Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
⑦在我看來, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
另一方面,其余的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)導(dǎo)致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅(jiān)信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進(jìn)未來。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長(zhǎng)期問題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間和金錢來探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來,年輕人過度依賴手機(jī)是不對(duì)的,因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)對(duì)他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學(xué)就“人類是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行宇宙探索”這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。有人認(rèn)為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術(shù)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活;也有一些人認(rèn)為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報(bào)告并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。注意:1.寫作內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以上全部要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;
Major in:Chinese, mathematics,foreign languages, history, ideology and politics, geography, chemistry,physics, biologyEnglishmajor, undergraduate, majoring in: English intensive reading, English extensivereading, English listening, English grammar, oral English, English writingEducationmajor, graduate student, major in: introduction to education, generalpsychology, developmental psychology, educational psychology
8、板書裝在套子里的人別里科夫的形象——有形的套子套己——無形的套子套人第二課時(shí)合作探究:目標(biāo)挖掘主題及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。問題設(shè)置,銜接上節(jié)課內(nèi)容,層層深入。1、結(jié)合上節(jié)課別里科夫的形象分析:他的思想被什么套住,其悲劇原因在哪?(根據(jù)人物形象的分析與社會(huì)背景的了解,直擊主題。)沙皇腐朽的專制統(tǒng)治套住了他的思想,沙皇的清規(guī)戒律使他不敢越雷池一步,所以他是受害者,但他的身份性格以及特定的社會(huì)環(huán)境,又讓他成為沙皇統(tǒng)治的捍衛(wèi)者。2、他戀愛的情節(jié)以及科瓦連科這兩個(gè)人物的塑造的意義?(從人物以及主題入手,推翻沙皇的腐朽反動(dòng)的統(tǒng)治,必須是每一個(gè)人都敢于打破套子,喚醒革新,更新觀念,拒絕腐朽。)別里科夫渴望打破束縛,也想革新,而科瓦連科兩個(gè)人物體現(xiàn)朝氣活潑,以及勇于打破常規(guī)束縛的勇氣,為革新升起了一片曙光。3、塑造別里科夫的手法,除了一般刻畫人物方法外,還有什么方法?
(六)說教學(xué)策略1.專題性海量的媒介信息必須加以選擇或者整合,以項(xiàng)目為依據(jù),進(jìn)行信息篩選,形成專題性閱讀與交流;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)文本信息“化零為整”的能力,提升跨媒介閱讀與交流學(xué)習(xí)的充實(shí)感。2.情境化情境教學(xué)應(yīng)指向?qū)W生的應(yīng)用,建構(gòu)富有符合時(shí)代氣息的內(nèi)容,與生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)更加貼合,對(duì)學(xué)生的語言建構(gòu)與運(yùn)用有所提升,在情境中能夠有效地進(jìn)行交流。3.任務(wù)化以任務(wù)為導(dǎo)向的序列化學(xué)習(xí),可以為學(xué)生構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)路線圖、學(xué)習(xí)框架等具體任務(wù)引導(dǎo);或以跨媒介的認(rèn)識(shí)與應(yīng)用為任務(wù)的設(shè)置引導(dǎo);甚至以閱讀和交流作為序列化安排的實(shí)踐引導(dǎo)。4.整合性跨媒介閱讀與交流是結(jié)合線上線下的資源,形成新的“超媒介”,也能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)信息進(jìn)行“深加工”,多種媒介的信息整合只為一個(gè)核心教學(xué)內(nèi)容服務(wù)。5.互文性語言文字是語文之生命,我們是立足于語言文字的探討,音樂、圖像、視頻等文本與傳統(tǒng)語言文字文本形成互文,觸發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容立體化和具體化的感悟,提升學(xué)生的審美能力。
