情景導(dǎo)學(xué)古語云:“勤學(xué)如春起之苗,不見其增,日有所長”如果對(duì)“春起之苗”每日用精密儀器度量,則每日的高度值按日期排在一起,可組成一個(gè)數(shù)列. 那么什么叫數(shù)列呢?二、問題探究1. 王芳從一歲到17歲,每年生日那天測量身高,將這些身高數(shù)據(jù)(單位:厘米)依次排成一列數(shù):75,87,96,103,110,116,120,128,138,145,153,158,160,162,163,165,168 ①記王芳第i歲的身高為 h_i ,那么h_1=75 , h_2=87, 〖"…" ,h〗_17=168.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)h_i中的i反映了身高按歲數(shù)從1到17的順序排列時(shí)的確定位置,即h_1=75 是排在第1位的數(shù),h_2=87是排在第2位的數(shù)〖"…" ,h〗_17 =168是排在第17位的數(shù),它們之間不能交換位置,所以①具有確定順序的一列數(shù)。2. 在兩河流域發(fā)掘的一塊泥板(編號(hào)K90,約生產(chǎn)于公元前7世紀(jì))上,有一列依次表示一個(gè)月中從第1天到第15天,每天月亮可見部分的數(shù):5,10,20,40,80,96,112,128,144,160,176,192,208,224,240. ②
4.寫出下列隨機(jī)變量可能取的值,并說明隨機(jī)變量所取的值表示的隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果.(1)一個(gè)袋中裝有8個(gè)紅球,3個(gè)白球,從中任取5個(gè)球,其中所含白球的個(gè)數(shù)為X.(2)一個(gè)袋中有5個(gè)同樣大小的黑球,編號(hào)為1,2,3,4,5,從中任取3個(gè)球,取出的球的最大號(hào)碼記為X.(3). 在本例(1)條件下,規(guī)定取出一個(gè)紅球贏2元,而每取出一個(gè)白球輸1元,以ξ表示贏得的錢數(shù),結(jié)果如何?[解] (1)X可取0,1,2,3.X=0表示取5個(gè)球全是紅球;X=1表示取1個(gè)白球,4個(gè)紅球;X=2表示取2個(gè)白球,3個(gè)紅球;X=3表示取3個(gè)白球,2個(gè)紅球.(2)X可取3,4,5.X=3表示取出的球編號(hào)為1,2,3;X=4表示取出的球編號(hào)為1,2,4;1,3,4或2,3,4.X=5表示取出的球編號(hào)為1,2,5;1,3,5;1,4,5;2,3,5;2,4,5或3,4,5.(3) ξ=10表示取5個(gè)球全是紅球;ξ=7表示取1個(gè)白球,4個(gè)紅球;ξ=4表示取2個(gè)白球,3個(gè)紅球;ξ=1表示取3個(gè)白球,2個(gè)紅球.
3.下結(jié)論.依據(jù)均值和方差做出結(jié)論.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2. A、B兩個(gè)投資項(xiàng)目的利潤率分別為隨機(jī)變量X1和X2,根據(jù)市場分析, X1和X2的分布列分別為X1 2% 8% 12% X2 5% 10%P 0.2 0.5 0.3 P 0.8 0.2求:(1)在A、B兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目上各投資100萬元, Y1和Y2分別表示投資項(xiàng)目A和B所獲得的利潤,求方差D(Y1)和D(Y2);(2)根據(jù)得到的結(jié)論,對(duì)于投資者有什么建議? 解:(1)題目可知,投資項(xiàng)目A和B所獲得的利潤Y1和Y2的分布列為:Y1 2 8 12 Y2 5 10P 0.2 0.5 0.3 P 0.8 0.2所以 ;; 解:(2) 由(1)可知 ,說明投資A項(xiàng)目比投資B項(xiàng)目期望收益要高;同時(shí) ,說明投資A項(xiàng)目比投資B項(xiàng)目的實(shí)際收益相對(duì)于期望收益的平均波動(dòng)要更大.因此,對(duì)于追求穩(wěn)定的投資者,投資B項(xiàng)目更合適;而對(duì)于更看重利潤并且愿意為了高利潤承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的投資者,投資A項(xiàng)目更合適.
