Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)總結(jié)林巧稚的人生原則和人格品質(zhì)特征;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對(duì)人生抉擇發(fā)表自己的看法;能否全面地、客觀地、理性地看待問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而對(duì)道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
The joke set her crying.這個(gè)玩笑使她哭起來(lái)。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)的功能和意義;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否正確使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式描述人物的行為、動(dòng)作及其經(jīng)歷;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過(guò)人物言行的對(duì)比分析道德故事的深層內(nèi)涵;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)故事的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果來(lái)深入理解故事的情節(jié),從而了解文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu);4、結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活案例發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解和看法,寫一篇觀點(diǎn)明確、層次分明的故事評(píng)論。
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定義;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過(guò)說(shuō)話人所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容、說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)調(diào)等來(lái)判斷其態(tài)度和情緒;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對(duì)具體的道德困境發(fā)表自己的看法和見(jiàn)解,能否掌握聽(tīng)力理訓(xùn)練中的聽(tīng)力策略。
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.價(jià)格與戰(zhàn)前相同。(4)定語(yǔ)從句中的“關(guān)系代詞+助動(dòng)詞be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹訂的那張票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境或情景恢復(fù)句子中省略的成分,體會(huì)使用省略的效果;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否了解舊金山的城市風(fēng)貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會(huì)多元文化對(duì)美國(guó)的影響。
該板塊的活動(dòng)主題是“介紹一個(gè)有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過(guò)介紹中國(guó)城繼續(xù)聚焦中國(guó)文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國(guó)城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國(guó)城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國(guó)城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國(guó)文化與美國(guó)多元文化的關(guān)系,它是美國(guó)多元文化的重要組成部分。中國(guó)城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國(guó)文化的重要窗口,外國(guó)人在中國(guó)城能近距離體驗(yàn)中國(guó)文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.
(明確:“寡人之于國(guó)也,盡心焉耳矣”,但“寡人之民不加多,何也?”)②他認(rèn)為自己對(duì)國(guó)家政務(wù)盡心盡力了,他有哪些具體做法?(明確:移民移粟)③第2—4節(jié)中孟子是怎樣說(shuō)明梁惠王移民移粟的措施與“鄰國(guó)之政”并無(wú)本質(zhì)區(qū)別的?(明確:孟子不直接回答“民不加多”的問(wèn)題,而是用梁惠王熟悉的“戰(zhàn)”設(shè)喻——設(shè)圈套,誘使對(duì)方在不知不覺(jué)中說(shuō)出“不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也?!保苊献诱J(rèn)為怎樣才能做到“王道之始”?要想“王道之成”還需采取哪些措施?(明確:“不違農(nóng)時(shí),谷不可勝食也。數(shù)罟不入氵夸池,魚鱉不可勝食也。斧斤以時(shí)入山林,材木不可勝用也。谷與魚鱉不可勝食,材木不可勝用五畝之宅,樹(shù)之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣。雞豚狗彘之畜,無(wú)失其時(shí),七十者可以食肉矣。百畝之田,勿奪其時(shí),數(shù)口之家,可以無(wú)饑矣。謹(jǐn)庫(kù)序之教,申之以孝涕之義,頒白者不負(fù)戴于道路矣。)這一小步的目的是想讓學(xué)生通過(guò)這些問(wèn)題的解答,可以進(jìn)一步理清思路,掌握文的大概內(nèi)容。
