二、典例解析例3.某公司購置了一臺(tái)價(jià)值為220萬元的設(shè)備,隨著設(shè)備在使用過程中老化,其價(jià)值會(huì)逐年減少.經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,每經(jīng)過一年其價(jià)值會(huì)減少d(d為正常數(shù))萬元.已知這臺(tái)設(shè)備的使用年限為10年,超過10年 ,它的價(jià)值將低于購進(jìn)價(jià)值的5%,設(shè)備將報(bào)廢.請確定d的范圍.分析:該設(shè)備使用n年后的價(jià)值構(gòu)成數(shù)列{an},由題意可知,an=an-1-d (n≥2). 即:an-an-1=-d.所以{an}為公差為-d的等差數(shù)列.10年之內(nèi)(含10年),該設(shè)備的價(jià)值不小于(220×5%=)11萬元;10年后,該設(shè)備的價(jià)值需小于11萬元.利用{an}的通項(xiàng)公式列不等式求解.解:設(shè)使用n年后,這臺(tái)設(shè)備的價(jià)值為an萬元,則可得數(shù)列{an}.由已知條件,得an=an-1-d(n≥2).所以數(shù)列{an}是一個(gè)公差為-d的等差數(shù)列.因?yàn)閍1=220-d,所以an=220-d+(n-1)(-d)=220-nd. 由題意,得a10≥11,a11<11. 即:{█("220-10d≥11" @"220-11d<11" )┤解得19<d≤20.9所以,d的求值范圍為19<d≤20.9
二、典例解析例10. 如圖,正方形ABCD 的邊長為5cm ,取正方形ABCD 各邊的中點(diǎn)E,F,G,H, 作第2個(gè)正方形 EFGH,然后再取正方形EFGH各邊的中點(diǎn)I,J,K,L,作第3個(gè)正方形IJKL ,依此方法一直繼續(xù)下去. (1) 求從正方形ABCD 開始,連續(xù)10個(gè)正方形的面積之和;(2) 如果這個(gè)作圖過程可以一直繼續(xù)下去,那么所有這些正方形的面積之和將趨近于多少?分析:可以利用數(shù)列表示各正方形的面積,根據(jù)條件可知,這是一個(gè)等比數(shù)列。解:設(shè)正方形的面積為a_1,后續(xù)各正方形的面積依次為a_2, a_(3, ) 〖…,a〗_n,…,則a_1=25,由于第k+1個(gè)正方形的頂點(diǎn)分別是第k個(gè)正方形各邊的中點(diǎn),所以a_(k+1)=〖1/2 a〗_k,因此{(lán)a_n},是以25為首項(xiàng),1/2為公比的等比數(shù)列.設(shè){a_n}的前項(xiàng)和為S_n(1)S_10=(25×[1-(1/2)^10 ] )/("1 " -1/2)=50×[1-(1/2)^10 ]=25575/512所以,前10個(gè)正方形的面積之和為25575/512cm^2.(2)當(dāng)無限增大時(shí),無限趨近于所有正方形的面積和
課前小測1.思考辨析(1)若Sn為等差數(shù)列{an}的前n項(xiàng)和,則數(shù)列Snn也是等差數(shù)列.( )(2)若a1>0,d<0,則等差數(shù)列中所有正項(xiàng)之和最大.( )(3)在等差數(shù)列中,Sn是其前n項(xiàng)和,則有S2n-1=(2n-1)an.( )[答案] (1)√ (2)√ (3)√2.在項(xiàng)數(shù)為2n+1的等差數(shù)列中,所有奇數(shù)項(xiàng)的和為165,所有偶數(shù)項(xiàng)的和為150,則n等于( )A.9 B.10 C.11 D.12B [∵S奇S偶=n+1n,∴165150=n+1n.∴n=10.故選B項(xiàng).]3.等差數(shù)列{an}中,S2=4,S4=9,則S6=________.15 [由S2,S4-S2,S6-S4成等差數(shù)列得2(S4-S2)=S2+(S6-S4)解得S6=15.]4.已知數(shù)列{an}的通項(xiàng)公式是an=2n-48,則Sn取得最小值時(shí),n為________.23或24 [由an≤0即2n-48≤0得n≤24.∴所有負(fù)項(xiàng)的和最小,即n=23或24.]二、典例解析例8.某校新建一個(gè)報(bào)告廳,要求容納800個(gè)座位,報(bào)告廳共有20排座位,從第2排起后一排都比前一排多兩個(gè)座位. 問第1排應(yīng)安排多少個(gè)座位?分析:將第1排到第20排的座位數(shù)依次排成一列,構(gòu)成數(shù)列{an} ,設(shè)數(shù)列{an} 的前n項(xiàng)和為S_n。
一、教材分析 《真正的哲學(xué)都是自己時(shí)代精神上的精華》是人教版高中政治必修四第3章第1框的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,主要學(xué)習(xí)哲學(xué)與時(shí)代的關(guān)系。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識目標(biāo):識記哲學(xué)是時(shí)代的精神上的精華;理解哲學(xué)與時(shí)代的關(guān)系。2.能力目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用哲學(xué)理論觀察、分析、處理社會(huì)問題的能力,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的時(shí)代感。3.情感、態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的思想品質(zhì),讓學(xué)生關(guān)注時(shí)代、關(guān)注現(xiàn)實(shí)、關(guān)注生活,逐步樹立科學(xué)的世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀 。三、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)哲學(xué)與時(shí)代的關(guān)系。四、學(xué)情分析本框題的內(nèi)容比較抽象,不易理解,所以講解時(shí)需要詳細(xì)。教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生借助歷史知識進(jìn)行理解。五、教學(xué)方法1.教師啟發(fā)、引導(dǎo),學(xué)生自主閱讀、思考,討論、交流學(xué)習(xí)成果。2.學(xué)案導(dǎo)學(xué):見后面的學(xué)案。3.新授課教學(xué)基本環(huán)節(jié):預(yù)習(xí)檢查、總結(jié)疑惑→情境導(dǎo)入、展示目標(biāo)→合作探究、精講點(diǎn)撥→反思總結(jié)、當(dāng)堂檢測→發(fā)導(dǎo)學(xué)案、布置預(yù)習(xí)