對(duì)于離散型隨機(jī)變量,可以由它的概率分布列確定與該隨機(jī)變量相關(guān)事件的概率。但在實(shí)際問題中,有時(shí)我們更感興趣的是隨機(jī)變量的某些數(shù)字特征。例如,要了解某班同學(xué)在一次數(shù)學(xué)測驗(yàn)中的總體水平,很重要的是看平均分;要了解某班同學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)成績是否“兩極分化”則需要考察這個(gè)班數(shù)學(xué)成績的方差。我們還常常希望直接通過數(shù)字來反映隨機(jī)變量的某個(gè)方面的特征,最常用的有期望與方差.二、 探究新知探究1.甲乙兩名射箭運(yùn)動(dòng)員射中目標(biāo)靶的環(huán)數(shù)的分布列如下表所示:如何比較他們射箭水平的高低呢?環(huán)數(shù)X 7 8 9 10甲射中的概率 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4乙射中的概率 0.15 0.25 0.4 0.2類似兩組數(shù)據(jù)的比較,首先比較擊中的平均環(huán)數(shù),如果平均環(huán)數(shù)相等,再看穩(wěn)定性.假設(shè)甲射箭n次,射中7環(huán)、8環(huán)、9環(huán)和10環(huán)的頻率分別為:甲n次射箭射中的平均環(huán)數(shù)當(dāng)n足夠大時(shí),頻率穩(wěn)定于概率,所以x穩(wěn)定于7×0.1+8×0.2+9×0.3+10×0.4=9.即甲射中平均環(huán)數(shù)的穩(wěn)定值(理論平均值)為9,這個(gè)平均值的大小可以反映甲運(yùn)動(dòng)員的射箭水平.同理,乙射中環(huán)數(shù)的平均值為7×0.15+8×0.25+9×0.4+10×0.2=8.65.
課前小測1.思考辨析(1)若Sn為等差數(shù)列{an}的前n項(xiàng)和,則數(shù)列Snn也是等差數(shù)列.( )(2)若a1>0,d<0,則等差數(shù)列中所有正項(xiàng)之和最大.( )(3)在等差數(shù)列中,Sn是其前n項(xiàng)和,則有S2n-1=(2n-1)an.( )[答案] (1)√ (2)√ (3)√2.在項(xiàng)數(shù)為2n+1的等差數(shù)列中,所有奇數(shù)項(xiàng)的和為165,所有偶數(shù)項(xiàng)的和為150,則n等于( )A.9 B.10 C.11 D.12B [∵S奇S偶=n+1n,∴165150=n+1n.∴n=10.故選B項(xiàng).]3.等差數(shù)列{an}中,S2=4,S4=9,則S6=________.15 [由S2,S4-S2,S6-S4成等差數(shù)列得2(S4-S2)=S2+(S6-S4)解得S6=15.]4.已知數(shù)列{an}的通項(xiàng)公式是an=2n-48,則Sn取得最小值時(shí),n為________.23或24 [由an≤0即2n-48≤0得n≤24.∴所有負(fù)項(xiàng)的和最小,即n=23或24.]二、典例解析例8.某校新建一個(gè)報(bào)告廳,要求容納800個(gè)座位,報(bào)告廳共有20排座位,從第2排起后一排都比前一排多兩個(gè)座位. 問第1排應(yīng)安排多少個(gè)座位?分析:將第1排到第20排的座位數(shù)依次排成一列,構(gòu)成數(shù)列{an} ,設(shè)數(shù)列{an} 的前n項(xiàng)和為S_n。
