅱ Part 1Look at the words in the box. Ask a student to read them. Make sure the students understand the meaning of the words. You are to fill in the blanks with the words. In some cases, students may need to use another form of the word, for example adjusting for tense or subject/ verb agreement.Ask students to fill in the blanks on their own.Check the answers. Step ⅢPart 2Go through the instructions with the class.Look at the example with the students.Ask students what the answer would be.Ask a student to read the question and answer it.Excuse me, could you tell me where the bank is, please?The bank is across the street from the shopping malt.Get students to complete the work in pairs.Check the answers. Ask a few students to read their questions.Step Ⅳ Just for Fun!Ask all the students to read the conversation. Ask: What is funny about this cartoon? Help students to explain. A Martian is a person from the planet Mars.There is no such thing as Martian food on Earth, and the clerk looks silly because he is trying to think of where there is a Martian restaurant.Invite some pairs of students to present this conversation to the rest of the class.Step Ⅴ Summary and HomeworkIn this class, we’ve done much writing practice using the key vocabulary words and the target language presented in this unit. After class, please finish the questions in 2 in your exercise books. Then finish the exercises on pages 47~48 of the workbook as well.The Seventh Period Ⅰ Teaching Aims and Demands1. Knowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularyimage, adventure, jealousy, hero, crime, journey, brave, no longer, show interest in, take it easy, become interested in, plain looks(2)Text:Grown-ups like cartoons, too.2. Ability Objects(1) Fast-reading to get a general idea of the text.(2) Careful-reading to get the detailed information in the text.
Talk about offering help (P60)I’ll help clean up the city parks.A: I’d like to work ...B: You could help ...Talk about ways to tell people about the Clean-Up Day (P61)We need to ...We can’t ...I’ll ...Talk about the work the volunteers do (P62)These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.Somebody loves to ... / helps ... / plans to ... / wants to ...A: What do you like doing?B: I like ... A: What kind of volunteer work do you think I could do?B: You could ...1. 重點詞匯advertisement, fix, repair, pleasure, blind, deaf, shut, carry, specially, fetch2. 認讀詞匯hunger, homeless, cheer, clean-up, sign, establish, major, commitment, elementary, veterinarian, coach, similar, call-in, strategy, disabled, organization, unable, support, appreciate, donation, part of speech, pronoun, adverb, preposition, conjunction, donate, Jimmy, Sally3. 詞組clean up, cheer up, give out, put off, set up, think up, take after, fix up, give away, put up, hand out, work out, at once
本單元主要圍繞著有關瀕臨滅絕的動物這一話題,學習了應該怎樣保護我們的環(huán)境,以及就某一問題展開辯論。目標提示語言目標能夠運用所學知識,就某一問題展開辯論。認知目標1、復習一些語法:現(xiàn)在進行時、一般現(xiàn)在時、用used to 表示一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。2、學會表達同意和不同意。3、學會以下基本句型:We’re trying to save the manatees.Manatees eat about 100 pounds of food a day.There used to be a lot of manatees.In 1972,it was discovered that they were endangered.Some of the swamps have become polluted.情感目標了解一些瀕臨滅絕的動物的生活習性和瀕臨滅絕的原因,教育學生應該如何保護環(huán)境。教學提示充分利用多媒體等教學設備,創(chuàng)設與本課話題相關的情境,如各種不同種類的動物、動物園以及有關環(huán)境的畫畫等等。圍繞著本單元的教學目標,設計一些貼近學生實際的教學任務,如讓學生談論自己最喜歡的動物,如何拯救瀕危動物,如何保護環(huán)境等等。讓學生根據(jù)所學知識,就動物園是否對動物有利以及其他的話題進行辯論。
教學目標:1. 掌握本單元一些重點詞匯的寫法和用法。2. 學會自如談論餐桌禮儀。Step 1 RevisionAsk some students to retell the customs at the table in France in the passage in 3a.Step 2 Self checkPart 1. Fill in each bland with the correct word given. Students do the exercises by themselves at first. Then check the answers. Ask the students to comprehend the sentences and help them point out uses of some words, like “arrive (at / in) sw., spend time / money on sth , spend time / money (in) doing sth.”Part 2. Read about Fan Ling’s experience in a western restaurant. Understand the passage. Point out some key points in the passage.1. be / get used to doing sth. 習慣做某事2. begin with = start with 以….開頭3. crowd v. 擠滿,塞滿 the crowd 人群 crowded adj. 擁擠的Then students discuss about how she would solve her problem. Ask some to share their stories with others.Part 3. Complete the crossword by looking at the sentences on the left. Then check the answers.
