一、作者簡(jiǎn)介:威廉·莎士比亞(1564~1616),英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期偉大的戲劇家和詩(shī)人。(人文主義:歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)反封建的社會(huì)思潮。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)人道主義的最初形式。它肯定人性和人的價(jià)值,要求享受人世的歡樂,要求人的個(gè)性解放和自由平等,推崇人的感性經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理性思維。)一生共寫有37部戲劇,154首14行詩(shī),兩首長(zhǎng)詩(shī)和許多其他詩(shī)歌。主要代表作有早期的歷史劇、喜劇———《亨利四世》、《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》、《威尼斯商人》和《羅密歐與朱麗葉》等;中期的悲劇———《哈姆萊特》、《奧瑟羅》、《李爾王》和《麥克白》等;后期的傳奇劇———《暴風(fēng)雨》等。二、莎士比亞創(chuàng)作《哈姆萊特》的社會(huì)背景:莎士比亞是歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期英國(guó)偉大的戲劇家和詩(shī)人。他生活在歐洲歷史上封建制度日趨沒落、資本主義興起的交替時(shí)代。哈姆萊特是丹麥古代的王子。莎士比亞故意以超越時(shí)代的誤差將哈姆萊特搬到伊麗莎白統(tǒng)治未年的英國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)中來。
讓學(xué)生仔細(xì)聆聽美妙的音樂,合作討論,加深理解。(1)本詩(shī)文中的“蘭芝被遣”和“蘭芝抗婚”的情節(jié),可與樂曲展開部第一階段“逼嫁抗婚”對(duì)比閱讀。文中的劉蘭芝是在封建禮教的壓迫下被遣歸及被迫“改嫁”,劉蘭芝與祝英臺(tái)一樣都進(jìn)行了抗?fàn)帯非械臉菲髯喑隽司哂型{力的封建勢(shì)力的主題,代表著封建勢(shì)力的兇暴殘酷,同時(shí)敘述了祝英臺(tái)的悲痛和不安心情,表現(xiàn)了控訴、抗?fàn)幍母星?。?)本詩(shī)文中的“夫妻誓別”的情節(jié),可與樂曲呈示部中的結(jié)束部“長(zhǎng)亭惜別”對(duì)比閱讀。文中劉蘭芝與焦仲卿的誓別。二人分手之際,依依不舍,“舉手長(zhǎng)勞勞,二情同依依”。樂曲中梁祝分別時(shí)依依不舍又充滿悲傷,音調(diào)抒情徐緩。讓學(xué)生在徐緩的音樂中去感受劉蘭芝與焦仲卿生離死別的痛苦。
三、具體研習(xí)1、文章的哪些段落描寫了故都的秋?郁達(dá)夫先生既然這么喜歡故都的秋,那么他選取了哪些畫面來寫故都的秋?(學(xué)生閱讀圈點(diǎn),教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵句。)明確:從3--11自然段。主要是5幅畫面,第3段庭院靜觀(破屋秋色),第4段槐樹落蕊(街頭落蕊),第5段秋蟬殘鳴,第6—10段閑話秋涼,第11段清秋佳果。2、故都的秋有什么特點(diǎn)?明確:清、靜、悲涼。2、作者在對(duì)這些景具體的描繪中,是如何體現(xiàn)故都秋“清、靜、悲涼”的特點(diǎn)的呢?(下面先請(qǐng)同學(xué)來誦讀課文3——11段落,其他同學(xué)要眼耳手腦并用,一是圈出文中體現(xiàn)秋天色彩的詞語,二是標(biāo)出傳遞聲響的物名。我們將從“秋色”和“秋聲”兩個(gè)角度來品味一下故都的“秋味”。)