1.判斷正誤(正確的打“√”,錯(cuò)誤的打“×”)(1)函數(shù)f (x)在區(qū)間(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,則函數(shù)f (x)在這個(gè)區(qū)間上單調(diào)遞減. ( )(2)函數(shù)在某一點(diǎn)的導(dǎo)數(shù)越大,函數(shù)在該點(diǎn)處的切線越“陡峭”. ( )(3)函數(shù)在某個(gè)區(qū)間上變化越快,函數(shù)在這個(gè)區(qū)間上導(dǎo)數(shù)的絕對(duì)值越大.( )(4)判斷函數(shù)單調(diào)性時(shí),在區(qū)間內(nèi)的個(gè)別點(diǎn)f ′(x)=0,不影響函數(shù)在此區(qū)間的單調(diào)性.( )[解析] (1)√ 函數(shù)f (x)在區(qū)間(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,所以函數(shù)f (x)在這個(gè)區(qū)間上單調(diào)遞減,故正確.(2)× 切線的“陡峭”程度與|f ′(x)|的大小有關(guān),故錯(cuò)誤.(3)√ 函數(shù)在某個(gè)區(qū)間上變化的快慢,和函數(shù)導(dǎo)數(shù)的絕對(duì)值大小一致.(4)√ 若f ′(x)≥0(≤0),則函數(shù)f (x)在區(qū)間內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增(減),故f ′(x)=0不影響函數(shù)單調(diào)性.[答案] (1)√ (2)× (3)√ (4)√例1. 利用導(dǎo)數(shù)判斷下列函數(shù)的單調(diào)性:(1)f(x)=x^3+3x; (2) f(x)=sinx-x,x∈(0,π); (3)f(x)=(x-1)/x解: (1) 因?yàn)閒(x)=x^3+3x, 所以f^' (x)=〖3x〗^2+3=3(x^2+1)>0所以f(x)=x^3+3x ,函數(shù)在R上單調(diào)遞增,如圖(1)所示
一、 問題導(dǎo)學(xué)前面兩節(jié)所討論的變量,如人的身高、樹的胸徑、樹的高度、短跑100m世界紀(jì)錄和創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的時(shí)間等,都是數(shù)值變量,數(shù)值變量的取值為實(shí)數(shù).其大小和運(yùn)算都有實(shí)際含義.在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,人們經(jīng)常需要回答一定范圍內(nèi)的兩種現(xiàn)象或性質(zhì)之間是否存在關(guān)聯(lián)性或相互影響的問題.例如,就讀不同學(xué)校是否對(duì)學(xué)生的成績有影響,不同班級(jí)學(xué)生用于體育鍛煉的時(shí)間是否有差別,吸煙是否會(huì)增加患肺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),等等,本節(jié)將要學(xué)習(xí)的獨(dú)立性檢驗(yàn)方法為我們提供了解決這類問題的方案。在討論上述問題時(shí),為了表述方便,我們經(jīng)常會(huì)使用一種特殊的隨機(jī)變量,以區(qū)別不同的現(xiàn)象或性質(zhì),這類隨機(jī)變量稱為分類變量.分類變量的取值可以用實(shí)數(shù)表示,例如,學(xué)生所在的班級(jí)可以用1,2,3等表示,男性、女性可以用1,0表示,等等.在很多時(shí)候,這些數(shù)值只作為編號(hào)使用,并沒有通常的大小和運(yùn)算意義,本節(jié)我們主要討論取值于{0,1}的分類變量的關(guān)聯(lián)性問題.