六、教學(xué)程序設(shè)計(jì)(“一三五”模式)為了完成這節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo),我是這樣安排的:第一環(huán)節(jié): (約10分鐘)根據(jù)對(duì)自主探究案的批閱情況,解決學(xué)生的遺留問題具體實(shí)施:投影學(xué)生的自主探究案,讓學(xué)生交流討論,教師點(diǎn)評(píng)。第二環(huán)節(jié): ( 約30分鐘)新課學(xué)習(xí):在“課堂互動(dòng)案”的導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱引領(lǐng)下,完成這節(jié)課的三維教學(xué)目標(biāo)。具體實(shí)施:多媒體輔助教學(xué)、交流討論。第三環(huán)節(jié): (約5分鐘)課堂小結(jié)和布置作業(yè):為了體現(xiàn)課程改革的新理念——學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主人,我改變傳統(tǒng)的教師總結(jié)為學(xué)生總結(jié)的模式,既強(qiáng)化了學(xué)生所學(xué)的知識(shí),又培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的歸納和概括能力。作業(yè)分為兩部分:(1)書面作業(yè)p85,1、2、3、4。(2)完成“應(yīng)用提升案”。七、板書設(shè)計(jì)由于多媒體在物理教學(xué)中僅是一種輔助手段,不能完全取代黑板,因此一節(jié)課的主要內(nèi)容和學(xué)生的必要參與還需要借助黑板來幫助。我在這節(jié)課的板書設(shè)計(jì)中突出了主要內(nèi)容,簡(jiǎn)潔明了。
(3)ATP的利用關(guān)于ATP的利用,一是要講清楚吸能反應(yīng)和放能反應(yīng)與ATP的分解和合成的關(guān)系,二是要充分利用教材上的圖解,讓學(xué)生在看懂圖解的基礎(chǔ)上,討論ATP還有哪些用途,從而對(duì)該圖解進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和完善。3、課堂小結(jié),強(qiáng)化認(rèn)識(shí)。ATP作為能量的“通貨”,在生物體生命活動(dòng)中具有重要的意義。我們不僅要知道ATP的分子結(jié)構(gòu),還要掌握ATP是如何行使他的貨幣能力。4、板書設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)束:本節(jié)課設(shè)置了一系列問題情境,層層設(shè)問,在學(xué)生答問、質(zhì)疑、討論過程中讓學(xué)生建構(gòu)新概念和新的知識(shí)體系,并通過教師及時(shí)掌握反饋信息,適時(shí)點(diǎn)撥、調(diào)節(jié),讓學(xué)生在推理判斷中培養(yǎng)良好的思維習(xí)慣和對(duì)知識(shí)的遷移能力,而且通過留出一定的時(shí)間讓學(xué)生提問,體現(xiàn)了以學(xué)生為主體的思想。我的說課完畢,謝謝大家。
六、說教學(xué)反思由于本節(jié)內(nèi)容抽象復(fù)雜, 插圖多, 涉及的物質(zhì)種類也比較多,應(yīng)要求學(xué)生做好課前預(yù)習(xí)。教學(xué)中,在處理主干知識(shí)和側(cè)枝內(nèi)容的關(guān)系時(shí),要做到合理分配時(shí)間,明確不同內(nèi)容的教學(xué)要求。教師要注意將知識(shí)及時(shí)進(jìn)行歸納、比較和總結(jié)。要讓學(xué)生了解各個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系,又要能簡(jiǎn)潔、清晰地概述轉(zhuǎn)錄和翻譯的過程。教師在備課時(shí),一定要仔細(xì)分辨并揣摩插圖所表達(dá)的意思,并能將不同的插圖內(nèi)容與教學(xué)流程有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來。在對(duì)插圖的處理上,還應(yīng)分清主次和輕重。教材在呈現(xiàn)教學(xué)內(nèi)容時(shí),采用圖文并茂的方式來揭示轉(zhuǎn)錄與翻譯的動(dòng)態(tài)過程。因此,教師不僅要利用插圖達(dá)到形象和直觀的教學(xué)效果,還應(yīng)配合教材中的文字描述作深入淺出的講解,使文字信息與圖形信息結(jié)合起來,讓學(xué)生感知到基因的表達(dá)是一個(gè)多層次的、動(dòng)態(tài)的、相互協(xié)調(diào)和配合的過程。盡可能利用多媒體課件進(jìn)行教學(xué)。多媒體課件可以形象、生動(dòng)地反映基因表達(dá)的過程,這是紙質(zhì)教材難以做到的。
一,說教材1. 教材的地位和作用本章課程的核心是介紹現(xiàn)代生物進(jìn)化理論.生物進(jìn)化理論的發(fā)展和其他科學(xué)理論的發(fā)展一樣,不是簡(jiǎn)單的新理論對(duì)舊理論的否定和排斥,而是新理論對(duì)舊理論的修正,深入和擴(kuò)展.從拉馬克的進(jìn)化學(xué)說到達(dá)爾文的自然選擇學(xué)說,以及現(xiàn)代進(jìn)化理論的由來,大體都走過了這樣的軌跡.這些應(yīng)該成為處理本節(jié)教學(xué)內(nèi)容的基本脈絡(luò).本節(jié)內(nèi)容包括:拉馬克的進(jìn)化學(xué)說,達(dá)爾文的自然選擇學(xué)說和達(dá)爾文以后生物進(jìn)化理論的發(fā)展,其中重點(diǎn)是達(dá)爾文的自然選擇學(xué)說.生物進(jìn)化論不僅是生物學(xué)中具有重要地位的基礎(chǔ)理論,也是對(duì)人們的自然觀和世界觀有著重要影響的理論.學(xué)生通過本章內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí),不僅可以了解生物進(jìn)化理論在達(dá)爾文之后的發(fā)展,進(jìn)一步樹立生物進(jìn)化的觀點(diǎn)和辯證唯物主義觀點(diǎn),而且能夠通過學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)化理論的發(fā)展過程,加深對(duì)科學(xué)本質(zhì)的理解和感悟.