3、重要語(yǔ)句的理解“可是一個(gè)人并不是生來(lái)要給打敗的,你盡可把它消滅掉,可就是打不敗他?!苯馕觯哼@是老人第一次回合之后的內(nèi)心獨(dú)白,也是此小說(shuō)的核心精神,充分體現(xiàn)了老人桑地亞哥的生命理念。整句話可以分為兩部分來(lái)理解,前句告訴我們,人生活在自然與社會(huì)當(dāng)中,必不可少要面臨一些坎坷、磨難,這些磨難、坎坷完全可以造成軀體的消滅、消亡,這是人生命的脆弱性。后句,面對(duì)挫折,只要保持一種樂(lè)觀的精神,擁有一顆堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的心靈,那么,人類執(zhí)著奮斗的精神將永不磨滅。4、象征主義題目是《老人與?!罚砻魃?,小說(shuō)是寫一位老人及其在海上的經(jīng)歷,但實(shí)際上,老人的形象極具概括性,他已經(jīng)超越了一個(gè)人的存在,而成為了人生的一種象征。老人桑地亞哥就是“硬漢子”的代表,大海則是生命旅途的象征,鯊魚則是我們行走中的“強(qiáng)物”,厄運(yùn)的象征。人的一生不可能一帆風(fēng)順,不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨,怎能見(jiàn)彩虹,走在人生路途中,不可避免我們都要遇到挫折,被厄運(yùn)所阻撓,只有經(jīng)歷與“鯊魚”的較量,才能成為強(qiáng)者,唱出最美的歌。
一、人類遺傳病1.概念2.分類(1)單基因遺傳病(2)多基因遺傳病(3)染色體異常遺傳病①原因②類型3遺傳病的特點(diǎn)4.遺傳病對(duì)人類的危害八、說(shuō)布置作業(yè)在作業(yè)的布置中,我嚴(yán)格遵循“重質(zhì)量、輕負(fù)擔(dān)”的指導(dǎo)思想。第一題主要是為了幫助學(xué)生及時(shí)糾正原有的對(duì)知識(shí)的錯(cuò)誤理解或片面認(rèn)識(shí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的解題技巧和技能。所以我選用了該題。同時(shí)想借助該題培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)問(wèn)題的科學(xué)的思維方法和探究的精神。幫助學(xué)生提高對(duì)信息技術(shù)運(yùn)用的熟練程度,發(fā)展學(xué)生的信息素養(yǎng)。附作業(yè):1、連線題,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們連線指出下列遺傳各屬于何種類型?(1)苯丙酮尿病 A、單基因遺傳?。?)21三體綜合征(3)抗維生素D佝僂病 B、多基因遺傳?。?)軟骨發(fā)育不全(5)青少年型糖尿病 C、常染色體病2、以生物小組為單位進(jìn)行人類遺傳病的調(diào)查。
在學(xué)生活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上,教師總結(jié)歸納:要堅(jiān)持從群眾中來(lái)到群眾中去的工作方法。要求:政府要通過(guò)各種途徑,利用各種群眾組織、社會(huì)團(tuán)體廣泛收集群眾意見(jiàn)和建議,認(rèn)真對(duì)待群眾的來(lái)信來(lái)訪。還要為群眾誠(chéng)心誠(chéng)意辦實(shí)事,盡心竭力解難事,堅(jiān)持不懈。通過(guò)合作探究,以此來(lái)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的分析能力,探究能力以及透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息的能力,自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力以及全面看問(wèn)題的能力,再結(jié)合教師的講授,給學(xué)生一種茅塞頓開(kāi)的感覺(jué)。環(huán)節(jié)四 回歸生活 提升情感我將引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀課本,通過(guò)設(shè)置活動(dòng)探究課,結(jié)合生活實(shí)際從時(shí)效,便利,實(shí)效等方面請(qǐng)學(xué)生評(píng)述公民求助或投訴的四種方式的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在這一過(guò)程中,我還會(huì)用多媒體展示常用的熱線電話,政府網(wǎng)站上有關(guān)信訪、政務(wù)公開(kāi)及其他便民利民的欄目,豐富課堂資源。讓學(xué)生閱讀課本,自行歸納知識(shí)點(diǎn),有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。
“深入探究,把握主旨”這一步則是解決教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn),這里涉及到課文的深層意蘊(yùn),學(xué)生理解有難度,教師在通過(guò)問(wèn)題引領(lǐng)學(xué)生探討的基礎(chǔ)上,還要適時(shí)啟發(fā)、點(diǎn)撥,因?yàn)榻虒W(xué)時(shí)間有限,讓學(xué)生漫無(wú)邊際的討論,可能難以完成預(yù)定的教學(xué)任務(wù),會(huì)使教學(xué)過(guò)程不完整。至于本文的寫作特點(diǎn)的教學(xué)視時(shí)間而定,有時(shí)間可以讓學(xué)生說(shuō)一說(shuō),沒(méi)有時(shí)間用小黑板出示一下,讓學(xué)生了解就行,如果時(shí)間不夠,甚至可以不講。第三階段是“延伸練習(xí),鞏固提高”。