教學(xué)過程:一、導(dǎo)語毛澤東在《沁園春雪》俯視封建君王“惜秦皇漢武。。。只識(shí)彎弓射大雕。”但如果歷史上只有一個(gè)人可以與他相提并論,這個(gè)人只能是魏武帝曹操。“滾滾長(zhǎng)江東逝水,浪花淘盡英雄。是非成敗轉(zhuǎn)頭空,青山依舊在,幾度夕陽紅。”(《三國(guó)演義》卷首詞)在歷史的大浪淘沙中,有多少英雄能夠經(jīng)得起歷史的千淘萬漉而流芳百世呢?曹操應(yīng)該是三國(guó)時(shí)代留下了濃重一筆的人物。老師總結(jié),并啟發(fā)他們?nèi)ヂ?lián)系:我們學(xué)過他的《觀滄?!贰皷|臨碣石,以觀滄海…”還有《龜雖壽》“神龜雖壽,猷有竟時(shí)。老驥伏櫪,志在千里;烈士暮年,壯心不已?!薄肚嗝分鬄⒄撚⑿邸分性退娺^,《三國(guó)演義》電視劇播出后,大家和他也就頻頻見面了?!度龂?guó)演義》第48回“宴長(zhǎng)江曹操賦詩(shī)”中,赤壁之戰(zhàn)前夕,曹操和眾部將一起狂飲,他四顧空闊,心中大喜,與諸將講述自己希望收服江南的雄心壯志。
一、明確目標(biāo)1.注意小傳的寫作特色,如小傳的“小”以及是怎樣小中見大的。2.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行綜合把握和比較閱讀以更好地理解課文內(nèi)容,看看在寫法上各自有什么不同。3.一詞多義的準(zhǔn)確知識(shí)運(yùn)用二、整體感知1.解題李商隱的《李賀小傳》有別于一般傳記文的客觀直敘,是一篇性情之文;同時(shí)也和作者的詩(shī)歌風(fēng)格相異,寫得樸實(shí)自然而又不乏意趣。2.本文所體現(xiàn)的“小傳”的特點(diǎn)本文最大的特點(diǎn)在于:小傳雖小,但小中有大、以小見大。其“小”在于:作者并沒有全面勾勒詩(shī)人李賀的一生,對(duì)他的生平經(jīng)歷也記敘不多,而是選取了他生活中的若干小片段進(jìn)行插敘,以小片段撐起傳記的主干。此外,在篇幅上,全文寥寥數(shù)百字,語言極為精練。而其“大”又體現(xiàn)在:極小極短的篇幅卻具有很大的容量,集敘事、議論和曲折的抒情于一體。內(nèi)容渾厚,意味深長(zhǎng)。
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1.理解作者反抗黑暗,辭官歸田,不與當(dāng)時(shí)黑暗的上層社會(huì)同流合污而熱愛田園生活的積極精神,學(xué)習(xí)其高潔的理想志趣和堅(jiān)定的人生追求。2.掌握“胡、奚、曷、焉、何”五個(gè)疑問代詞,歸納“行、引、乘、策”等四個(gè)詞的一詞多義,了解“以、而、之、兮、來”等文言虛詞的用法。3.背誦全文?!窘虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)】1.了解作者辭官歸田的原因,深刻體味詩(shī)人鄙棄官場(chǎng),熱愛田園的無限欣喜之情。2.背誦全文?!窘虒W(xué)難點(diǎn)】1.