-
數(shù)據(jù)的收集與整理 3 數(shù)據(jù)的表示教案教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，導(dǎo)入新課：你對母親知多少師問1：我們5月份剛過了一個重要的節(jié)日，你知道是什么嗎？----母親節(jié)。師問2：那你知道媽媽的生日嗎？（舉手示意），每個媽媽都知道自己孩子的生日，請不知道的同學(xué)回家了解一下，多關(guān)心一下自己的父母。師問3：那你知道媽媽最愛吃的菜嗎？你可以選擇知道、不知道或者是沒有愛吃的（拖動白板上相對應(yīng)的表情符號）。請大家用不同的手勢表示出來。我找3名同學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)各組的數(shù)據(jù)，寫在黑板上（隨機(jī)找3名學(xué)生數(shù)人數(shù)）。下面我來隨機(jī)采訪一下：你媽媽最喜歡吃的菜是什么？（教師隨機(jī)采訪，結(jié)合營養(yǎng)搭配和感恩教育）
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)人教版四年級下冊《乘、除法的意義和各部分間的關(guān)系》說課稿
尊敬的各位評委老師： 你們好！我說課的內(nèi)容是義務(wù)教育教科書人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)四年級下冊第一單元第5-6頁的內(nèi)容《乘除法的意義和各部分間的關(guān)系》。下面我談?wù)劚竟?jié)課的教學(xué)設(shè)想，不妥之處，懇請各位教師指正。一．我對教材的理解（教材分析）——參考教學(xué)參考書《乘除法的意義和各部分間的關(guān)系》是人教版小學(xué)四年級下冊第一單元四則運(yùn)算中第2課時的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。本課是在學(xué)生對整數(shù)乘除法有了較多的接觸，積累了豐富的感性認(rèn)識并掌握了相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)知識和技能的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行抽象、概括，上升到理性的認(rèn)識。為后面學(xué)習(xí)的四則運(yùn)算打基礎(chǔ)，也為以后學(xué)習(xí)小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)的意義和關(guān)系做鋪墊。二．學(xué)情分析（根據(jù)考評要求，可不說）因?yàn)槟挲g特征決定了四年級學(xué)生活潑好奇好動，雖具一定的抽象思維能力，但仍然以形象思維為主；就知識層面上，已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了簡單整數(shù)乘除法，對整數(shù)乘除法及各部分名稱有初步的感性認(rèn)知，初步具備了理性認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)；同時又存在個體差異，多數(shù)學(xué)生思維活躍，數(shù)學(xué)興趣濃厚，表現(xiàn)欲望強(qiáng)烈，少數(shù)學(xué)生缺乏積極性，學(xué)習(xí)被動。
北師大初中七年級數(shù)學(xué)下冊用關(guān)系式表示的變量間關(guān)系教案
方法總結(jié)：觀察表中的數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的變化規(guī)律，然后根據(jù)其增減趨勢寫出自變量與因變量之間的關(guān)系式．三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1．用關(guān)系式表示變量間關(guān)系2．表格和關(guān)系式的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系：表格能直接得到某些具體的對應(yīng)值，但不能直接反映變量的整體變化情況；用關(guān)系式表示變量之間的關(guān)系簡單明了，便于計(jì)算分析，能方便求出自變量為任意一個值時，相對應(yīng)的因變量的值，但是需計(jì)算．本節(jié)課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容是變量間關(guān)系的另一種表示方法，這種表示方法學(xué)生才接觸到，學(xué)生感覺有點(diǎn)難．這節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)是讓學(xué)生掌握用關(guān)系式與表格表示變量間的關(guān)系，難點(diǎn)是理解這兩種表示方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)．就此問題，通過讓學(xué)生對幾個例子比較、討論、總結(jié)、歸納兩種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)來解決，這樣學(xué)生就能很好地區(qū)分這兩種表示方法，并能對不同的問題選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?/p>
北師大初中七年級數(shù)學(xué)下冊用表格表示的變量間關(guān)系教案
解：(1)電動車的月產(chǎn)量y為隨著時間x的變化而變化，有一個時間x就有唯一一個y與之對應(yīng)，月產(chǎn)量y是時間x的因變量；(2)6月份產(chǎn)量最高，1月份產(chǎn)量最低；(3)6月份和1月份相差最大，在1月份加緊生產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)量的增值．方法總結(jié)：觀察因變量隨自變量變化而變化的趨勢，實(shí)質(zhì)是觀察自變量增大時，因變量是隨之增大還是減?。鍟O(shè)計(jì)1．常量與變量：在一個變化過程中，數(shù)值發(fā)生變化的量為變量，數(shù)值始終不變的量稱之為常量．2．用表格表示數(shù)量間的關(guān)系：借助表格表示因變量隨自變量的變化而變化的情況．自變量和因變量是用來描述我們所熟悉的變化的事物以及自然界中出現(xiàn)的一些變化現(xiàn)象的兩個重要的量，對于我們所熟悉的變化，在用了這兩個量的描述之后更加鮮明．本節(jié)是學(xué)好本章的基礎(chǔ)，教學(xué)中立足于學(xué)生的認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)，激發(fā)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知沖突，提升學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平，使學(xué)生在原有的知識基礎(chǔ)上迅速遷移到新知上來