一、教材分析普通高中思想政治課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及浙江省普通高中新課程實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)科教學(xué)指導(dǎo)意見對本課時(shí)內(nèi)容做了如下規(guī)定:基本要求:知道我國是統(tǒng)一的多民族國家;理解我國處理民族關(guān)系的三項(xiàng)基本原則及其相互關(guān)系;懂得處理民族關(guān)系的重要性,自覺履行維護(hù)國家統(tǒng)一和民族團(tuán)結(jié)的義務(wù)。發(fā)展要求:聯(lián)系國內(nèi)外的具體事例,加深理解我國處理民族關(guān)系的基本原則的重要性。本框題有如下內(nèi)容不作拓展:我們偉大的祖國是各族人民共同締造的;我國新型民族關(guān)系的形成;實(shí)施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略對加快民族自治地方的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的意義;我國能夠真正建立新型民族的原因。《處理民族關(guān)系的原則:平等、團(tuán)結(jié)、共同繁榮》是高一《政治生活》第三單元第七課內(nèi)容,本課內(nèi)容由三目構(gòu)成,第一目:雪域高原的歷史性跨越,第二目:我國處理民族關(guān)系的基本原則,第三目:鞏固社會(huì)主義民族關(guān)系,我們該做什么,能做什么。
從國際法角度看,國際社會(huì)的每一個(gè)主權(quán)國家應(yīng)該是一律平等的,但是,在現(xiàn)實(shí)的國際關(guān)系中,每個(gè)國家的國際地位、國際影響力,歷來都是由國家力量決定的。國家力量發(fā)生變化,也會(huì)引起國際關(guān)系的變化。經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技落后,軍力不強(qiáng),國內(nèi)政局不安,它的國際影響力、參與力就不強(qiáng)。正因?yàn)槿绱耍承┌l(fā)達(dá)國家往往以其強(qiáng)大的國家力量為后盾,推行霸權(quán)主義、強(qiáng)權(quán)政治。二、維護(hù)我國的國家利益教師活動(dòng):閱讀教材第100頁內(nèi)容,思考討論為什么要維護(hù)我國的國家利益?我國的國家利益包括哪些內(nèi)容?學(xué)生活動(dòng):認(rèn)真思考并積極討論,踴躍發(fā)言1、原因我國是人民當(dāng)家作主的社會(huì)主義國家,國家利益與人民的根本利益相一致。維護(hù)我國的國家利益就是維護(hù)廣大人民的根本利益,具有正當(dāng)性和正義性。2、內(nèi)容我國國家利益的主要內(nèi)容包括:安全利益,如國家的統(tǒng)一、獨(dú)立、主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整;政治利益,如我國政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等制度的鞏固;經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,如我國資源利用的效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的利益和國家物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)的增強(qiáng)等。
學(xué)生已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了指數(shù)運(yùn)算性質(zhì),有了這些知識作儲(chǔ)備,教科書通過利用指數(shù)運(yùn)算性質(zhì),推導(dǎo)對數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì),再學(xué)習(xí)利用對數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)化簡求值。課程目標(biāo)1、通過具體實(shí)例引入,推導(dǎo)對數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì);2、熟練掌握對數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì),學(xué)會(huì)化簡,計(jì)算.數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:對數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì);2.邏輯推理:換底公式的推導(dǎo);3.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:對數(shù)運(yùn)算性質(zhì)的應(yīng)用;4.數(shù)學(xué)建模:在熟悉的實(shí)際情景中,模仿學(xué)過的數(shù)學(xué)建模過程解決問題.重點(diǎn):對數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì),換底公式,對數(shù)恒等式及其應(yīng)用;難點(diǎn):正確使用對數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)和換底公式.教學(xué)方法:以學(xué)生為主體,采用誘思探究式教學(xué),精講多練。教學(xué)工具:多媒體。一、 情景導(dǎo)入回顧指數(shù)性質(zhì):(1)aras=ar+s(a>0,r,s∈Q).(2)(ar)s= (a>0,r,s∈Q).(3)(ab)r= (a>0,b>0,r∈Q).那么對數(shù)有哪些性質(zhì)?如 要求:讓學(xué)生自由發(fā)言,教師不做判斷。而是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步觀察.研探.
