(三)反饋練習(5分鐘)1、伽利略研究速度與時間的關(guān)系時遇到那些困難?他是怎樣巧妙解決的?2、給出5分鐘讓學生閱讀課后的閱讀材料,體會伽利略一生中對科學和社會的重大貢獻。(四)課堂小結(jié):教師將本節(jié)的學習目標投影到大屏幕上,和學生一起簡單的總結(jié)。(五)課后作業(yè)1、利用現(xiàn)代的測量儀器設計出一個研究自由落體運動規(guī)律的實驗,寫出需要的器材和實驗過程。2、請學生再總結(jié)出一些科學研究中常用的思路和方法。通過這兩個作業(yè),進一步提高學生的科學研究的意識和素質(zhì)。本設計所涉及到的科學研究方法:1、歸繆法——伽利略用亞里士多德的觀點推翻了翻亞里士多德的觀點。2、轉(zhuǎn)換法——伽利略用數(shù)學推理和斜面實驗間接證明他的假設。3、邏輯推理法——用數(shù)學方法推理出速度正比于時間則位移與時間二次方成正比。4、外推法——由斜面實驗外推至自由落體運動運動規(guī)律
回答“朝聞道夕死可矣”是哪位古人的名言,和我校的校園文化有何歷史淵源?同學們異口同聲地回答是“孔子”,并有自豪的表情。我感到本節(jié)課達到了預期效果。二、本節(jié)課的一些特點和成功之處:1、 從重知識的傳授轉(zhuǎn)向重能力的培養(yǎng)。注重了培養(yǎng)學生的想象能力、善于發(fā)現(xiàn)、觀察和審視美的能力、注重培養(yǎng)學生的質(zhì)疑能力、以及類比推理能力。2、 注重物理課程的校本化、注重學科與校園文化、中國古代文化相融合。將屈原、孔子等人的思想與本節(jié)課所提倡的科學精神進行了恰當?shù)穆?lián)系。將中國古代樸素的時空觀如“天上一日,地上一年”、大家耳熟能詳?shù)摹耙晃m映世界、一剎那含永遠”等思想與愛因斯坦的“相對論”進行了類比。將中國古代的“太極圖”與哈勃望遠鏡拍攝的“渦旋星系”作類比,這不但能激發(fā)學生的想象力、類比能力,還能增強民族自豪感和對學校的熱愛。
2、計算天體的質(zhì)量首先觀看多媒體展示天體的運動,同時解釋什么是環(huán)繞天體?什么是中心天體?接著展示相關(guān)問題:①應用萬有引力定律求解天體質(zhì)量的基本思路是什么?②求解天體質(zhì)量的方程依據(jù)是什么?教師點撥,學生分組,合作探究,學生代表發(fā)言設計說明通過創(chuàng)設問題情境,進行由淺至深,由易到難的問題式教學,以激發(fā)學生的積極思維活動;通過探究讓學生建立物理模型,分組討論,求解中心天體質(zhì)量的三種表達式。在進行已有知識的遷移時重點重復環(huán)繞和被繞的關(guān)系,使學生準確抓住模型中的各個星體所擔任的角色。通過小組合作學習,運用類比歸納法得出正確結(jié)論,掌握求解中心天體質(zhì)量的基本思路,以達到突出教學重點的目的。3、發(fā)現(xiàn)未知天體通過2個視頻進行了解設計說明這部分通過視頻主要激發(fā)學生相信科學,學習科學,讓學生感知人類探索宇宙的夢想,激發(fā)學生探索科學奧秘的熱情,培養(yǎng)熱愛科學的情感,促使學生樹立獻身科學的人生價值觀。
① 實驗設計將學生分組,利用桌上的器材進行探究(幻燈片展示)這個實驗難度較大,為了降低難度,為實驗探究鋪下第二臺階,要求學生先分小組討論以下問題(幻燈片展示)有些學生可能不知如何下手,我會要求學生先閱讀課本中的實驗描述從中得到一點提示,再讓一兩個小組同學回答,這樣既體現(xiàn)了學生學習的主體性又可提高學生自主思考和語言表達能力,之后我再進行補充完善(幻燈片展示答案),并用幻燈片把實驗步驟展示出來,在學生實驗過程一直保留,使學生能朝正確的方向進行猜想和操作,為實驗探究鋪下第三個臺階。② 實施探究在學生分組進行探究過程,教師巡視解惑,隨時觀察學生情況,解答學生提出的問題,還可用自言自語方式提示應注意的一些問題,如儀器的正確使用,操作的規(guī)范等,幫助學生盡量在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)順利完成實驗。
共享實驗收集的信息,分享實驗探究的結(jié)論,體驗收獲的樂趣。 小結(jié)拓展 這節(jié)課由大家感興趣的球類運動和彈弓游戲,提出了功與速度變化關(guān)系的問題,利用倍增思想解決測量對物體做功的問題,使用我們熟悉的器材設計了探究方案,并進行實驗探究,采用圖像法進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,初步得出W∝V2的關(guān)系。在我們這節(jié)課探究以前,科學家就通過試驗和理論的方法,已經(jīng)總結(jié)出了功與速度變化的定量關(guān)系。人類社會也在社會生活和生產(chǎn)的各個領(lǐng)域予以利用。比如,古代的戰(zhàn)爭武器拋石器、大型弓弩,以及現(xiàn)代飛機彈射系統(tǒng)、還有機器人行走等等,希望同學在今后的學習中注意留心生活中的物理和社會中的物理。 領(lǐng)會總結(jié)。培養(yǎng)概括總結(jié)的能力,進一步鞏固、感悟、提升實驗探究中獲得的思維能力及動手能力。感悟社會中的物理,認識物理學對科技進步以及文化和社會發(fā)展的影響。 列舉學生知道的社會中做功使物體速度變化的例子,增強學生將物理知識應用于生活和生產(chǎn)的意識,培養(yǎng)學生的社會參與意識和對社會負責任的態(tài)度。