高教版中職數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)模塊下冊：10.1《計(jì)數(shù)原理》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
授課 日期 班級16高造價(jià) 課題： §10.1 計(jì)數(shù)原理 教學(xué)目的要求： 1.掌握分類計(jì)數(shù)原理與分步計(jì)數(shù)原理的概念和區(qū)別； 2.能利用兩個原理分析和解決一些簡單的應(yīng)用問題； 3.通過對一些應(yīng)用問題的分析，培養(yǎng)自己的歸納概括和邏輯判斷能力. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn): 兩個原理的概念與區(qū)別 授課方法： 任務(wù)驅(qū)動法 小組合作學(xué)習(xí)法 教學(xué)參考及教具（含多媒體教學(xué)設(shè)備）： 《單招教學(xué)大綱》、課件 授課執(zhí)行情況及分析： 板書設(shè)計(jì)或授課提綱 §10.1 計(jì)數(shù)原理 1、加法原理 2、乘法原理 3、兩個原理的區(qū)別
一元一次方程教案教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
1、方程的定義1)像這種用等號“=”來表示相等關(guān)系的式子，叫等式。(老師給出定義。）2)請大家觀察左邊的這些式子，看看它們有什么共同的特征？(老師提出問題。）3）列方程時，要先設(shè)字母表示未知數(shù)，然后根據(jù)問題中的相等關(guān)系，寫出含有未知數(shù)的等式叫做方程。（學(xué)生思考后，老師給出新學(xué)內(nèi)容方程的定義。）4）判斷方程的兩個關(guān)鍵要素： ①有未知數(shù) ②是等式（老師提問，并給出。）
高教版中職數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)模塊下冊：6.3《等比數(shù)列》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
課題序號6-3授課形式講授與練習(xí)課題名稱等比數(shù)列課時2教學(xué) 目標(biāo)知識 目標(biāo)理解并掌握等比數(shù)列的概念，掌握并能應(yīng)用等比數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式及前n項(xiàng)和公式。能力 目標(biāo)通過公式的推導(dǎo)和應(yīng)用，使學(xué)生體會從特殊到一般，再從一般到特殊的思維規(guī)律，初步形成認(rèn)識問題、分析問題、解決問題的一般思路和方法 。素質(zhì) 目標(biāo)通過對等比數(shù)列知識的學(xué)習(xí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生細(xì)心觀察、認(rèn)真分析、正確總結(jié)的科學(xué)思維習(xí)慣和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。教學(xué) 重點(diǎn)等比數(shù)列的概念及通項(xiàng)公式、前n項(xiàng)和公式的推導(dǎo)過程及運(yùn)用。教學(xué) 難點(diǎn)對等比數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式與求和公式變式運(yùn)用。教學(xué)內(nèi)容 調(diào)整無學(xué)生知識與 能力準(zhǔn)備數(shù)列的概念課后拓展 練習(xí) 習(xí)題（P.21）： 3，4．教學(xué) 反思 教研室 審核
高教版中職數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)模塊下冊：6.2《等差數(shù)列》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
系（部）醫(yī)藥授課教師戚文擷授課班級11(5),11（6）班授課類型新授課授課時數(shù)2課時授課周數(shù)第一周授課日期2012.2.15授課地點(diǎn) 教室課題第六章數(shù)列分課題§6.2 等差數(shù)列教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 理解等差數(shù)列的概念，掌握等差數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式；掌握等差中項(xiàng)的概念． 2. 逐步靈活應(yīng)用等差數(shù)列的概念和通項(xiàng)公式解決問題． 3.等差數(shù)列的前N項(xiàng)之和 ． 4．培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析、比較、歸納的邏輯思維能力． ． 2． 3．教學(xué)重點(diǎn)等差數(shù)列的概念及其通項(xiàng)公式． 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)等差數(shù)列通項(xiàng)公式的靈活運(yùn)用． 教學(xué)方法情境教學(xué)法、自主探究式教學(xué)方法教學(xué)器材及設(shè)備黑板、粉筆復(fù)習(xí)提問提問內(nèi)容姓名成績1．?dāng)?shù)列的定義？ 答： 2. 