理解記述中滲透出的或喜或哀,或決絕或猶疑的復(fù)雜感情。2.歸納實(shí)詞、虛詞的用法,掌握省略句、倒裝句兩種句式?!窘叹邷?zhǔn)備】投影儀投影膠片【課時(shí)安排】2課時(shí)【教學(xué)過程】第一課時(shí)[教學(xué)要點(diǎn)]了解陶淵明及其作品。讀課文,利用注釋、工具書,初步把握文章,朗讀課文,找出押韻的字,由押韻歸納各層大意,幫助學(xué)生理清背誦思路,背誦全文。[教學(xué)步驟]一、導(dǎo)語《桃花源記》是我們?cè)诔踔薪佑|過的陶淵明的作品。師生一同背誦?!短一ㄔ从洝分杏崎e自得的田園生活正是作者精神追求的形象反映。今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的《歸去來兮辭》正是作者決別官場(chǎng),同上層社會(huì)分道揚(yáng)鑣的宣言書。
(2)怎樣理解本文的一些相關(guān)論述?【明確】這是一篇科學(xué)講演,涉及較為復(fù)雜的背景知識(shí)。這些知識(shí)和講演的主題是密切相關(guān)的,如果不作必要的交待,講演的內(nèi)容就會(huì)顯得抽象和單薄。如,談到天氣預(yù)報(bào)、大腦工作原理都具有混沌性質(zhì),來反襯宇宙在大尺度上是"平滑而非混沌"的;如,談到恒星的死亡(歸宿)引出黑洞,為宇宙中暗物質(zhì)的存在尋找理論支持;如,談到現(xiàn)存宇宙對(duì)初始密度的極度敏感,引出了"人擇原理"等等。這些相關(guān)的論述,或從對(duì)立面凸顯觀點(diǎn),或從縱深面強(qiáng)化觀點(diǎn),使論證豐富多彩。(3)這篇講演在語言上具有怎樣的特點(diǎn)?【明確】講演是面對(duì)面的交流,這種交流又是單向度的,如果不注意講演的語言藝術(shù),就達(dá)不到最佳的表達(dá)效果。這篇講演,除了推理嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)外,語言幽默也是其突出的特點(diǎn)。幽默的語言創(chuàng)造出一種輕松愉快的氣氛,更具有親和力,使所闡發(fā)的事理更容易為聽眾接受。
六、到此為止,我們了解到,作者對(duì)“笑”鯤鵬和別人的蜩與學(xué)鳩、斥鴳、宋榮子都一一作了否定。那么請(qǐng)大家討論一下,1、作者對(duì)鯤鵬和“知效一官,行比一鄉(xiāng),德合一君,而征一國(guó)者”是不是肯定呢?明確:也都作了否定。否定后者好理解,關(guān)鍵是否定前者不好理解,因?yàn)椤蚌H鵬展翅”早已作為積極的意象被人們廣泛引用。但在本文中,作者在講述這一寓言故事時(shí),突出的不是鯤鵬本身,而是風(fēng)力,“故九萬里,風(fēng)斯在下矣,而后乃今培風(fēng);背負(fù)青天,而莫之夭閼者,而后乃今將圖南”。對(duì)風(fēng)力作用的突出,實(shí)際上就是對(duì)鯤鵬的否定。作者寫了“笑”的雙方,對(duì)“笑”的一方蜩與學(xué)鳩、斥鴳、宋榮子都作了否定,對(duì)被“笑”的一方鯤鵬和“知效一官,行比一鄉(xiāng),德合一君,而征一國(guó)者”也都作了否定,并且對(duì)順便提及的野馬、塵埃、芥、大舟、朝菌、蟪蛄、冥靈、大椿、彭祖、列子等事物或者人物也都作了否定。這種全盤否定的態(tài)度,如果我們借用本文中的一個(gè)形象的詞語,可以說是:笑!是的,本文也可以說是:莊子“笑”萬物!