(2).教學(xué)手段為了使我根據(jù)教材而設(shè)計(jì)的三個(gè)教學(xué)目標(biāo)以及重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)得以的突出和突破,達(dá)到最大化的展示境界,同時(shí)也為了配合以上我選擇的四種教法得以完滿實(shí)現(xiàn),我決定采用“多媒體”教學(xué)手段進(jìn)行全程教學(xué)。利用電腦的信息容量大,操作簡(jiǎn)便等優(yōu)點(diǎn),形象生動(dòng)的直觀展示教學(xué)內(nèi)容,不但提高學(xué)習(xí)效率和質(zhì)量,而且容易激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。四、說(shuō)學(xué)法我為學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)了三個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)方法:1.讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)在探究中學(xué)。通過(guò)“對(duì)黑人嚴(yán)酷處境的探究”和對(duì)文中重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句的探究,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在探究中學(xué)習(xí)的能力。2.讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)在讀中學(xué)。通過(guò)“誦讀法”指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在誦讀過(guò)程中感受演講詞內(nèi)在的魅力,學(xué)會(huì)在讀中學(xué)。3.讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)在練習(xí)中學(xué)。通過(guò)“課外延伸練習(xí)法”,對(duì)所學(xué)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行運(yùn)用,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新和自學(xué)能力。
四、教學(xué)方法和學(xué)法。課前學(xué)生搜集有關(guān)《詩(shī)經(jīng)》的資料必不可少。另外,時(shí)隔數(shù)千年,年代久遠(yuǎn),文字的障礙很大,然而,過(guò)分糾纏于文字的疏通會(huì)破壞詩(shī)歌的“氣”,喪失詩(shī)歌的“神”,所以在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),應(yīng)舍去條分縷析的理論評(píng)價(jià),指導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合注釋疏通文字,然后引領(lǐng)他們經(jīng)由文字再現(xiàn)形象和事件,經(jīng)由形象和事件領(lǐng)略情感,感受其中濃濃的詩(shī)情。誦讀的環(huán)節(jié)是重要的,配以二胡獨(dú)奏《長(zhǎng)相思》,營(yíng)造意境,學(xué)生沉浸在音樂(lè)營(yíng)造的意境中反復(fù)吟詠,讀出節(jié)奏,讀出音調(diào),讀出感情,細(xì)細(xì)體味,讓或優(yōu)或喜的情愫縈繞心間,我們就觸到了先民的靈魂。比興手法為《詩(shī)經(jīng)》獨(dú)創(chuàng),重章疊句同樣別致而新鮮,教學(xué)過(guò)程中結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境讓學(xué)生自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)并進(jìn)行討論,不搞枯燥的知識(shí)傳授。還引入講故事、改寫兩種活潑的學(xué)習(xí)形式,從而達(dá)到加深理解的目的。
一、說(shuō)教材1.教材分析《涉江采芙蓉》是新人教版必修二第二單元《古詩(shī)三首》中的一首?!豆旁?shī)十九首》在中國(guó)古代詩(shī)歌的藝術(shù)手法上起著承前啟后的作用,在高中語(yǔ)文古詩(shī)教學(xué)中也起著承前啟后的作用。這首古體詩(shī)不論是藝術(shù)上,還是在思想上都已經(jīng)達(dá)到了十分純熟的境界。因此,它十分重要。2.說(shuō)學(xué)情這首詩(shī)歌在內(nèi)容上難度不大,可以做多角度解讀。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生作個(gè)性化解讀,我們可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生就此作些探討。學(xué)生通過(guò)小學(xué)、初中的系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)和本冊(cè)古詩(shī)部分的集中學(xué)習(xí),有了一定的古詩(shī)鑒賞能力,對(duì)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)的中華文化也有了一些積淀,興趣漸濃,這是進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生熱愛(ài)古代詩(shī)歌、學(xué)習(xí)古代詩(shī)歌的一個(gè)前提。3.教學(xué)目標(biāo)依據(jù)學(xué)生特點(diǎn),教材特色以及新課標(biāo)的要求,制定教學(xué)目標(biāo)如下:(用多媒體展示)1、了解關(guān)于《古詩(shī)十九首》的文學(xué)常識(shí);2、感受詩(shī)歌的思想內(nèi)涵;3、運(yùn)用想象描摹詩(shī)歌的藝術(shù)畫面。
(二)分析課文,理清思路第1、2段為第一部分,主要是敘事、寫景,先敘述集會(huì)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),然后渲染出蘭亭優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境。在這里足以“游目騁懷”“極視聽(tīng)之娛”,可以自由地觀察、思考,滿足人們目視耳聞的需求。這里正是與會(huì)“暢敘幽情”、盡興盡歡的絕好處所。這些描寫都富有詩(shī)情畫意,作者的情感是輕松愉快的。第3、4段為第二部分,主要是抒情、議論,作者由美景妙時(shí)引發(fā)出樂(lè)與憂、生與死的感慨。他認(rèn)為人生的快樂(lè)是有極限的,待快樂(lè)得到滿足時(shí),就會(huì)感覺(jué)興味索然。往事轉(zhuǎn)眼間便成為歷史,人到了生命的盡頭就會(huì)死亡。作者由“一死生為虛誕,齊彭殤為妄作”的認(rèn)識(shí),產(chǎn)生了一種珍惜時(shí)間、眷戀生活、熱愛(ài)文明的思考。雖然文中的壽夭、生死不能自由決定,從而有些傷感,但作者仍然認(rèn)識(shí)到盛衰、生死是必然的。人生無(wú)常,時(shí)不我待,故著文留傳后世,以承襲前人,啟示來(lái)者。