數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式？ 答： 板書設(shè)計(jì) §6.2.1等差數(shù)列的概念 1． 1.等差數(shù)列的定義 公差：d 2.常數(shù)列 3．等差數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式 an＝a1＋(n－1)d． 等差數(shù)列的前n 項(xiàng)和公式： 例題 練習(xí)作業(yè)布置習(xí)題第1，2題．課后小結(jié)本節(jié)課主要采用自主探究式教學(xué)方法．充分利用現(xiàn)實(shí)情景，盡可能地增加教學(xué)過程的趣味性、實(shí)踐性．我再整個教學(xué)中強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生的主動參與，讓學(xué)生自己去分析、探索，在探索過程中研究和領(lǐng)悟得出的結(jié)論，從而達(dá)到使學(xué)生既獲得知識又發(fā)展智能的目的．
高教版中職數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)模塊下冊：10.2《概率》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
課程課題隨機(jī)事件和概率授課教師李丹丹學(xué)時數(shù)2授課班級 授課時間 教學(xué)地點(diǎn) 背景分析正確使用兩個基本原理的前提是要學(xué)生清楚兩個基本原理使用的條件；分類用加法原理，分步用乘法原理，單純這點(diǎn)學(xué)生是容易理解的，問題在于怎樣合理地進(jìn)行分類和分步教學(xué)中給出的練習(xí)均在課本例題的基礎(chǔ)上稍加改動過的，目的就在于幫助學(xué)生對這一知識的理解與應(yīng)用 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 設(shè) 定知識目標(biāo)能力（技能）目標(biāo)態(tài)度與情感目標(biāo)1、理解隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)、隨機(jī)事件、必然事件、不可能事件等概念 2、理解基本事件空間、基本事件的概念,會用集合表示基本事件空間和事件 1 會用隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)、隨機(jī)事件、必然事件、不可能事件等概念 2 會用基本事件空間、基本事件的概念,會用集合表示基本事件空間和事件 3、掌握事件的基本關(guān)系與運(yùn)算 了解學(xué)習(xí)本章的意義,激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣. 學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù) 描 述 任務(wù)一，隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)、隨機(jī)事件、必然事件、不可能事件等概念 任務(wù)二，理解基本事件空間、基本事件的概念,會用集合表示基本事件空間和事件
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Bridging Cultures-Discovering useful structures教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Discovering useful structures教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分，只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Using langauge教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Discovering useful structures教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報(bào)紙報(bào)道說有一百多人在暴風(fēng)雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時，以及by、before后面接過去的時間時，主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中，條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，且主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點(diǎn)得到他的指示，我早就完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點(diǎn)的話，我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會，你就會見到他的。
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Learning about Language教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys： 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Reading and thinking教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
Step 5： After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Reading and thinking教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 First Aid-Discovering useful structures教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
