【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教學(xué)過(guò)程】Step1: 語(yǔ)法自主探究一、基本組成方法1.肯定式陳述部分+否定附加疑問(wèn)部分(前肯后否) You often play badminton, don’t you? 你經(jīng)常打羽毛球,是嗎?You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房,是嗎?She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去過(guò)上海,是嗎?2.否定式陳述部分+肯定附加疑問(wèn)部分(前否后肯) It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美麗的花,是嗎?You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天沒(méi)去滑冰,是嗎?They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他們不能在星期五之前完成,是嗎?
Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWhat event or activity would you like to invite your friend to? Make a conversation with a partner.Ski Race: Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.Track Meet: a great event for track –and –field lovers on 26 October.Gym Class: come and work out at a gym! You can make it.Part 2: Listening and Talking:The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls , what do you think of sportsmanship? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and match each opinion with the right speaker. Who do you agree with? Why?Cao Jing _____________ Lily _____________ Max _____________A. An athlete should do his/her best to win.B. The girl should stop and help the other girl. Good sportsmanship is more important than wining!C. An athlete should think about honor and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.Listen again and circle the expressions that you hear in the conversation.
二、說(shuō)學(xué)情本課的教學(xué)對(duì)象為高二學(xué)生,他們思維活躍已具備一定歸納能力和分析、綜合能力,能夠自主地分析現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的一些文化行為,但看問(wèn)題往往比較偏激、片面,缺乏良好的邏輯思維能力。所以,在文化創(chuàng)新的途徑上要對(duì)他們進(jìn)行指導(dǎo),以免走入誤區(qū)。三、教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、教材特點(diǎn)、學(xué)生的實(shí)際,我確定了如下教學(xué)目標(biāo):【知識(shí)與能力目標(biāo)】1.理解文化創(chuàng)新的根本途徑和兩個(gè)基本途徑;2.了解文化創(chuàng)新過(guò)程中需要堅(jiān)持正確方向,克服錯(cuò)誤傾向。
<Good morning> T:Look!今天我們班來(lái)了很多老師,我們一起跟老師打招呼吧! S:Goodmorning Miss! T:Follow mecry stop ! Follow me laugh stop ! Follow me eat stop ! Follow me stand up ! Follow me sit down !幼兒跟老師做 T:Children,look ,what’s this ? S:A T:Yes! Verygood!Follow me A A ae ae ae S:A A ae aeae T:Apple S:Apple T: A A ae aeae ant S: A A ae aeae ant T: A A ae aeae cat S: A A ae aeae cat T: A A ae aeae hat S: A A ae aeae hat