環(huán)節(jié)四 課堂小結(jié) 鞏固知識(shí)本節(jié)課我采用線索性的板書,整個(gè)知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然,為了充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生在課堂的主體地位,我將課堂小結(jié)交由學(xué)生完成,請(qǐng)學(xué)生根據(jù)課堂學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容,結(jié)合我的板書設(shè)計(jì)來進(jìn)行小結(jié),以此來幫助教師在第一時(shí)間掌握學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)信息的反饋,同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納分析能力、概括能力。環(huán)節(jié)五 情景回歸,情感升華我的實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)老師告訴過我們,政治這一門學(xué)科要從生活中來到生活去,所以在課堂的最后要求學(xué)生以小組為單位給當(dāng)?shù)卣?fù)責(zé)人寫一份《關(guān)于提升政府權(quán)威的建議書》,以此培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)理論的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力,同時(shí)檢驗(yàn)他們對(duì)知識(shí)的真正掌握情況,以此達(dá)到情感的升華,本節(jié)課,我根據(jù)建構(gòu)主義理論,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的中心,學(xué)生是知識(shí)意義的主動(dòng)建構(gòu)者,是信息加工的主體,要強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的參與性、以及探究性,不僅讓他們懂得知識(shí),更讓他們相信知識(shí),并且將知識(shí)融入到實(shí)踐當(dāng)中去,最終達(dá)到知、情、意、行的統(tǒng)一。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回憶鞏固所學(xué)的知識(shí),通過收集資料、主題研討何提出合理化建議等形式,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注政府的權(quán)威,懂得樹立何維護(hù)政府的權(quán)威,有深遠(yuǎn)的歷史意義何現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)對(duì)政府的認(rèn)同感。
在學(xué)生回答的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行歸納小結(jié):發(fā)展城市公共交通? 明確道路分工? 合理規(guī)劃停車場(chǎng)? 減少出行距離? 錯(cuò)開出行高峰? 加大城市道路建設(shè)? 進(jìn)行科學(xué)合理的交通管理,重視智能交通系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)提問:這組同學(xué)在幻燈片中提到城市環(huán)境污染源主要有哪些?城市交通環(huán)境問題除了交通工具的尾氣排放帶來大氣污染外,還會(huì)給城市環(huán)境帶來什么問題?這組同學(xué)基本同意自行車多是加劇南京空氣污染的間接原因,你同意他們的觀點(diǎn)嗎?在學(xué)生回答的基礎(chǔ)上,教師進(jìn)行歸納小結(jié):自行車是一種綠色交通工具,既環(huán)保又經(jīng)濟(jì)。只有當(dāng)它在某些機(jī)動(dòng)車和非機(jī)動(dòng)車不分的地段,影響車輛行駛速度的時(shí)候,它才可能成為加劇空氣污染的間接原因。那么我們針對(duì)交通工具對(duì)環(huán)境造成的影響,除了這組同學(xué)提到的三點(diǎn)解決措施以外,我們還有什么要補(bǔ)充的解決方法嗎?