二、課堂教學(xué):1、學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)介背景:教師掌握:漢武帝開始對(duì)匈奴進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期的討伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),其中取得了三次具有決定意義的勝利,時(shí)間為公元前127年、前121年、前119年。匈奴的威勢(shì)大大削弱之后,表示愿意與漢講和,但雙方矛盾還是根深蒂固。所以,到公元前100年,蘇武出使匈奴時(shí),卻被扣留,并迫使他投降?!短K武傳》集中敘寫了蘇武出使匈奴被扣留期間的事跡,熱烈頌揚(yáng)了他在敵人面前富貴不能淫,貧賤不能移,威武不能屈,饑寒壓不倒,私情無所動(dòng)的浩然正氣,充分肯定了他堅(jiān)毅忠貞,大義凜然,視死如歸的民族氣節(jié)。2、作者介紹:班固(32——92年),字孟堅(jiān),扶風(fēng)安陵(今陜西咸陽市東)人。東漢著名的史學(xué)家?!逗鬂h書·班固傳》稱他“年九歲,能屬文,誦詩(shī)賦。及長(zhǎng),遂博貫載籍,九流百家之言,無不窮究。所學(xué)無常師,不為章句,舉大義而已”。其父班彪曾續(xù)司馬遷《史記》作《史記后傳》,未成而故。
2.【提問】《醉花陰》反映的是早年丈夫趙明誠(chéng)游宦在外,作者一個(gè)人留在家中的生活狀況和內(nèi)心感受。對(duì)于這樣的“閨怨”題材,應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣評(píng)價(jià)呢?【明確】作者作為一個(gè)封建時(shí)代的婦女,能夠坦率地表達(dá)出自己對(duì)于丈夫深深的思戀之情,描寫了閨中生活的孤獨(dú)寂寞,這在當(dāng)時(shí)乃是一種很大膽的行為。所以,有人批評(píng)說:李清照作詞是“無顧忌”地“肆意落筆”。其實(shí),感情的充沛、真摯,敢于正面地展露自己的行為和內(nèi)心世界,正是她創(chuàng)作成功的重要原因之一,也正是她的詞最值得珍視的地方。3.【提問】古人常常愛用花比喻人之美貌,如“芙蓉如面柳如眉”,“人面桃花相映紅”等,而李清照卻說“人比黃花瘦”,這樣的比喻有什么豐富的內(nèi)涵?【明確】黃色的菊花不止外形上雅淡、清秀,與作者因相思而消瘦的體態(tài)相近,而且在菊花品格的傳統(tǒng)象征意義上,也酷似作者清高、淡泊的精神,這樣的比喻正比較恰切地反映了當(dāng)時(shí)作者由于離開丈夫而孤獨(dú)、愁悶的生活狀態(tài)和內(nèi)心情感。
這兩章是對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)場(chǎng)面的描寫。寫的是戰(zhàn)車、戰(zhàn)馬、象弭、魚服以及士兵的勞累奔波、饑渴難當(dāng),通過這些具體生動(dòng)的細(xì)節(jié)描寫來展現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)生活的圖景。而沒有寫戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的刀光劍影、廝打拼殺,但戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的殘酷已可想見。4“昔我往矣,楊柳依依。今我來思,雨雪霏霏”被視為情景交融的佳句。清人王夫之在論《詩(shī)經(jīng)·小雅·采薇》這兩句時(shí)說:“以樂景寫哀,以哀景寫樂,一倍增其哀樂?!闭?wù)勀愕目捶āR灰酝糁撘r眼前之實(shí),以出征之樂襯內(nèi)心之思親之悲痛;二“楊柳依依”與“雨雪霏霏”對(duì)比,突出不勝今昔之感;三大雪交加,饑渴難當(dāng),情境實(shí)悲,以哀景寫哀情。四、交流延伸1寫一首詩(shī)或一段文字表達(dá)你對(duì)“鄉(xiāng)愁”的新的體驗(yàn)。在全班交流。2課后搜集更多的表現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)情的詩(shī)歌散文作品,將你最感動(dòng)的一篇拿到班上與同學(xué)分享感受。
三、想象畫面,把握意境1.指導(dǎo)想象學(xué)習(xí)陶淵明的《歸園田居》我們腦海中自然會(huì)出現(xiàn)一幅幅的畫面,比如他歸家后的生活場(chǎng)景,我們會(huì)想象“榆柳”是如何遮蔽房屋的,而“桃李”又是如何摘種在房前的。我們會(huì)想象村落是如何在薄霧中若隱若現(xiàn)的,想象炊煙是如何裊裊升起的?!渡娼绍饺亍芬辉?shī)只有8句話,更需要我們展開想象,去構(gòu)畫場(chǎng)景,這樣才能深入詩(shī)歌,體會(huì)到詩(shī)歌的味道。2.學(xué)生想象要求學(xué)生閉目想象1分鐘。3.學(xué)生展示想象結(jié)果(抽三四個(gè)學(xué)生回答即可)4.老師指導(dǎo)糾正學(xué)生想象不合理之處。要注意的地方:“江”可能學(xué)生會(huì)想象成小溪流、小池塘?!疤m澤”可能學(xué)生理解成“湖泊”。注意字詞“還顧”“漫浩浩”中隱含的情感,注意“離居”中流露的愁怨。5.時(shí)間允許的話,老師讀自己的下水作文。