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
(三)作家介紹,寫(xiě)作背景大家說(shuō)“雨巷”這首詩(shī)寫(xiě)得美不美?(美)剛才我也說(shuō)了,這首詩(shī)是中國(guó)朦朧詩(shī)的百年經(jīng)典。那么對(duì)于這么出名的詩(shī),有誰(shuí)能夠向我們介紹一下它的作者跟寫(xiě)作背景呢?(明確:戴望舒,原名戴朝實(shí)又名戴夢(mèng)鷗,1905年出生于杭州。1929年4月出版第一本詩(shī)集《我底記憶》,他的成名作《雨巷》即收入此集中。1933年8月出版了《望舒草》1948年出版了《災(zāi)難歲月》一生留下了詩(shī)篇92首?!队晗铩肥谴魍娴某擅骱颓捌诘拇碜?他曾因此而贏得了“雨巷詩(shī)人”的雅號(hào)。這首詩(shī)寫(xiě)于1927年夏天。當(dāng)時(shí)全國(guó)處于白色恐怖之匯總,戴望舒因曾參加進(jìn)步活動(dòng)而不得不避居于松江的友人家中,在孤寂中咀嚼著大革命失敗后的幻滅與痛苦,心匯總充滿了迷惘的情緒和朦朧的希望。)(適當(dāng)板書(shū))
教師在教學(xué)古詩(shī)時(shí),只有指導(dǎo)學(xué)生反復(fù)朗讀,才能讓學(xué)生直接體會(huì)到古詩(shī)所具有的音樂(lè)美,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)古詩(shī)的美學(xué)感染力,進(jìn)一步激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)古詩(shī)詞的熱情。除此,在《荷塘月色》、《春》等優(yōu)美的寫(xiě)景抒情散文中,朱自清運(yùn)用了不少的疊詞,朗讀它們,猶如一個(gè)個(gè)跳動(dòng)的音符貫穿于文章中,有效地增強(qiáng)了文章的節(jié)奏感。通過(guò)朗讀,學(xué)生能夠更好地領(lǐng)悟到朱自清散文所具有的音樂(lè)美。4、朗讀能夠增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)文章含蓄美和形象美的感染能力:含蓄,是指用少量的、具體的、可感觸的藝術(shù)形象,來(lái)表現(xiàn)豐富的生活內(nèi)容和思想感情,把詩(shī)意藏在富于概括性和內(nèi)涵豐富的形象中,以瞬間表現(xiàn)永恒,以有限傳達(dá)無(wú)限,以少勝多,給人以推理和想象的廣闊大地?!白x書(shū)百遍,其義自見(jiàn)”,“熟讀唐詩(shī)三百首,不會(huì)作詩(shī)也會(huì)吟”,“觀書(shū)須熟讀,使其言皆者出于吾云之口;繼以精思,使其意皆出于吾之心。”這些話語(yǔ)道出了反復(fù)朗讀對(duì)于理解文章含義所起的重要作用。教師在課堂教學(xué)過(guò)程中,特別是地教學(xué)詩(shī)歌時(shí),只有指導(dǎo)學(xué)生反復(fù)地朗讀,才能讓學(xué)生將文章中雋永的意境,深厚的蘊(yùn)涵更好地品味出來(lái),從而更好地欣賞到文章的含蓄美。
【點(diǎn)津】 1.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語(yǔ) ,當(dāng)不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)有自己的執(zhí)行者時(shí),要用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?即在不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)之前加 for +名詞或賓格代詞?作狀語(yǔ)。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他開(kāi)門(mén)讓孩子們進(jìn)來(lái)。目的狀語(yǔ)從句與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換 英語(yǔ)中的目的狀語(yǔ)從句,還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),從而使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上得以簡(jiǎn)化。可分為兩種情況: 1?當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),可以直接簡(jiǎn)化為不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)不相同時(shí),要用動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