對數(shù)與指數(shù)是相通的,本節(jié)在已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)指數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上通過實(shí)例總結(jié)歸納對數(shù)的概念,通過對數(shù)的性質(zhì)和恒等式解決一些與對數(shù)有關(guān)的問題.課程目標(biāo)1、理解對數(shù)的概念以及對數(shù)的基本性質(zhì);2、掌握對數(shù)式與指數(shù)式的相互轉(zhuǎn)化;數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:對數(shù)的概念;2.邏輯推理:推導(dǎo)對數(shù)性質(zhì);3.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:用對數(shù)的基本性質(zhì)與對數(shù)恒等式求值;4.數(shù)學(xué)建模:通過與指數(shù)式的比較,引出對數(shù)定義與性質(zhì).重點(diǎn):對數(shù)式與指數(shù)式的互化以及對數(shù)性質(zhì);難點(diǎn):推導(dǎo)對數(shù)性質(zhì).教學(xué)方法:以學(xué)生為主體,采用誘思探究式教學(xué),精講多練。教學(xué)工具:多媒體。一、 情景導(dǎo)入已知中國的人口數(shù)y和年頭x滿足關(guān)系 中,若知年頭數(shù)則能算出相應(yīng)的人口總數(shù)。反之,如果問“哪一年的人口數(shù)可達(dá)到18億,20億,30億......”,該如何解決?要求:讓學(xué)生自由發(fā)言,教師不做判斷。而是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步觀察.研探.
函數(shù)在高中數(shù)學(xué)中占有很重要的比重,因而作為函數(shù)的第一節(jié)內(nèi)容,主要從三個(gè)實(shí)例出發(fā),引出函數(shù)的概念.從而就函數(shù)概念的分析判斷函數(shù),求定義域和函數(shù)值,再結(jié)合三要素判斷函數(shù)相等.課程目標(biāo)1.理解函數(shù)的定義、函數(shù)的定義域、值域及對應(yīng)法則。2.掌握判定函數(shù)和函數(shù)相等的方法。3.學(xué)會(huì)求函數(shù)的定義域與函數(shù)值。數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:通過教材中四個(gè)實(shí)例總結(jié)函數(shù)定義;2.邏輯推理:相等函數(shù)的判斷;3.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:求函數(shù)定義域和求函數(shù)值;4.數(shù)據(jù)分析:運(yùn)用分離常數(shù)法和換元法求值域;5.數(shù)學(xué)建模:通過從實(shí)際問題中抽象概括出函數(shù)概念的活動(dòng),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生從“特殊到一般”的分析問題的能力,提高學(xué)生的抽象概括能力。重點(diǎn):函數(shù)的概念,函數(shù)的三要素。難點(diǎn):函數(shù)概念及符號y=f(x)的理解。
例7 用描述法表示拋物線y=x2+1上的點(diǎn)構(gòu)成的集合.【答案】見解析 【解析】 拋物線y=x2+1上的點(diǎn)構(gòu)成的集合可表示為:{(x,y)|y=x2+1}.變式1.[變條件,變設(shè)問]本題中點(diǎn)的集合若改為“{x|y=x2+1}”,則集合中的元素是什么?【答案】見解析 【解析】集合{x|y=x2+1}的代表元素是x,且x∈R,所以{x|y=x2+1}中的元素是全體實(shí)數(shù).變式2.[變條件,變設(shè)問]本題中點(diǎn)的集合若改為“{y|y=x2+1}”,則集合中的元素是什么?【答案】見解析 【解析】集合{ y| y=x2+1}的代表元素是y,滿足條件y=x2+1的y的取值范圍是y≥1,所以{ y| y=x2+1}={ y| y≥1},所以集合中的元素是大于等于1的全體實(shí)數(shù).解題技巧(認(rèn)識集合含義的2個(gè)步驟)一看代表元素,是數(shù)集還是點(diǎn)集,二看元素滿足什么條件即有什么公共特性。
Step 2 Listening and Talking1. The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls, do you know some structures to talk about future activities? Talking about future activitiesWe’ll …I plan to …There’ll be …I hope to …We’re going to …2. After their small talk, the teacher can move on by playing the listening and solve the following task.Underline the expressions in the sentences below Cao Jing and Max use to talk about the future.We’ll learn useful skills.I plan to improve my spoken English.There’ll be students from different schools.I hope to make new friends.We’ll talk about teenage life.I’ll learn to make a fire.There’ll be students from different countries at the camp.There’ll be some experts there to show us how to live in the wild.We’re going to learn about wildlife.I’m going to give a speech.I think I’m going to enjoy the activities.I think we’ll have a lot of fun.3. Work in groups. Plan a youth camp.Teacher make the Ss think of ideas for the camp. And they can use the questions below to get started. And have the Ss present their ideas for a youth camp to the class.●What kind of camp is it?●Who will be there?●What will they do?●What will they learn?