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
教學目標1.知識目標:(1)學習What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)學會用英語描述有關職業(yè)的表達法。2.能力目標:(1)能夠談論為實現(xiàn)理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能夠談論未來自己與他人理想的職業(yè)及原因。(3)能用英語描述課余時間的活動安排,最終具備表達綜合信息的能力。3.情感目標:新學期到來之際,讓他們在學習、體育、飲食、特長、讀書等方面制定計劃,教育學生合理安排自己的課外生活,思考自己的理想職業(yè)及適合自己的職業(yè)。教學重點、難點本單元的重點為“be going to”表將來,want to be, what,where, when,how引導的特殊疑問句。難點是語言目標的實現(xiàn)。教材分析本單元以I am going to be a basketball player為話題,共設計了三部分的內(nèi)容:一、Section A該部分有4個模塊。第一模塊圍繞Do you think these jobs are interesting?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓練;
區(qū)分賓語從句、定于從句和狀語從句賓語從句和狀語從句,都叫做主從復合句。賓語從句主要是中考必考的,是初中階段必掌握的從句,賓語從句主要是掌握三要素,所謂賓語從句,就是賓語在主從復合句當中充當賓語的一個句子,叫做賓語從句。主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞,后面如果是詞或者是短語的話,是簡單句,如果是句子的話,肯定是賓語從句。I know that he good at English.就是賓語從句,三要素,一要素是要注意連詞,連詞一共學了三類連詞,一類連詞是that口語當中可以省略,就像剛才說的那一句,I hear he is good at English.還有疑問代詞、疑問副詞,how where when,疑問代詞、疑問副詞。還有一類連詞weather是否的意思,不是狀語從句當中的如果,這一定要和如果區(qū)分開,這是是否。I don't know if he interested at English。賓語從句要注意if是連詞。第二要素是語序,要用陳述舉語序。比如說你家有幾口人,我們都說How many people are there in you family?但是這是簡單句,一旦說成賓語從句,你可以告訴我你家有幾口人嗎?Could you tell me how many people there are in you family ?
(3)2004年6月末至7月初,廣東省出現(xiàn)罕見的大面積持續(xù)高溫炎熱天氣,全省有45個縣(市)的最高氣溫破歷史同期記錄。造成此次異常天氣的主要原因是()A.副熱帶高壓和熱帶氣旋外圍下沉氣流共同影響B(tài).大量使用汽車和制冷設備C.綠色植物呼吸作用釋放CO:D.全球溫室效應長期作用【解析】(1)根據(jù)“源于西太平洋洋面的臺風”判斷該臺風屬于北半球的氣旋型的天氣系統(tǒng),當臺風中心位于南海時,廣東沿海地區(qū)正好位于該氣旋的北部,故吹東北風。(2)夏秋季節(jié)的臺風主要影響我國的南部、東部沿海地區(qū),廣東沿海正好位于該地區(qū),受到的影響較大;廣東沿海是我國經(jīng)濟非常發(fā)達的地區(qū),富含有N、P、K等營養(yǎng)元素的工廠生產(chǎn)、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、生活廢水的排放導致海水中的藻類物質(zhì)大量繁殖,水中的溶解氧減少,魚類因窒息而死亡的現(xiàn)象在該地區(qū)時常發(fā)生。(3)從題干中提供的信息分析可知,6月末至7月初為北半球的夏季,因是短期的高溫,與正常年份相比出現(xiàn)異常天氣是因副熱帶高壓和熱帶氣旋外圍下沉氣流共同影響。
一、低濕地的治理與開發(fā)1、 低濕地治理開發(fā)的原因——辛店洼自然條件的主要特點(1)地勢低平:辛店洼洼底海拔17.5米,洼緣海拔19.5米,是全市最低點。(2)漬澇嚴重:其成因如表6-4所示(3)土質(zhì)好、水源足、水質(zhì)好:成土母質(zhì)為黃河沖積物,土壤質(zhì)地好;水資源豐富,水質(zhì)較好。2、低洼地治理開發(fā)的方法:魚塘——臺田模式(或稱塘田模式)以往辛店洼曾采用挖溝排水的措施治理低洼地,但治理效果不明顯,因為辛店洼的主要矛盾是地勢低洼,地下水位高,挖溝排水因地勢低,排水困難,地下水位難以下降,故治理效果不明顯。20世紀80年代以來,科學工作者在辛店洼地區(qū)開始了整治低濕地的研究,他們遵循“因洼制宜”的指導思想,逐步摸索出了低濕地的治理模式:魚塘—--臺田模式
