1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語中表達做某事的步驟的一種說法。如果步驟較多,還可以說:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會聽到說英語國家的人在說 first, next, then, finally 和后面的內容時,他們會做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽者接下來講的是一系列的步驟。這一點在朗讀和聽力中應特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請看:how many修飾可數名詞復數,how much修飾不可數名詞。但在用法上,同學們常犯如下錯誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語,故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡記為:前how many:問“多少”,復數名詞后面跑;how much問“多少”,不可數名詞單數好。前者答語用基數詞,后者答語用數量關系。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
一、 教學內容Section A 1a----1c二、 教學目標1.學習詞匯do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教學準備 學生預習本單元所有的詞匯多媒體課件 活動表 獎品四、 教學過程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看動畫片段《灰姑娘》導如入本課話題和新詞匯“chores”美麗善良的鬼姑娘因繼母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家務。片段的主題使學生聯(lián)想到本課的話題。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看圖學習動詞詞組do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目標語Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車站 transportation n. 運送;運輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現在進行時表示將來計劃或行動. 4. 特殊疑問句(where , when , how long引導) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習對話.
教學目標1.知識目標:(1)學習What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)學會用英語描述有關職業(yè)的表達法。2.能力目標:(1)能夠談論為實現理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能夠談論未來自己與他人理想的職業(yè)及原因。(3)能用英語描述課余時間的活動安排,最終具備表達綜合信息的能力。3.情感目標:新學期到來之際,讓他們在學習、體育、飲食、特長、讀書等方面制定計劃,教育學生合理安排自己的課外生活,思考自己的理想職業(yè)及適合自己的職業(yè)。教學重點、難點本單元的重點為“be going to”表將來,want to be, what,where, when,how引導的特殊疑問句。難點是語言目標的實現。教材分析本單元以I am going to be a basketball player為話題,共設計了三部分的內容:一、Section A該部分有4個模塊。第一模塊圍繞Do you think these jobs are interesting?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓練;
1 交通工具的比較此活動為小組活動。學生通過討論找出到達某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學生以小組為單位展開活動,談論本組所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報,闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務所需要的語言結構:We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個城市更合適?此活動具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設中國要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
教學重點和難點:運用所掌握的語言描述,比較不同地點的特點。在練習中學習掌握英語比較級和最高級的用法。課前準備分配小組,每組五至六人。通過上網或翻閱報刊雜志等方法,確定旅游線路,做出基本的旅游計劃。教學設計:本節(jié)課流程圖 學法指導:1.由于這是一堂新課,在教學中應注意面向全體,發(fā)揮學生的主體性,引導學生積極參與,激發(fā)學生的求知欲和學習積極性,指導學生積極思維,主動獲取知識,養(yǎng)成良好的學習方法。逐步學會獨立解決問題??傊M可能調動學生的非智力因素促進智力因素的發(fā)展。教法選擇:1.電化教學法2.課堂討論法3.任務型教學法采用這些方法的目的是為了充分調動學生的學習積極性,使學生變被動學習為主動學習。通過電腦形象的演示,加強印象,提高興趣,突破難點,提高教學效率,進而增大教學的容量和信息量。充分體現教師為主導,學生為主體的教學原則。
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時也可以讓他們復習一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴充知識.學習語言的過程也是一個不斷積累的過程,復習舊知識,增添新知識.通過小游戲,強化學生對Does she/he have…這個句子的運用能力.通過復習,自然的引到下面新知識的學習。充分利用表格,由句子到對話,再到文章,讓學生循序漸進. 提高學生的綜合語言運用能力,運用以前學過的知識來解決身邊的問題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學內容與分析:
圖文對照,讀中感悟1.學習第1、2自然段。師:要去野外找春天了,課文中的小朋友現在是懷著什么樣的心情呢?(高興的、急切的、激動的)請你也帶著這樣的心情讀一讀第一、二自然段吧?自由讀。指名讀本段,讀后評價悟出應把“脫”、“沖”、“奔”重讀才能更加體現出孩子們找春天的迫切心情。2.請大家自由讀第3 ~7自然段,想一想,作者把春天想象成什么了(一個害羞的小姑娘)。這個害羞的小姑娘,遮遮掩掩、躲躲藏藏的,不想讓人們發(fā)現她。可是細心的小朋友還是找到了她。這些小朋友都在哪找到她了?你知道嗎?從書中找到有關的句子再讀一讀。(學生邊畫、邊讀。)小草從地下探出頭來,那是春天的眉毛吧?早開的野花一朵兩朵,那是春天的眼睛吧?樹林吐出點點嫩芽,那是春天的音符吧?解凍的小溪丁丁咚咚,那是春天的琴聲吧?