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Instruct students to get main facts by listening and motivate them to talk about the topics about how to prepare for the trip and make reservations by listening and ultimately can make travel arrangements and reservations. 2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 3. Develop students’ different listening skills to solve different listening comprehensive problems.4. Help students to understand how to use the structures “the present continuous tense (be doing) is used to express future plans.【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】1. Teach students how to focus on key words, not on single words or grammar.2. Prompt Ss to talk about the related topics, such as how to prepare for the trip and make a travel plan.【教學(xué)過程】Step 1: Listening and SpeakingLead inThe teacher is advised to talk with their students about the places that they want to travel most both at home and abroad: boys and girls, if you have a chance to travel around the world, where will you go? After their small talk, the teacher can move on by finishing the following listening task:Before travelling, what do we need to prepare for the trip?
氣候變化對健康的影響 氣候變化對人體健康的不良影響是不難發(fā)現(xiàn)的:熱浪沖擊頻繁加重可致死亡率及某些疾病、特別是心臟呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病率增加;對氣候變化敏感的傳染性疾病如瘧疾和登革熱的傳播范圍可能增加。極端氣候事件, 如干旱、水災(zāi)、暴風(fēng)雨等, 使死亡率、傷殘率及傳染病疾病率上升, 并增加社會(huì)心理壓力。某些媒介疾病的加重也可能與氣候變化有間接的關(guān)系, 如瘧疾是通過蚊子傳播的疾病,氣候變化可能使某些變暖地區(qū)的蚊子數(shù)目增加, 從而加重了瘧疾的發(fā)生。我國1994年瘧疾的發(fā)病率為5.3408/10萬, 居全國法定傳染病的第六位。血吸蟲病的發(fā)展與高溫及灌溉系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)增有關(guān)。我國1994年南方12省市血吸蟲病患者的檢出率高達(dá)3.67%,不能忽視氣候變化對此的可能影響。還有一些疾病,如睡眠病、登革熱、黑熱病等也有與氣候關(guān)系的報(bào)道。另外, CO2、一些空氣污染物如氮氧化物、臭氧等可增加過敏疾患及心臟呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和死亡。
“千載琵琶作胡語,分明怨恨曲中論?!薄霸购蕖眱勺贮c(diǎn)明全篇主旨。千百年來,琵琶所演奏的總是從匈奴傳來的撩人愁思的胡樂,正是昭君在訴說著她的怨恨!這兩句從側(cè)面烘托昭君的形象,既有對她的贊揚(yáng),又有對她的同情。讀到這里,我們的耳邊好像又響起了那深沉、幽怨的琵琶聲!5、這首詩寫的是昭君的怨恨,但首聯(lián)一開始并沒有寫她的怨恨,寫的是什么?這樣寫的目的又是什么?明確:群山萬壑赴荊門山是群山起伏,連綿不絕;水是萬壑爭流,奔騰不息,直赴荊門山。其中的“赴”字用了擬人的手法,把迤邐不絕的千山萬壑陡然間寫活了,既有飛動(dòng)之勢,又有變幻之姿。從側(cè)面烘托昭君的形象。兩千多年前,一個(gè)青年女子遠(yuǎn)離父母之邦,嫁到異域,并在那里度過一生,確實(shí)需要巨大的勇氣和毅力,而這雄偉的山川簡直就是她那堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的性格的象征。6、佳句鑒賞(這首詩歌當(dāng)中,我認(rèn)為有兩句詩寫得非常美,我自己很喜歡,不知道有沒有同道中人?)
1. 表示時(shí)間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí), 如所提供的動(dòng)詞不能和句子中的主語保持一致, 動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語, 通常由名詞或代詞來擔(dān)任, 這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.