一、說(shuō)教材《短歌行》是普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書必修(二)第二單元的一篇略讀課文,本單元安排的是先秦到南北朝時(shí)期的詩(shī)歌?!抖谈栊小肥侵渭?、軍事家、文學(xué)家曹操的作品。詩(shī)中抓住“憂”字來(lái)寫詩(shī)人為什么“憂”,如何解“憂”,從而表達(dá)希望能夠招攬人才、完成統(tǒng)一天下的雄心壯志。所以本單元安排《短歌行》一詩(shī),對(duì)學(xué)生全面了解曹操,感受曹操在短暫的人生中竭力創(chuàng)造偉業(yè)的氣概。二、說(shuō)學(xué)生我這一課的教學(xué)對(duì)象是高一學(xué)生。他們進(jìn)入高中學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間只有三個(gè)多月,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了必修(一)的學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)了現(xiàn)代詩(shī)歌單元,有了一定的詩(shī)歌學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ),初步掌握了讀詩(shī)的基本方法,但是還未能形成成熟的穩(wěn)定的學(xué)習(xí)方式。同時(shí),本單元學(xué)習(xí)是高中第一次接觸古代詩(shī)歌,詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言上的障礙和時(shí)間上的跨度對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)都是學(xué)習(xí)上的困難。因此教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí),合作學(xué)習(xí),為他們?cè)O(shè)置新的學(xué)習(xí)情境,提供合作探究的機(jī)會(huì)。
請(qǐng)一位朗誦水平較好的學(xué)生,有感情的朗讀課文12自然段,其他同學(xué)完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù):這一段可否去掉?為什么?學(xué)生思考、圈畫、交流、討論,然后小組發(fā)言,其他小組補(bǔ)充,教師從旁予以點(diǎn)撥,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步明確作者的思想情感。明確:作者要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一種文化氛圍,于自然氣息之外再添一重文化氣息,與“故都”題旨暗合。從行文章法上看,這里是宕開(kāi)文筆,縱橫議論,顯出深厚的文化底蘊(yùn)和開(kāi)闊的思路。這一段采用議論,通過(guò)古今中外的引證,說(shuō)明感秋處處有,中國(guó)文人最突出,而秋“深味”非在中國(guó)北方莫屬,這其實(shí)還是為了突出故都之秋。(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:提高學(xué)生探究的能力,充分把握本文的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,深刻體悟作者的情感,了解作者對(duì)秋的禮贊情感,從而突破教學(xué)難點(diǎn)。)
學(xué)法指導(dǎo):高一學(xué)生對(duì)文言文閱讀已具備了一些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和積累,但對(duì)如何學(xué)習(xí)文言文,還是一個(gè)新課題,因此教師應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法,運(yùn)用已有的知識(shí)框架同化新信息,建立新的智能,逐步走向獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)的境界。一、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用課文注釋,使用工具書自己翻譯,必要時(shí)教師進(jìn)行點(diǎn)撥、解難,培養(yǎng)自學(xué)能力。二、告訴學(xué)生翻譯文言文要遵循的原則。三、調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生思考、討論、交流的積極性,教師適時(shí)點(diǎn)撥,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的能力。四、提示學(xué)生反復(fù)誦讀課文,體會(huì)文章所闡述的道理。五、鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生及時(shí)歸納學(xué)習(xí)文言文的方法,注意積累文言文知識(shí)。教學(xué)程序:教學(xué)本課可安排2課時(shí)。第一課時(shí):1、導(dǎo)入新課:首先給學(xué)生介紹毛澤東的七絕詩(shī)《為李進(jìn)同志題所攝廬山仙人洞照》:“暮色蒼??磩潘?,亂云飛渡仍從容。天生一個(gè)仙人洞,無(wú)限風(fēng)光在險(xiǎn)峰?!睂W(xué)生通過(guò)誦讀領(lǐng)會(huì)了“無(wú)限風(fēng)光在險(xiǎn)峰”一句的含義。隨后因勢(shì)利導(dǎo),引出課題,指出今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)的王安石的《游褒禪山記》,就含有類似的深邃哲理。