【參考】“滄海月明珠有淚,藍(lán)田日暖玉生煙?!睖婧V械恼渲橹挥性诿髟轮?,才能流下晶瑩的淚花;藍(lán)田下的美玉只有在日暖之時(shí),才能升騰飄逸的煙霞。物猶如此,人當(dāng)如是?!皽婧T旅鳌迸c“藍(lán)田日暖”優(yōu)美意境的創(chuàng)設(shè),不僅僅是詩(shī)人精妙絕倫藝術(shù)素養(yǎng)的表現(xiàn)和揮灑,更是詩(shī)人回答人生價(jià)值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和尺度。詩(shī)人以物推人,拓展深化了詩(shī)作的主題,整篇的閃光點(diǎn)在此,魂亦在此?!緟⒖肌俊按饲榭纱勺窇洠皇钱?dāng)時(shí)已惘然。”追憶過(guò)去,盡管自己以一顆浸滿血淚的真誠(chéng)之心,付出巨大的努力,去追求美好的人生理想,可“五十弦”如玉的歲月、如珠的年華,值得珍惜之時(shí)卻等閑而過(guò);面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí):戀人生離、愛(ài)妻死別、盛年已逝、抱負(fù)難展、功業(yè)未建……,幡醒悟之日已風(fēng)光不再。如泣如訴的悲劇式結(jié)問(wèn),又讓詩(shī)人重新回到對(duì)“人生價(jià)值到底是什么?到底該怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)?”深深的思考和迷惑之中,大大增強(qiáng)了詩(shī)作的震撼力。
【教學(xué)過(guò)程】一、介紹作者沈從文先生(1902~1988),現(xiàn)代作家、歷史文物研究學(xué)者。原名沈岳煥,筆名小兵、懋琳、休蕓蕓等。湖南鳳凰(今屬湘西土家族苗族自治州)人。1926年出版第一本創(chuàng)作集《鴨子》,有7O余種作品集,被人稱為多產(chǎn)作家。主要代表作有:短篇小說(shuō)《丈夫》、《貴生》、《三三》,長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《邊城》、《長(zhǎng)河》,以反映湘西下層人民生活的作品最具特色。他的創(chuàng)作表現(xiàn)手法不拘一格,文體不拘常例,故事不拘常格,嘗試各種體式和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作,成為現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上不可多得的“文體作家”。在文學(xué)態(tài)度上,沈從文先生一直堅(jiān)持自由主義立場(chǎng),堅(jiān)持文學(xué)要超越政治和商業(yè)的影響。1948年沈從文先生受到了左翼文化界猛烈批判,郭沫若斥責(zé)沈從文先生:“一直是有意識(shí)的作為反動(dòng)派而活動(dòng)著”。下半生從事文物、工藝美術(shù)圖案及物質(zhì)文化史的研究工作。1978年調(diào)中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院歷史研究所任研究員,致力于中國(guó)古代服飾及其他史學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究。于1980年應(yīng)邀赴美國(guó)講學(xué),并進(jìn)入諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的終審名單。
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容及步驟】第一課時(shí)一、簡(jiǎn)介并導(dǎo)入:這篇小說(shuō)是發(fā)表于《青年文學(xué)》1982年第五期,并獲得1982年全國(guó)最佳短篇小說(shuō)獎(jiǎng)的小說(shuō)。作者鐵凝,1957年生,河北趙縣人,現(xiàn)任中國(guó)作家協(xié)會(huì)理事,發(fā)表中短篇小說(shuō)60余篇,出版有短篇小說(shuō)集《夜路》,中短篇小說(shuō)集《沒(méi)有紐扣的紅襯衫》《鐵凝小說(shuō)集》。她以一個(gè)女作家的敏銳、細(xì)膩的藝術(shù)感受力,真摯美好的情致,對(duì)生活素材獨(dú)到的發(fā)掘和精巧提取,語(yǔ)言清朗睿智,作品蘊(yùn)涵深摯,質(zhì)樸優(yōu)美。這篇小說(shuō)寫(xiě)的是一群以香雪為代表的山村少女對(duì)開(kāi)進(jìn)深山的火車(chē)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的喜怒哀樂(lè),以此折射出受現(xiàn)代文明沖擊的農(nóng)村蹣跚前進(jìn)的身影。小說(shuō)借臺(tái)兒溝的一角,寫(xiě)出了改革開(kāi)放后中國(guó)從歷史的陰影下走出,擺脫封閉、愚昧和落后,走向開(kāi)放、文明與進(jìn)步的痛苦與喜悅,構(gòu)思巧妙,表述獨(dú)特,語(yǔ)言精美。小說(shuō)主要通過(guò)哪幾個(gè)故事情節(jié)表現(xiàn)的呢?