(2)、中國堅持以互利合作實現(xiàn)共同繁榮----促進共同發(fā)展中國堅持以互利合作實現(xiàn)共同繁榮。中國連續(xù)擔任經(jīng)社理事會理事國,積極參與經(jīng)社系統(tǒng)有關經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的重要國際會議和其他活動并承辦了聯(lián)合國第四次世界婦女大會。中國積極推動南北對話和南南合作,敦促發(fā)達國家為實現(xiàn)全球普遍、協(xié)調(diào)、均衡發(fā)展承擔更多責任。中國加人多項國際人權公約并認真履行公約義務,與聯(lián)合國人權事務高級專員保持良好合作,與多國展開人權對話。相關鏈接:1995年9月,聯(lián)合國第四次世界婦女大會在北京舉行。來自197個國家和地區(qū)以及眾多國際組織的1.76萬名代表圍繞會議主題“以行動謀求平等、發(fā)展與和平”展開熱烈討論。會議通過了《北京宣言》和《行動綱領》,為全球婦女事業(yè)的發(fā)展注入了新的活力。
(3)、各種利益集團內(nèi)部很少有什么民主機制,大都為少數(shù)人所控制——從利益集團內(nèi)部的管理機制看;廣大群眾常常對某些組織寄予期望,投人力量,但是他們的利益卻往往得不到關注。(4)、利益集團為政府腐敗提供了肥沃的土壤。利益集團的活動方式,在很大程度上是用金錢購買政治影響力,是一種滋養(yǎng)腐敗的行為——從利益集團對政府的負面影響看。實際上,在國會議員、政府官員與利益集團之間,已經(jīng)形成一種相互依賴的共生關系。3、利益集團機制的隱蔽性、欺騙性及其實質(zhì):美國政壇中的利益集團機制,是資產(chǎn)階級控制國家機器的一種特殊形式,具有相當強的隱蔽性和欺騙性。表面上看,利益集團是所謂的“民意代表”,向政府反映各階層、群體的觀點和利益,實質(zhì)上是資產(chǎn)階級在“民意”的幌子下控制權力。
中國加人世貿(mào)組織承擔的義務主要包括:進一步降低關稅;取消非關稅貿(mào)易壁壘;取消被禁止的出口補貼;開放國內(nèi)市場,特別是服務市場;擴大對知識產(chǎn)權的保護范圍;放寬和改善外資政策;增加貿(mào)易政策的透明度等。履行這些義務對中國提出了挑戰(zhàn)。中國加入世貿(mào)組織后,享受多邊、無條件、穩(wěn)定的最惠國待遇和國民待遇;參與世貿(mào)組織各機構的所有會議;參與貿(mào)易政策審議,對貿(mào)易伙伴的貿(mào)易政策進行質(zhì)詢和監(jiān)督;利用世貿(mào)組織的爭端解決機制解決貿(mào)易糾紛;參與新一輪多邊貿(mào)易談判,制定多邊貿(mào)易規(guī)則;享受發(fā)展中國家特有的權益。②意義:中國正充分行使這些權利,積極主動地參與、加強和發(fā)展多邊貿(mào)易體制,推動建立公平、合理的國際經(jīng)濟新秩序,維護國家利益。相關鏈接:2005年7月.中國倡議的WTO小型部長級會議在大連召開,世貿(mào)組織總干事和三十多個成員的代表出席會議。
①含義:即國家管理形式,是國家政權的組織形式②政體的必要性和重要性A、行使職能B、維護其根本利益掌握國家政權的階級為實現(xiàn)政治統(tǒng)治、行使社會管理職能,必然要采取某種形式組織政權機關。統(tǒng)治階級為維護其根本利益,總是力求采用最有效的政權組織形式。3、國體與政體的關系(板書)(1)、政體的多樣性(2)、國體與政體的關系①國體決定政體,并通過一定的政體來體現(xiàn);政體體現(xiàn)國體,并服務于特定的國體。適當?shù)恼w能夠鞏固國體,不適當?shù)恼w會危害國體。補充:政體由國體決定并反映國體,國體是主要的方面。但是,政體也具有一定的獨立性,影響它形成的因素主要有:歷史條件、階級力量對比、傳統(tǒng)習慣、國際環(huán)境影響等。②專政政體國體與政體,即是國家制度中內(nèi)容與形式兩個方面(3)從國體、政體兩個方面看民主制國家補充:專政即是主要依靠暴力實行的統(tǒng)治,它與民主相對立,屬于國體的范疇,而專制則與法制相對立,屬于政體的范疇。
