①2014年年中,世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)公布了《2013年全球氣候狀況報告》。報告顯示,2013年全球陸地和海洋表面平均溫度為14.5℃,比1961-1990年的平均溫度升高0.5℃。自有溫度記錄以來,全球14個最熱年份中有13個出現(xiàn)在本世紀(jì),而過去30年中每個10年都比前十年更熱。②厄爾尼諾是發(fā)生在熱帶太平洋上海溫異常增暖的氣候現(xiàn)象,大范圍熱帶太平洋增暖會造成全球氣候變化。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)70年代后,全球出現(xiàn)的異常天氣,都有范圍廣、災(zāi)情重、時間長等特點(diǎn),而在這一系列異常天氣的背后,厄爾尼諾暖流都起著重要作用。
青蒿素治療瘧疾效果顯著,是抵抗瘧疾耐藥性最好的藥物。中國發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素時,美國也研制出一種抗瘧新藥—化學(xué)合成的甲氟喹,但瘧原蟲很快就適應(yīng)了它,產(chǎn)生耐藥性,臨床使用后患者還出現(xiàn)了明顯的不良反應(yīng)。而對于青蒿素這種從中草藥中提取的藥物,瘧原蟲對它完全沒有抵抗能力。1976 年1月,柬埔寨爆發(fā)瘧疾,因瘧原蟲已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生耐藥性,疫情一時難以控制。中國醫(yī)療隊(duì)攜帶一批青蒿素在柬埔寨大顯神威,挽救了一大批瘧疾患者的生命。
隨著自己的不斷長大,發(fā)現(xiàn)我們身上的責(zé)任也越來越大,因?yàn)槲覀兪切聲r代的青年,我們要做好自己的責(zé)任,要努力學(xué)習(xí)。都說我們是垮掉的一代,實(shí)際上并不是,我們是抗疫的主力軍,沖在最前面為國家人民保駕護(hù)航! 共青團(tuán)建團(tuán)百年作為新時代的的青年,我們要樹立愛國主義精神,國家的前途,民族的命運(yùn),人民的幸福,是當(dāng)代中國青年必須和必將承擔(dān)的重任?! ∫员阋院鬄閲液腿嗣瘾I(xiàn)上自己的一份力,在不遠(yuǎn)的將來我們國家會越來越好,中華民族屹立于世界民族之林,實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。
本章是第三章第一節(jié)的開端,學(xué)生在第二節(jié)已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了元素的組成和一些生物大分子,本節(jié)課內(nèi)容是學(xué)會使用顯微鏡,這是生物學(xué)習(xí)過程中最為重要的一種手段之一。對于今后的實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)有著極其重要的作用。 學(xué)生中大部分同學(xué)在初中階段都有接觸過光學(xué)顯微鏡,所以在學(xué)習(xí)理論知識的時候能夠順利的進(jìn)行,但因?yàn)閷W(xué)校的條件有限,不能保證同學(xué)們進(jìn)行顯微鏡的實(shí)驗(yàn),本節(jié)課結(jié)合學(xué)生情況和實(shí)際情況,采用圖片和模型展示的方法進(jìn)行。 知識與能力 1、概述細(xì)胞學(xué)說建立的過程。 2、概述細(xì)胞學(xué)說的內(nèi)容和意義。 3、學(xué)習(xí)制作臨時玻片標(biāo)本,使用顯微鏡和繪圖的能。
師:分析得非常到位。大家來看看薛寶釵是怎么說的?薛寶釵的評論:“不像吟月了,月字底下放一個‘色’字倒還使得,你看句句倒是月色。這也罷了,原來詩從胡說來,再遲幾天就好了?!鄙海ㄗx第三首詩)“精華欲掩料應(yīng)難,影自娟娟魄自寒。一片砧敲千里白,半輪雞唱五更殘。綠蓑江上秋聞笛,紅袖樓頭夜倚欄。博得嫦娥應(yīng)借問,緣何不使永團(tuán)圓!”這首詩語言很樸實(shí),但意境很深遠(yuǎn)。我雖然讀過《紅樓夢》這本書,也看過電視劇,但我閱歷太淺,說不出詩中所包含的深刻內(nèi)涵。師:賈寶玉的評論:“這首不但好,而且新巧有意趣,可知俗語說的‘天下無難事,只怕有心人。2.意識的形式是主觀的意識是人腦對客觀存在的反映,意識是不是僅僅是人腦對客觀存在原原本本的反映呢?“龍、鳳”是中華民族的象征,是炎黃子孫的兩大主要圖騰,但地球上從來就沒有出現(xiàn)過“龍、鳳”,那么“龍、鳳”的觀念又是從何而來的呢?原來,“龍、鳳”的觀念最早產(chǎn)生于原始社會的圖騰崇拜。、
1、課題引入:我設(shè)計以提問哲學(xué)到底是什么?的問題激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣。我設(shè)計典型事例,通過學(xué)生討論,教師總結(jié)的形式,并得出其實(shí)哲學(xué)就在我們身邊。2、講授新課:(35分鐘)通過教材第一目的講解,讓學(xué)生明白,生活和學(xué)習(xí)中有許多蘊(yùn)涵哲學(xué)道理的故事,表明哲學(xué)并不神秘總結(jié)并過渡:生活也離不開哲學(xué),哲學(xué)可以是我正確看待自然、人生、和社會的發(fā)展,從而指導(dǎo)人們正確的認(rèn)識和改造世界。整個過程將伴隨著多媒體影像資料和生生對話討論以提高學(xué)生的積極性。3、課堂反饋,知識遷移。最后對本科課進(jìn)行小結(jié),鞏固重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn),將本課的哲學(xué)知識遷移到與生活相關(guān)的例子,實(shí)現(xiàn)對知識的升華以及學(xué)生的再次創(chuàng)新;可使學(xué)生更深刻地理解重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),為下一框?qū)W習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備。