一、教材分析行星的運動選自人教版普通高中物理必修2第六章第1節(jié)。本節(jié)教學既是前面《運動的描述》和《曲線運動》內(nèi)容的進一步的延伸和拓展,又能為后面學習萬有引力定律做鋪墊。在本章中占有較為重要的地位,具有承前啟后的作用。同時該節(jié)內(nèi)容也涉及大量物理史實、貼近學生生活和聯(lián)系社會實際的事實,可進一步培育學生的科學情感、精神和發(fā)展觀。(一)教學目標 1.知識與技能(1)知道地心說和日心說的基本內(nèi)容。(2.)掌握理解開普勒三大定律的內(nèi)容,并能應用。(3)理解人們對行星運動的認識過程是漫長復雜的,真理是來之不易的。2.過程與方法通過托勒密、哥白尼、第谷·布拉赫、開普勒等幾位科學家對行星運動的不同認識,了解人類認識事物本質(zhì)的曲折性并加深對行星運動的理解。3.情感、態(tài)度與價值觀(1)澄清對天體運動神秘、模糊的認識,掌握人類認識自然規(guī)律的科學方法。(2)感悟科學是人類進步不竭的動力。
一、教學理念在新課改精神指導下,我在本課教學中力求貫徹以下教學理念:新課標的指引觀 、生本位的學生觀、探究式的學習觀、多角色的教師觀、 發(fā)展性的評價觀二、教材地位《馬克思主義的誕生》是人教版必修一第五單元第18課內(nèi)容,本課講述的是國際共產(chǎn)主義運動范疇的歷史,是人類社會進入一個新的發(fā)展時期。從總體上概述了社會主義從空想到科學,從理論到實踐的歷程。說明了科學社會主義理論是歷史發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。本課在國際工運史上占有重要的地位。通過學習學生可對馬克思主義加深了解,理解人類歷史發(fā)展的必然趨勢以及人類一直不斷追求進步的精神,幫助學生樹立正確的人生觀、價值觀,達到以史鑒今,服務現(xiàn)實的目的。
二、學情分析:學生目前對形變和彈力有一定的感性認識但是不夠深入;知道支持力、壓力都是彈力,但是不能夠概括產(chǎn)生的原因。理性思維還沒有達到一定的層次,要想理解彈力這一抽象概念還有一定困難。因此我采取引導、啟發(fā)的教學方式。
(二)推進鑄牢中華民族共同體意識理論研究體系建設一是以鑄牢中華民族共同體意識為主線,進一步加強*博物館——*市鑄牢中華民族共同體意識教育實踐基地的建設,將文物背后的民族融合發(fā)展歷程與傳承弘揚中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化有機結(jié)合,將*博物館打造成為集鑄牢中華民族共同體意識宣傳教育、青少年研學交流、旅游打卡的陣地。*年,計劃建設一家*縣鑄牢中華民族共同體意識教育館。二是與*職業(yè)學院積極配合,進一步加強鑄牢中華民族共同體意識研究基地*工作站建設。聚焦鑄牢中華民族共同體意識的理論與實踐研究,挖掘和整理*地區(qū)各民族交往交流交融歷史,努力形成一批理論和實踐成果,為我縣深化民族團結(jié)進步教育、中華民族共同體建設提供智力支持。(三)深入落實、實施“三項計劃”一是落實各族青少年交流計劃方面。協(xié)調(diào)教育、團縣委等部門,擬定*年青少年交流計劃。持續(xù)組織開展各類各族青少年主題交流活動、社會實踐交流活動,各族青少年志愿服務交流活動,積極開展結(jié)對幫扶交流活動。
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時,動詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
⑦在我看來, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
另一方面,其余的人反對這個計劃,因為它可能會導致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進未來。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長期問題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認為我們應該花更多的時間和金錢來探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來,年輕人過度依賴手機是不對的,因為它們可能會對他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學就“人類是否應該進行宇宙探索”這個問題進行了激烈的討論。有人認為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術(shù)用于現(xiàn)實生活;也有一些人認為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報告并發(fā)表自己的觀點。注意:1.寫作內(nèi)容應包括以上全部要點,可適當發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