You have no excuse for not going.你沒有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2．動詞ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動詞ing，即“sb./sb.'s＋doing”構(gòu)成。動詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動詞ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。動詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：①形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞ing②名詞所有格＋動詞ing③代詞賓格＋動詞ing④名詞＋動詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎？無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎？Excuse me for my not coming on time．很抱歉我沒能按時來。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了，他很擔(dān)心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來給我們舉辦一場演唱會。
【高教版】中職數(shù)學(xué)拓展模塊：3.1《排列與組合》優(yōu)秀教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
教 學(xué) 過 程教師 行為學(xué)生 行為教學(xué) 意圖時間 *揭示課題 3．1 排列與組合． *創(chuàng)設(shè)情境 興趣導(dǎo)入 基礎(chǔ)模塊中，曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩個計(jì)數(shù)原理．大家知道： （1）如果完成一件事，有N類方式.第一類方式有k1種方法，第二類方式有k2種方法，……，第n類方式有kn種方法，那么完成這件事的方法共有 = + +…+（種）． （3.1） （2）如果完成一件事，需要分成N個步驟．完成第1個步驟有k1種方法，完成第2個步驟有k2種方法，……，完成第n個步驟有kn種方法，并且只有這n個步驟都完成后，這件事才能完成，那么完成這件事的方法共有 = · ·…·（種）． （3.2） 下面看一個問題： 在北京、重慶、上海3個民航站之間的直達(dá)航線，需要準(zhǔn)備多少種不同的機(jī)票？ 這個問題就是從北京、重慶、上海3個民航站中，每次取出2個站，按照起點(diǎn)在前，終點(diǎn)在后的順序排列，求不同的排列方法的總數(shù). 首先確定機(jī)票的起點(diǎn)，從3個民航站中任意選取1個，有3種不同的方法；然后確定機(jī)票的終點(diǎn)，從剩余的2個民航站中任意選取1個，有2種不同的方法．根據(jù)分步計(jì)數(shù)原理，共有3×2=6種不同的方法，即需要準(zhǔn)備6種不同的飛機(jī)票： 北京→重慶，北京→上海，重慶→北京，重慶→上海，上?！本?，上?！貞c. 介紹 播放 課件 質(zhì)疑 了解 觀看 課件 思考 引導(dǎo) 啟發(fā)學(xué)生得出結(jié)果 0 15*動腦思考 探索新知 我們將被取的對象（如上面問題中的民航站）叫做元素，上面的問題就是：從3個不同元素中，任取2個，按照一定的順序排成一列，可以得到多少種不同的排列. 一般地，從n個不同元素中，任取m (m≤n)個元素，按照一定的順序排成一列，叫做從n個不同元素中取出m個元素的一個排列，時叫做選排列，時叫做全排列. 總結(jié) 歸納 分析 關(guān)鍵 詞語 思考 理解 記憶 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)解決問題方法 20
二元一次方程組教案教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
1、問題1的設(shè)計(jì)基于學(xué)生已有的一元一次方程的知識，學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考問題，同學(xué)會考慮到題中涉及到等量關(guān)系，從中抽象出一元一次方程模型；同學(xué)可能想不到用方程的方法解決，可以由組長帶領(lǐng)進(jìn)行討論探究.2、問題2的設(shè)計(jì)為了引出二元一次方程，但由于同學(xué)的知識有限，可能有個別同學(xué)會設(shè)兩個未知數(shù)，列出二元一次方程；如果沒有生列二元一次方程，教師可引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析題目中有兩個未知量，我們可設(shè)兩個未知數(shù)列方程，再次從中抽象出方程模型.根據(jù)方程特點(diǎn)讓生給方程起名，提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣.3、定義的歸納，先請同學(xué)們觀察所列的方程，找出它們的共同點(diǎn)，并用自己的語言描述，組內(nèi)交流看法；如果學(xué)生概括的不完善，請其他同學(xué)補(bǔ)充. 交流完善給出定義，教師規(guī)范定義.
初中數(shù)學(xué)人教版二元一次方程組教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)教案
（一）例題引入籃球聯(lián)賽中，每場比賽都要分出勝負(fù)，每隊(duì)勝1場得2分，負(fù)1場得1分。某隊(duì)在10場比賽中得到16分，那么這個隊(duì)勝負(fù)場數(shù)分別是多少？方法一：（利用之前的知識，學(xué)生自己列出并求解）解：設(shè)剩X場，則負(fù)（10－X)場。方程：2X+(10－X)=16方法二：（老師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生一起列出方程組）解：設(shè)勝X場，負(fù)Y場。根據(jù)：勝的場數(shù)+負(fù)的場數(shù)=總場數(shù) 勝場積分+負(fù)場積分=總積分得到：X+Y=10 2X+Y=16