全班齊讀第五段內(nèi)容。請(qǐng)一位同學(xué)分析,接著讓這位同學(xué)按他分析的讀一遍。3、4兩自然段的平緩之后,第5段作者的情感再次抬升。為了滿足這種情感的張揚(yáng),作一口氣連用了四個(gè)排比句式“現(xiàn)在是……時(shí)候”,一方面這是情感發(fā)泄的需要,另一方面這種排山倒海的語勢(shì)也加強(qiáng)了內(nèi)容的表達(dá),極強(qiáng)地突出了現(xiàn)實(shí)為自由、平等而戰(zhàn)的重要性。四、學(xué)會(huì)演講我們剛才細(xì)讀了課文,但讀和講是有區(qū)別的。所謂演講,是一門語言藝術(shù),它的主要形式是“講”,即運(yùn)用有聲語言并追求言辭的表現(xiàn)力和聲音的感染力;同時(shí)還要輔之以“演”,即運(yùn)用面部表情、手勢(shì)動(dòng)作、身體姿態(tài)乃至一切可以理解的態(tài)勢(shì)語言,使講話“藝術(shù)化”起來,從而產(chǎn)生一種非凡的藝術(shù)魅力。那么,接下來就假設(shè)一下假如你是馬丁·路德·金,你會(huì)怎樣去講這篇演講辭。
讀《環(huán)境污染組圖》思考:造成交通擁擠的原因是什么?有什么危害?(原因:汽車的增加、汽車數(shù)量與道路狀況的比值越來越大造成的。危害:交通阻塞,導(dǎo)致時(shí)間和能源的嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi),影響城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量。)3.增加就業(yè)困難,失業(yè)人數(shù)增多思考:產(chǎn)生這個(gè)問題的原因是什么?(隨著城市化發(fā)展,城市科學(xué)技術(shù)提高,機(jī)器化大生產(chǎn)使勞動(dòng)者數(shù)量要求降低,城市人口本來就未充分就業(yè),再加上鄉(xiāng)村人口大量涌入,導(dǎo)致失業(yè)人數(shù)增多。)二、解決辦法:(以上海市為例,講解解決的辦法。)1.改善城市環(huán)境:治理河流、控制大氣污染物、大力加強(qiáng)綠化建設(shè)為改善城市環(huán)境,上海市全面展開對(duì)大氣、河流、噪聲等多方面的治理工作。如蘇州河的治理、降低城市污染物濃度、加強(qiáng)綠化建設(shè),截止1990年,市區(qū)綠化覆蓋率達(dá)到20.3%。
1. Do some exercise on the paper. There are four kinds of exercise here. The exercise 1 is to develop Ss’ ability of listening. Exercise 2 is to practice Ss’ ability of knowing the words. Exercise 3 is to develop Ss’ ability of speaking numbers and letters. Exercise 4 is to make Ss know the words and letters well. These exercises can consolidate the new knowledge from different styles of problems.2. Then tell Ss that we can sing the numbers like “ Do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do” and let them listen to a song named “Do, Re, Mi”. Add some extra knowledge so that Ss will be glad to see that the numbers can be used in another way.Step 4 Homework1.Read the numbers from 1 to 7 and 7 to 1 five times.2.Read the letters “u, v, w” five times follow the tape.Reading is a useful way for the Ss of Grade One to practice the knowledge. Ask Ss to imitate reading from the tape in order to make Ss have a good habit of listening and let them have a better pronunciation.Step 5 Board writingI ‘ll put the seven numbers like a scale(音階)as I’ll let Ss know that we can sing out the numbers. When it comes to listen to the song, I ‘ll draw a musical note on Bb. Unit 9 Happy birthday!sevensixfivefourthree U u V v W wtwo pupil five windowoneThat’s all for my class designing. Thank you for listening!
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
1. 表示時(shí)間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí), 如所提供的動(dòng)詞不能和句子中的主語保持一致, 動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語, 通常由名詞或代詞來?yè)?dān)任, 這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.