(幻燈六)巴金作品《家》描寫(xiě)的是“五四”之后,成都地區(qū)一個(gè)封建大家庭走向崩潰的故事。故事集中在1920年冬到1921年秋的八九個(gè)月時(shí)間里。成都的一個(gè)官僚地主家庭高公館,一家之主的高老太爺,封建專制,頑固不化。長(zhǎng)房長(zhǎng)孫覺(jué)新,為人厚道,卻很軟弱,原與梅表姐相愛(ài),后屈從于老太爺之命而與李瑞玨結(jié)婚。后來(lái)梅和瑞玨雙雙慘死。覺(jué)新的胞弟覺(jué)民、覺(jué)慧積極參加愛(ài)國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng),從而和馮公館的馮樂(lè)山成了死對(duì)頭。覺(jué)民愛(ài)上琴,馮樂(lè)山卻要他娶自己的侄孫女,在覺(jué)民覺(jué)慧的反抗下,他們終于取得勝利。覺(jué)慧愛(ài)上聰明伶俐的婢女鳴鳳,但馮樂(lè)山卻指名要娶鳴鳳為妾,鳴鳳堅(jiān)決不從,投湖自盡…至此,覺(jué)新有所覺(jué)醒,而覺(jué)慧則毅然脫離家庭,投身革命。(故事主要以高家三兄弟的愛(ài)情遭際為線索。)
2、黛玉進(jìn)入賈府到賈母處,她看到了什么?提示:從榮府西角門(mén)進(jìn)去,走“一射之地”,轉(zhuǎn)至垂花門(mén),過(guò)穿堂,繞插屏,再經(jīng)三間過(guò)廳,后面方是賈母居住的正房大院?!罢嫖彘g上房,皆雕梁畫(huà)棟,兩邊穿山游廊廂房,掛著各色鸚鵡、畫(huà)眉等鳥(niǎo)雀?!边@樣穿堂過(guò)廳一路行來(lái),仆役、婆子、丫環(huán)輪番更換,的確給人以侯門(mén)深似海的感覺(jué)。然而賈母居處還不是正內(nèi)室。3、黛玉去拜見(jiàn)二舅舅時(shí)又看到什么?提示:往東?!按┻^(guò)一個(gè)東西的穿堂,向南大廳之后,儀門(mén)內(nèi)大院落,上面五間大正房,兩邊廂房鹿頂耳房鉆山,四通八達(dá),軒昂壯麗”。堂屋中迎面“一個(gè)赤金九龍青地大匾,匾上寫(xiě)著斗大的三個(gè)大字,是‘榮禧堂’,后有一行小字:‘某年月日,書(shū)賜榮國(guó)公賈源’,又有‘萬(wàn)幾宸翰之寶’?!蔽輧?nèi)擺設(shè)有名貴的家具,珍貴的字畫(huà)、古玩?!坝钟幸桓睂?duì)聯(lián),乃烏木聯(lián)牌,鑲著鏨銀的字跡,道是:座上珠譏昭日月,堂前黼黻煥煙霞?!庇商梦葸M(jìn)入東耳房,這里是起居室,另有一番布置,再到東廊三間小正房王夫人的住室,又別有擺設(shè)。
⒈作者是如何寫(xiě)洪州的地理風(fēng)貌的?突出了什么特點(diǎn)?明確:“豫章故郡,洪都新府。”――歷史久遠(yuǎn)“星分翼軫,地接衡廬”――界域遼闊。“襟三江而帶五湖,控蠻荊而引甌越”――地勢(shì)宏偉2.作者怎樣寫(xiě)參加宴會(huì)的人物,照應(yīng)了前文的哪個(gè)詞語(yǔ)?明確:作者在寫(xiě)參加宴席人物時(shí),用了“雅望”“懿范”“勝友”“高朋”“騰蛟起鳳”“紫電清霜”等詞語(yǔ),極盡人物的文韜武略,照應(yīng)了前文的“俊采”一詞。3.文章開(kāi)始不寫(xiě)樓臺(tái),不寫(xiě)宴會(huì),而先寫(xiě)地勢(shì)與人物,這樣寫(xiě)有何好處?明確:文章借用鋪陳的手法,歷敘界域之大,地勢(shì)之雄,物產(chǎn)豐富,人才俊美,既渲染了和樂(lè)的氛圍、宴會(huì)的高雅,同時(shí)也緊扣照應(yīng)了題目《秋日登洪府滕王閣餞別序》7.小結(jié):本段略寫(xiě)洪州的地理風(fēng)貌,極寫(xiě)滕王閣的無(wú)限壯美,和周?chē)h(huán)境的超凡脫俗,以及閣中如云高朋的文才武略。這樣寫(xiě),既初步寫(xiě)出了滕王閣的不同凡響,又為后文詳寫(xiě)做好了鋪墊。
一、明確目標(biāo)1.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生熟讀課文,理清文章的論述線索,抓住作者的主要觀點(diǎn);2.通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí),了解有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)文化的一些知識(shí);3.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生悉心體會(huì)作者對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)源頭的溯訪,感受其令人信服的推理能力和獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)言魅力;二、整體感知1.