溫故知新 1.離散型隨機(jī)變量的定義可能取值為有限個(gè)或可以一一列舉的隨機(jī)變量,我們稱為離散型隨機(jī)變量.通常用大寫英文字母表示隨機(jī)變量,例如X,Y,Z;用小寫英文字母表示隨機(jī)變量的取值,例如x,y,z.隨機(jī)變量的特點(diǎn): 試驗(yàn)之前可以判斷其可能出現(xiàn)的所有值,在試驗(yàn)之前不可能確定取何值;可以用數(shù)字表示2、隨機(jī)變量的分類①離散型隨機(jī)變量:X的取值可一、一列出;②連續(xù)型隨機(jī)變量:X可以取某個(gè)區(qū)間內(nèi)的一切值隨機(jī)變量將隨機(jī)事件的結(jié)果數(shù)量化.3、古典概型:①試驗(yàn)中所有可能出現(xiàn)的基本事件只有有限個(gè);②每個(gè)基本事件出現(xiàn)的可能性相等。二、探究新知探究1.拋擲一枚骰子,所得的點(diǎn)數(shù)X有哪些值?取每個(gè)值的概率是多少? 因?yàn)閄取值范圍是{1,2,3,4,5,6}而且"P(X=m)"=1/6,m=1,2,3,4,5,6.因此X分布列如下表所示
1.對(duì)稱性與首末兩端“等距離”的兩個(gè)二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)相等,即C_n^m=C_n^(n"-" m).2.增減性與最大值 當(dāng)k(n+1)/2時(shí),C_n^k隨k的增加而減小.當(dāng)n是偶數(shù)時(shí),中間的一項(xiàng)C_n^(n/2)取得最大值;當(dāng)n是奇數(shù)時(shí),中間的兩項(xiàng)C_n^((n"-" 1)/2) 與C_n^((n+1)/2)相等,且同時(shí)取得最大值.探究2.已知(1+x)^n =C_n^0+C_n^1 x+...〖+C〗_n^k x^k+...+C_n^n x^n 3.各二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)的和C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n.令x=1 得(1+1)^n=C_n^0+C_n^1 +...+C_n^n=2^n所以,(a+b)^n 的展開式的各二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)之和為2^n1. 在(a+b)8的展開式中,二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)最大的項(xiàng)為 ,在(a+b)9的展開式中,二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)最大的項(xiàng)為 . 解析:因?yàn)?a+b)8的展開式中有9項(xiàng),所以中間一項(xiàng)的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)最大,該項(xiàng)為C_8^4a4b4=70a4b4.因?yàn)?a+b)9的展開式中有10項(xiàng),所以中間兩項(xiàng)的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)最大,這兩項(xiàng)分別為C_9^4a5b4=126a5b4,C_9^5a4b5=126a4b5.答案:1.70a4b4 126a5b4與126a4b5 2. A=C_n^0+C_n^2+C_n^4+…與B=C_n^1+C_n^3+C_n^5+…的大小關(guān)系是( )A.A>B B.A=B C.A<B D.不確定 解析:∵(1+1)n=C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n,(1-1)n=C_n^0-C_n^1+C_n^2-…+(-1)nC_n^n=0,∴C_n^0+C_n^2+C_n^4+…=C_n^1+C_n^3+C_n^5+…=2n-1,即A=B.答案:B
1.確定研究對(duì)象,明確哪個(gè)是解釋變量,哪個(gè)是響應(yīng)變量;2.由經(jīng)驗(yàn)確定非線性經(jīng)驗(yàn)回歸方程的模型;3.通過變換,將非線性經(jīng)驗(yàn)回歸模型轉(zhuǎn)化為線性經(jīng)驗(yàn)回歸模型;4.按照公式計(jì)算經(jīng)驗(yàn)回歸方程中的參數(shù),得到經(jīng)驗(yàn)回歸方程;5.消去新元,得到非線性經(jīng)驗(yàn)回歸方程;6.得出結(jié)果后分析殘差圖是否有異常 .跟蹤訓(xùn)練1.一只藥用昆蟲的產(chǎn)卵數(shù)y與一定范圍內(nèi)的溫度x有關(guān),現(xiàn)收集了6組觀測數(shù)據(jù)列于表中: 經(jīng)計(jì)算得: 線性回歸殘差的平方和: ∑_(i=1)^6?〖(y_i-(y_i ) ?)〗^2=236,64,e^8.0605≈3167.其中 分別為觀測數(shù)據(jù)中的溫度和產(chǎn)卵數(shù),i=1,2,3,4,5,6.(1)若用線性回歸模型擬合,求y關(guān)于x的回歸方程 (精確到0.1);(2)若用非線性回歸模型擬合,求得y關(guān)于x回歸方程為 且相關(guān)指數(shù)R2=0.9522. ①試與(1)中的線性回歸模型相比較,用R2說明哪種模型的擬合效果更好 ?②用擬合效果好的模型預(yù)測溫度為35℃時(shí)該種藥用昆蟲的產(chǎn)卵數(shù).(結(jié)果取整數(shù)).
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動(dòng)詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動(dòng)。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.