一、教學(xué)理論依據(jù)及設(shè)計(jì)理念以新課程理念和新課標(biāo)為指針,依據(jù)建構(gòu)主義理論、學(xué)科探究理論和多元智力理論,采用探究式的教學(xué)模式來組織實(shí)施本節(jié)課的教學(xué)。學(xué)生成為課堂的主體和知識(shí)的主動(dòng)構(gòu)建者。通過創(chuàng)設(shè)多種情境,讓學(xué)生積極參與、體驗(yàn)、感悟,主動(dòng)獲得新知,并逐步提高學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題和解決問題的能力。教師從課堂的主宰變?yōu)檎n堂的主導(dǎo),是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的組織者、引導(dǎo)者和合作者。教學(xué)過程是一個(gè)發(fā)散式的學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的過程。采用自主、合作、探究式的教學(xué)方式,讓學(xué)生有多元選擇,激發(fā)他們的潛能,發(fā)展他們的個(gè)性。二、教材分析1.教材的地位與作用:本框題是《生活與哲學(xué)》第二單元《探索世界與追求真理》第六課“求索真理的歷程”的第二節(jié)內(nèi)容。本單元的核心問題是如何看待我們周圍的世界,該問題也是《生活與哲學(xué)》整本書的核心問題之一。
《矛盾是事物發(fā)展的源泉和動(dòng)力》是人教版普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書,《思想政治》必修第4冊(cè),《生活與哲學(xué)》第3單元第9課的第1框的內(nèi)容。本節(jié)課的這部分內(nèi)容,是在學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)了上一框用發(fā)展練習(xí)的觀點(diǎn)看問題的基礎(chǔ)上展開的,本框通過矛盾同一性和斗爭(zhēng)性,普遍性與特殊性這兩大關(guān)系,揭示矛盾是事物發(fā)展的源泉和動(dòng)力。矛盾是本書的一個(gè)重要觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)于學(xué)生樹立正確的人生觀以及下一階段的學(xué)習(xí)都用很重要的作用。二、說教學(xué)目標(biāo)(每個(gè)說1~2個(gè))按照新課標(biāo)教學(xué)目標(biāo),結(jié)合著高二年級(jí)學(xué)生他們的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)及其心理特征,我制定了以下的教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)目標(biāo):通過學(xué)習(xí)掌握矛盾的含義。矛盾的同一性和斗爭(zhēng)性。矛盾的普遍性和特殊性。2、過程與方法的目標(biāo):使學(xué)生初步形成用矛盾的統(tǒng)一性和斗爭(zhēng)性相統(tǒng)一的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)和把握事物的能力,以及通過運(yùn)用矛盾普遍性和特殊性辯證關(guān)系的原理認(rèn)識(shí)和解決問題的能力。
②關(guān)于哲學(xué)的第二個(gè)問題是——思維和存在有沒有同一性解釋同一性——就是說意識(shí)(思維)能否正確認(rèn)識(shí)物質(zhì)(存在)的問題。(讓學(xué)生表達(dá)他們自己的意見)總結(jié)得出三種看法——認(rèn)為意識(shí)(思維)可以正確認(rèn)識(shí)物質(zhì)(存在)的,屬于可知論者;凡是認(rèn)為意識(shí)(思維)不能正確認(rèn)識(shí)物質(zhì)(存在),屬于不可知論者。當(dāng)然也有些同學(xué)是兩者觀點(diǎn)都有,這種同學(xué)我們把他稱為不徹底的不可知論者。2、為什么思維和存在的關(guān)系問題是哲學(xué)的基本問題(1)它是人們?cè)谏詈蛯?shí)踐活動(dòng)中首先遇到和無法回避的基本問題(舉例說明問題,吃飯的時(shí)候吃什么菜,學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃與學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)際等等)結(jié)合教材P10探究進(jìn)行講解舉例:11月31日請(qǐng)全班同學(xué)吃雪糕,吃完后再去肯德基大吃一頓,之后再到卡拉OK唱通宵——不切實(shí)際,因?yàn)?1月并沒有31日。(2)它是一切哲學(xué)都不能回避、必須回答的問題(不同的回答,直接決定著哲學(xué)的不同發(fā)展方向。)
1、課題引入:11月16日9時(shí)40分許,甘肅慶陽市正寧縣榆林子鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生一起重大交通事故,“校車安全”又一次甚囂塵上,我設(shè)計(jì)提問“校車安全事故然表面是偶然,但又是一種必然,你認(rèn)為事件的原因何在?”的問題激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣。我設(shè)計(jì)典型事例,通過學(xué)生討論,教師總結(jié)的形式,并得出主次矛盾辯證關(guān)系的原理分析。2、具體分析事件背后的原因,從原因中發(fā)現(xiàn),這眾多的原因矛盾中,都有主次方面之分,由于得出矛盾的主次方面原理。3、從原因中,尋找對(duì)策,既堅(jiān)持重點(diǎn)論與兩點(diǎn)論的結(jié)合。反對(duì)一點(diǎn)論和均衡論。4、無獨(dú)有偶,在2011年在湖南,海南,廣西等地均有類似的事件發(fā)生。對(duì)比各地事故背后的原因,得出應(yīng)具體問題具體分析。進(jìn)而分析具體問題具體分析的意義及地位。