導(dǎo)入新課"屈指可數(shù)""彈指一揮見(jiàn)",手指在生活中的計(jì)數(shù)功能,直接催生了數(shù)學(xué)這門(mén)科學(xué),丹齊克的《指印》為我們揭開(kāi)了這二者的關(guān)系(板書(shū)課題)。2.作者及相關(guān)背景介紹丹齊克(1884-1956),原籍立陶宛,曾在巴黎大學(xué)求學(xué)。1910年去美國(guó),入美國(guó)國(guó)籍,先后在哥倫比亞大學(xué)、約翰·霍普金斯大學(xué)、馬里蘭大學(xué)講授數(shù)學(xué)。三、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí)與目標(biāo)達(dá)成過(guò)程1.感知課文,明確本文的整體寫(xiě)作思路。(1)學(xué)生讀課文,整理文章的結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)。(2)小組交流討論。
從《詩(shī)經(jīng)》的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義到屈原的浪漫主義,是中國(guó)詩(shī)歌發(fā)展的一個(gè)里程碑。屈原的騷體詩(shī),依詩(shī)取興,引類譬喻,繼承發(fā)展了《詩(shī)經(jīng)》的比興傳統(tǒng)?!对?shī)經(jīng)》的比興較為單純,而《楚辭》的比興具有象征的特質(zhì),往往成為一個(gè)形象的系統(tǒng)?!峨x騷》中香草美人的比興就是范例。楚地本是澤鄉(xiāng)山國(guó),其間頗有疊波曠宇、崇山秀嶺,這些江山的光怪之氣足以搖蕩心靈、催發(fā)麗辭偉句。但騷體詩(shī)已沖破《詩(shī)經(jīng)》四言詩(shī)的固定格式,句式加長(zhǎng)而靈活,篇章放大而嚴(yán)密,詩(shī)采絢麗而貼切,是《詩(shī)經(jīng)》之后的一次詩(shī)體大解放。有人說(shuō),中國(guó)歷代詩(shī)“莫不同祖風(fēng)騷”,足見(jiàn)其對(duì)后代詩(shī)歌的影響。先秦時(shí)代,《詩(shī)經(jīng)》與《楚辭》雙峰并峙,是中國(guó)詩(shī)史上現(xiàn)實(shí)主義與浪漫主義的兩座巍然屹立的坐標(biāo)。
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】Ⅰ、學(xué)習(xí)理解詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言的暗示性特質(zhì)。Ⅱ、根據(jù)詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言的特質(zhì),進(jìn)行遷移,領(lǐng)略詩(shī)歌的精妙之處,給同學(xué)如何鑒賞詩(shī)歌提供實(shí)感。㈠、導(dǎo)入:各位同學(xué),有個(gè)成語(yǔ)叫"一字千金"。對(duì)我而言,第一次領(lǐng)略到一個(gè)字的分量,是在小學(xué)三年級(jí)的時(shí)候,一次作文評(píng)析課上。當(dāng)時(shí)我對(duì)自己的文章充滿了期待,希望能得到老師的贊賞。記得老師進(jìn)來(lái)后的第一句話是"有一篇文章,我就沖它用了一個(gè)字,我給它打95分。打這樣的高分,對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),是極為難得的。"同學(xué)都充滿了好奇,老師接著說(shuō)"這個(gè)字就是一個(gè)'悟'字。我們的同學(xué)都說(shuō)我學(xué)到了,我明白了,我懂得了一個(gè)道理,而這位同學(xué)卻用了一個(gè)'悟'字,難能可貴。"這篇文章不是我的,在羨慕的同時(shí),一個(gè)字在文章中的分量就深深的刻在了我的心上。文學(xué)作品中,一個(gè)字精妙與否,足以決定作品是流光溢彩,還是黯然失色。尤其是我們的古典詩(shī)詞,用簡(jiǎn)短的幾個(gè)字,造就的卻是豐富的情感與博大的意境。讀后滿口余香,卻是妙處難與君說(shuō)。這跟詩(shī)歌的語(yǔ)言是密不可分的。今天,我們就通過(guò)《說(shuō)"木葉"》一文,對(duì)中國(guó)古典詩(shī)詞語(yǔ)言特質(zhì)作一番探幽。