方法總結:解答此類題目的關鍵是根據題意構造直角三角形,然后利用所學的三角函數的關系進行解答.變式訓練:見《學練優(yōu)》本課時練習“課后鞏固提升” 第7題【類型三】 構造直角三角形解決面積問題在△ABC中,∠B=45°,AB=2,∠A=105°,求△ABC的面積.解析:過點A作AD⊥BC于點D,根據勾股定理求出BD、AD的長,再根據解直角三角形求出CD的長,最后根據三角形的面積公式解答即可.解:過點A作AD⊥BC于點D,∵∠B=45°,∴∠BAD=45°,∴AD=BD=22AB=22×2=1.∵∠A=105°,∴∠CAD=105°-45°=60°,∴∠C=30°,∴CD=ADtan30°=133=3,∴S△ABC=12(CD+BD)·AD=12×(3+1)×1=3+12. 方法總結:解答此類題目的關鍵是根據題意構造直角三角形,然后利用所學的三角函數的關系進行解答.
如圖,課外數學小組要測量小山坡上塔的高度DE,DE所在直線與水平線AN垂直.他們在A處測得塔尖D的仰角為45°,再沿著射線AN方向前進50米到達B處,此時測得塔尖D的仰角∠DBN=61.4°,小山坡坡頂E的仰角∠EBN=25.6°.現在請你幫助課外活動小組算一算塔高DE大約是多少米(結果精確到個位).解析:根據銳角三角函數關系表示出BF的長,進而求出EF的長,得出答案.解:延長DE交AB延長線于點F,則∠DFA=90°.∵∠A=45°,∴AF=DF.設EF=x,∵tan25.6°=EFBF≈0.5,∴BF=2x,則DF=AF=50+2x,故tan61.4°=DFBF=50+2x2x=1.8,解得x≈31.故DE=DF-EF=50+31×2-31=81(米).所以,塔高DE大約是81米.方法總結:解決此類問題要了解角之間的關系,找到與已知和未知相關聯(lián)的直角三角形,當圖形中沒有直角三角形時,要通過作高或垂線構造直角三角形.
解在角度單位狀態(tài)為“度”的情況下(屏幕顯示出 ),按下列順序依次按鍵:顯示結果為36.538 445 77.再按鍵:顯示結果為36゜32′18.4.所以,x≈36゜32′.例5 已知cot x=0.1950,求銳角x.(精確到1′)分析根據tan x= ,可以求出tan x的值,然后根據例4的方法就可以求出銳角x的值.四、課堂練習1. 使用計算器求下列三角函數值.(精確到0.0001)sin24゜,cos51゜42′20″,tan70゜21′,cot70゜.2. 已知銳角a的三角函數值,使用計算器求銳角a.(精確到1′)(1)sin a=0.2476; (2)cos a=0.4174;(3)tan a=0.1890; (4)cot a=1.3773.五、學習小結內容總結不同計算器操作不同,按鍵定義也不一樣。同一銳角的正切值與余切值互為倒數。在生活中運用計算器一定要注意計算器說明書的保管與使用。方法歸納在解決直角三角形的相關問題時,常常使用計算器幫助我們處理比較復雜的計算。
教學目標:1.能利用三角函數概念推導出特殊角的三角函數值.2.在探索特殊角的三角函數值的過程中體會數形結合思想.教學重點:特殊角30°、60°、45°的三角函數值.教學難點:靈活應用特殊角的三角函數值進行計算.☆ 預習導航 ☆一、鏈接:1.如圖,用小寫字母表示下列三角函數:sinA = sinB =cosA = cosB =tanA = tanB =2. 中,如果∠A=30°,那么三邊長有什么特殊的數量關系?如果∠A=45°,那么三邊長有什么特殊的數量關系?二、導讀:仔細閱讀課本內容后完成下面填空:
教學目標(一)教學知識點1.經歷探索船是否有觸礁危險的過程,進一步體會三角函數在解決問題過程中的應用.2.能夠把實際問題轉化為數學問題,能夠借助于計算器進行有關三角函數的計算,并能對結果的意義進行說明.(二)能力訓練要求發(fā)展學生的數學應用意識和解決問題的能力.(三)情感與價值觀要求1.在經歷弄清實際問題題意的過程中,畫出示意圖,培養(yǎng)獨立思考問題的習慣和克服困難的勇氣. 2.選擇生活中學生感興趣的題材,使學生能積極參與數學活動,提高學習數學、學好數學的欲望.教具重點1.經歷探索船是否有觸礁危險的過程,進一步體會三角函數在解決問題過程中的作用.2.發(fā)展學生數學應用意識和解決問題的能力.教學難點根據題意,了解有關術語,準確地畫出示意圖.教學方法探索——發(fā)現法教具準備多媒體演示
(8)物價部門規(guī)定,此新型通訊產品售價不得高于每件80元。在此情況下,售價定為多少元時,該公司可獲得最大利潤?最大利潤為多少萬元?若該公司計劃年初投入進貨成本m不超過200萬元,請你分析一下,售價定為多少元,公司獲利最大?售價定為多少元,公司獲利最少?三、小練兵:某商場經營某種品牌的童裝,購進時的單價是60元.根據市場調查,銷售量y(件)與銷售單價x(元)之間的函數關系式為y= –20 x +1800.(1)寫出銷售該品牌童裝獲得的利潤w(元)與銷售單價x(元)之間的函數關系式;(2)若童裝廠規(guī)定該品牌童裝銷售單價不低于76元,不高于78元,那么商場銷售該品牌童裝獲得的最大利潤是多少元?(3)若童裝廠規(guī)定該品牌童裝銷售單價不低于76元,且商場要完成不少于240件的銷售任務,那么商場銷售該品牌童裝獲得的最大利潤是多少元?