4.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.[歸納]1.過去將來時的基本構(gòu)成和用法過去將來時由“would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,主要表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作(尤其用于賓語從句中),還可以表示過去的動作習慣或傾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.She said that she wouldn't do that again.2.表示過去將來時的其他表達法(1)was/were going to+動詞原形:該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩個主要用法,一是表示過去的打算,二是表示在過去看來有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事。I thought it was going to rain.(2)was/were to+動詞原形:主要表示過去按計劃或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get married next month.(3)was/were about to+動詞原形:表示在過去看來即將要發(fā)生的動作,由于本身已含有“即將”的意味,所以不再與表示具體的將來時間狀語連用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞:表示在過去看來即將發(fā)生的動作,通??捎糜谠摻Y(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞是come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬間動詞。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
3、重要語句的理解“可是一個人并不是生來要給打敗的,你盡可把它消滅掉,可就是打不敗他?!苯馕觯哼@是老人第一次回合之后的內(nèi)心獨白,也是此小說的核心精神,充分體現(xiàn)了老人桑地亞哥的生命理念。整句話可以分為兩部分來理解,前句告訴我們,人生活在自然與社會當中,必不可少要面臨一些坎坷、磨難,這些磨難、坎坷完全可以造成軀體的消滅、消亡,這是人生命的脆弱性。后句,面對挫折,只要保持一種樂觀的精神,擁有一顆堅強的心靈,那么,人類執(zhí)著奮斗的精神將永不磨滅。4、象征主義題目是《老人與?!?,而表明上,小說是寫一位老人及其在海上的經(jīng)歷,但實際上,老人的形象極具概括性,他已經(jīng)超越了一個人的存在,而成為了人生的一種象征。老人桑地亞哥就是“硬漢子”的代表,大海則是生命旅途的象征,鯊魚則是我們行走中的“強物”,厄運的象征。人的一生不可能一帆風順,不經(jīng)歷風雨,怎能見彩虹,走在人生路途中,不可避免我們都要遇到挫折,被厄運所阻撓,只有經(jīng)歷與“鯊魚”的較量,才能成為強者,唱出最美的歌。
(明確:“寡人之于國也,盡心焉耳矣”,但“寡人之民不加多,何也?”)②他認為自己對國家政務盡心盡力了,他有哪些具體做法?(明確:移民移粟)③第2—4節(jié)中孟子是怎樣說明梁惠王移民移粟的措施與“鄰國之政”并無本質(zhì)區(qū)別的?(明確:孟子不直接回答“民不加多”的問題,而是用梁惠王熟悉的“戰(zhàn)”設喻——設圈套,誘使對方在不知不覺中說出“不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也?!保苊献诱J為怎樣才能做到“王道之始”?要想“王道之成”還需采取哪些措施?(明確:“不違農(nóng)時,谷不可勝食也。數(shù)罟不入氵夸池,魚鱉不可勝食也。斧斤以時入山林,材木不可勝用也。谷與魚鱉不可勝食,材木不可勝用五畝之宅,樹之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣。雞豚狗彘之畜,無失其時,七十者可以食肉矣。百畝之田,勿奪其時,數(shù)口之家,可以無饑矣。謹庫序之教,申之以孝涕之義,頒白者不負戴于道路矣。)這一小步的目的是想讓學生通過這些問題的解答,可以進一步理清思路,掌握文的大概內(nèi)容。
一、人類遺傳病1.概念2.分類(1)單基因遺傳病(2)多基因遺傳病(3)染色體異常遺傳?、僭颌陬愋?遺傳病的特點4.遺傳病對人類的危害八、說布置作業(yè)在作業(yè)的布置中,我嚴格遵循“重質(zhì)量、輕負擔”的指導思想。第一題主要是為了幫助學生及時糾正原有的對知識的錯誤理解或片面認識,培養(yǎng)學生的解題技巧和技能。所以我選用了該題。同時想借助該題培養(yǎng)學生對問題的科學的思維方法和探究的精神。幫助學生提高對信息技術(shù)運用的熟練程度,發(fā)展學生的信息素養(yǎng)。附作業(yè):1、連線題,請同學們連線指出下列遺傳各屬于何種類型?(1)苯丙酮尿病 A、單基因遺傳病(2)21三體綜合征(3)抗維生素D佝僂病 B、多基因遺傳?。?)軟骨發(fā)育不全(5)青少年型糖尿病 C、常染色體病2、以生物小組為單位進行人類遺傳病的調(diào)查。