國會一直在政治生活中居于主導地位;到了當代,則是總統(tǒng)居于主導地位。由于司法機關無權直接支配社會力量和財富,相比之下,聯(lián)邦法院力量向來較弱。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,由于美國一直追逐全球霸權,美國總統(tǒng)的戰(zhàn)爭權力更加強化,向海外派遣軍隊的次數(shù)更加頻繁。美國人民日益覺察到這種不斷增長的“帝王般總統(tǒng)職位”可能帶來的危險。2、三權分立制的本質(zhì)——是一種資產(chǎn)階級民主制度美國的三權分立制本質(zhì)上是一種資產(chǎn)階級民主制度。二百多年的歷史經(jīng)驗表明,它有效地維護了美國資產(chǎn)階級的統(tǒng)治。但是,廣大勞動人民不可能在這種制度下享有真正的民主。雖然三大權力機關之間互相制約、平衡,卻沒有一個代表人民意志的權力機關,因而不可能實現(xiàn)人民群眾的多數(shù)人統(tǒng)治?!蟊究蝾}小結(jié):◇3個3種權力:3種權力即立法權、行政權和司法權;3個弊端:即三權分立原則的3 個弊端;3個中央政權機構即立法機關、行政機關和司法機關;◇2個原因:即確立三權分立原則的原因◇1個本質(zhì):即三權分立原則的本質(zhì)
(一)自然災害監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)1.概念:自然災害監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)是由國家、區(qū)域及地方等各級組織,通過不同平臺對自然災害進行監(jiān)測和分析的網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)。2.作用:災前預警、災中跟蹤、災后評估以及提出減災決策方案3.世界和我國災害監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展情況①已經(jīng)形成了遍布世界各地、相互交織的災害監(jiān)測和預警網(wǎng)絡。②我國已經(jīng)運用現(xiàn)代科學技術建立起各種自然災害監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)(二)遙感技術在自然災害監(jiān)測中的作用1.遙感(RS)技術的特點:觀測范圍廣、信息獲取量大、獲取速度快、實時性好和動態(tài)性強等。從空間尺度看,遙感具有全球觀測能力,可從多波段、多時相和全天候角度獲得全球自然災害的觀測數(shù)據(jù);從時間尺度看,在遙感平臺上能夠?qū)Φ厍蜻M行同步觀測,可獲得地球表層及其瞬間變化的災害信息。
三峽庫區(qū)農(nóng)村移民安置根本出路是通過發(fā)展大農(nóng)業(yè)來解決耕地不足,不應盲目開墾荒坡地,防止產(chǎn)生新的水土流失,盡量避免生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化。2、就地后靠,就近安置模式三峽庫區(qū)淹沒區(qū)線狀分布的受淹特點有別于一般水庫淹沒區(qū)的片狀分布,使得庫區(qū)移民具有相對分散的特點,且淹沒涉及的356個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)沒有一個被全淹,甚至全淹的村也很少,這有利于移民在本縣甚至本鄉(xiāng)就近后靠安置,避免了水庫移民大量外遷、遠遷所造成的種種困難和后遺癥。三峽移民搬遷大多可以就地后靠,就近安置,這是三峽移民的一大特色。就近后靠安置的優(yōu)點是不離本鄉(xiāng)本土,移民容易接受,且避免了移民大量外遷、遠遷所造成的困難和后遺癥;缺點是容易對當?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境造成過大的壓力,如過度開墾坡地、破壞植被、加劇水土流失等。3、工程周期長,可從容安置移民三峽工程建設周期長(1994年~2009年,共17年),使得移民安置能夠及早進行,可以從容安置移民的生產(chǎn)和生活。
3、聯(lián)邦制的弊端:(1)、效率不高:(2)、集團分享權力,維護資產(chǎn)階級的利益,不顧人民要求。在美國實行聯(lián)邦制的二百多年問,聯(lián)邦制的弊端也顯露無遺。美國聯(lián)邦制的最大問題是效率不高,聯(lián)邦政府與州政府之間相互扯皮、推諉,各州政府之間各自為政。全國性資產(chǎn)階級利益集團與地方性資產(chǎn)階級利益集團分享權力,對于廣大人民群眾的要求,資產(chǎn)階級則利用國家結(jié)構形式的特點相互推卸責任。當大多數(shù)資產(chǎn)階級利益集團意見接近時,聯(lián)邦制既能保護州的靈活性,又能保證中央的權威;當資產(chǎn)階級利益集團之間矛盾重重時,聯(lián)邦制就處于低效運轉(zhuǎn)之中。相關鏈接:1954年,美國最高法院在一項判決中宣布,公立學校實行種族隔離、拒絕黑人入學是違反憲法的。這一裁決引起南方一些州的抵制,一些州竟以暴力阻止黑人進入公立學校。