解析:(1)連接BI,根據I是△ABC的內心,得出∠1=∠2,∠3=∠4,再根據∠BIE=∠1+∠3,∠IBE=∠5+∠4,而∠5=∠1=∠2,得出∠BIE=∠IBE,即可證出IE=BE;(2)由三角形的內心,得到角平分線,根據等腰三角形的性質得到邊相等,由等量代換得到四條邊都相等,推出四邊形是菱形.解:(1)BE=IE.理由如下:如圖①,連接BI,∵I是△ABC的內心,∴∠1=∠2,∠3=∠4.∵∠BIE=∠1+∠3,∠IBE=∠5+∠4,而∠5=∠1=∠2,∴∠BIE=∠IBE,∴BE=IE;(2)四邊形BECI是菱形.證明如下:∵∠BED=∠CED=60°,∴∠ABC=∠ACB=60°,∴BE=CE.∵I是△ABC的內心,∴∠4=12∠ABC=30°,∠ICD=12∠ACB=30°,∴∠4=∠ICD,∴BI=IC.由(1)證得IE=BE,∴BE=CE=BI=IC,∴四邊形BECI是菱形.方法總結:解決本題要掌握三角形的內心的性質,以及圓周角定理.
首先請學生分析:過B、C作梯形ABCD的高,將梯形分割成兩個直角三角形和一個矩形來解.教師可請一名同學上黑板板書,其他學生筆答此題.教師在巡視中為個別學生解開疑點,查漏補缺.解:作BE⊥AD,CF⊥AD,垂足分別為E、F,則BE=23m.在Rt△ABE中,∴AB=2BE=46(m).∴FD=CF=23(m).答:斜坡AB長46m,坡角α等于30°,壩底寬AD約為68.8m.引導全體同學通過評價黑板上的板演,總結解坡度問題需要注意的問題:①適當添加輔助線,將梯形分割為直角三角形和矩形.③計算中盡量選擇較簡便、直接的關系式加以計算.三、課堂小結:請學生總結:解直角三角形時,運用直角三角形有關知識,通過數值計算,去求出圖形中的某些邊的長度或角的大小.在分析問題時,最好畫出幾何圖形,按照圖中的邊角之間的關系進行計算.這樣可以幫助思考、防止出錯.四、布置作業(yè)
問題2、如何用測角儀測量一個低處物體的俯角呢?和測量仰角的步驟是一樣的,只不過測量俯角時,轉動度盤,使度盤的直徑對準低處的目標,記下此時鉛垂線所指的度數,同樣根據“同角的余角相等”,鉛垂線所指的度數就是低處的俯角.活動三:測量底部可以到達的物體的高度.“底部可以到達”,就是在地面上可以無障礙地直接測得測點與被測物體底部之間的距離.要測旗桿MN的高度,可按下列步驟進行:(如下圖)1.在測點A處安置測傾器(即測角儀),測得M的仰角∠MCE=α.2.量出測點A到物體底部N的水平距離AN=l.3.量出測傾器(即測角儀)的高度AC=a(即頂線PQ成水平位置時,它與地面的距離).根據測量數據,就能求出物體MN的高度.在Rt△MEC中,∠MCE=α,AN=EC=l,所以tanα= ,即ME=tana·EC=l·tanα.又因為NE=AC=a,所以MN=ME+EN=l·tanα+a.
③設每件襯衣降價x元,獲得的利潤為y元,則定價為 元 ,每件利潤為 元 ,每星期多賣 件,實際賣出 件。所以Y= 。(0<X<20)何時有最大利潤,最大利潤為多少元?比較以上兩種可能,襯衣定價多少元時,才能使利潤最大?☆ 歸納反思 ☆總結得出求最值問題的一般步驟:(1)列出二次函數的解析式,并根據自變量的實際意義,確定自變量的取值范圍;(2)在自變量的取值范圍內,運用公式法或通過配方法求出二次函數的最值?!? 達標檢測 ☆ 1、用長為6m的鐵絲做成一個邊長為xm的矩形,設矩形面積是ym2,,則y與x之間函數關系式為 ,當邊長為 時矩形面積最大.2、藍天汽車出租公司有200輛出租車,市場調查表明:當每輛車的日租金為300元時可全部租出;當每輛車的日租金提高10元時,每天租出的汽車會相應地減少4輛.問每輛出租車的日租金提高多少元,才會使公司一天有最多的收入?