(3)一切從實(shí)際出發(fā)、實(shí)事求是在講授這部分內(nèi)容時,同樣繼續(xù)利用長城的例子來說明,古人正是經(jīng)過實(shí)地的考察得出最佳的建造地點(diǎn)等,結(jié)合了當(dāng)?shù)禺?dāng)時的實(shí)際來建造長城,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生得出從實(shí)際出發(fā),實(shí)事求是的結(jié)論。3、課程小結(jié):本節(jié)的所有內(nèi)容已經(jīng)講授完畢了,為了讓學(xué)生更好地鞏固本節(jié)課所學(xué)的知識,我會利用板書為學(xué)生梳理本節(jié)的重點(diǎn)條框內(nèi)容。這樣能夠幫助學(xué)生理清思路明確各知識點(diǎn)的關(guān)系。4、作業(yè):我會要求同學(xué)在課后以某一個事例(如:一件事情、一棟建筑、一輛汽車等)為例,來寫出著個事例中體現(xiàn)我們今天所講課的內(nèi)容的知識點(diǎn)。七、說教學(xué)理念我的教學(xué)理念是以傳統(tǒng)的教授法與范例教學(xué)法就相結(jié)合的教學(xué)方法為主,充分利用多媒體的教學(xué)手段,結(jié)合事例來講解知識,在上課過程中充分調(diào)動同學(xué)的積極性來講解知識。我的說課完畢,不足之處望各位老師給予指正!
一、 教材分析1、地位和作用《文化創(chuàng)新的途徑》是人教版教材高二政治必修3第二單元第五課第二個框題內(nèi)容,本課是對全面兩課的一個提升,同時對接下來學(xué)習(xí)第三、四單元的知識具有指導(dǎo)作用。文化創(chuàng)新是一個社會熱點(diǎn),具有很強(qiáng)的思想理論性和探索實(shí)踐性。在前面兩課中,學(xué)生基本明確了文化的交流、傳播和發(fā)展;也明白了文化的繼承和發(fā)展需要創(chuàng)新。而怎樣進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新是本節(jié)課探討的內(nèi)容,也是本單元的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)。2、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)知識與能力目標(biāo):①識計文化創(chuàng)新的途徑;理解文化創(chuàng)新過程中要認(rèn)識和處理好兩對基本關(guān)系:當(dāng)代文化與傳統(tǒng)文化、民族文化和外來文化的關(guān)系;②使學(xué)生初步具備認(rèn)識和處理當(dāng)代文化與傳統(tǒng)文化、民族文化與外來文化關(guān)系的能力;使學(xué)生具備在合作、探究中體驗(yàn)生活、生成認(rèn)識、構(gòu)建知識的能力。
(2).教學(xué)手段為了使我根據(jù)教材而設(shè)計的三個教學(xué)目標(biāo)以及重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)得以的突出和突破,達(dá)到最大化的展示境界,同時也為了配合以上我選擇的四種教法得以完滿實(shí)現(xiàn),我決定采用“多媒體”教學(xué)手段進(jìn)行全程教學(xué)。利用電腦的信息容量大,操作簡便等優(yōu)點(diǎn),形象生動的直觀展示教學(xué)內(nèi)容,不但提高學(xué)習(xí)效率和質(zhì)量,而且容易激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和調(diào)動學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。四、說學(xué)法我為學(xué)生設(shè)計了三個學(xué)習(xí)方法:1.讓學(xué)生學(xué)會在探究中學(xué)。通過“對黑人嚴(yán)酷處境的探究”和對文中重點(diǎn)語句的探究,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在探究中學(xué)習(xí)的能力。2.讓學(xué)生學(xué)會在讀中學(xué)。通過“誦讀法”指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在誦讀過程中感受演講詞內(nèi)在的魅力,學(xué)會在讀中學(xué)。3.讓學(xué)生學(xué)會在練習(xí)中學(xué)。通過“課外延伸練習(xí)法”,對所學(xué)的知識進(jìn)行運(yùn)用,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新和自學(xué)能力。
一、說教材1.教材分析《涉江采芙蓉》是新人教版必修二第二單元《古詩三首》中的一首?!豆旁娛攀住吩谥袊糯姼璧乃囆g(shù)手法上起著承前啟后的作用,在高中語文古詩教學(xué)中也起著承前啟后的作用。這首古體詩不論是藝術(shù)上,還是在思想上都已經(jīng)達(dá)到了十分純熟的境界。因此,它十分重要。2.說學(xué)情這首詩歌在內(nèi)容上難度不大,可以做多角度解讀。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鼓勵學(xué)生作個性化解讀,我們可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生就此作些探討。學(xué)生通過小學(xué)、初中的系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)和本冊古詩部分的集中學(xué)習(xí),有了一定的古詩鑒賞能力,對源遠(yuǎn)流長的中華文化也有了一些積淀,興趣漸濃,這是進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生熱愛古代詩歌、學(xué)習(xí)古代詩歌的一個前提。3.教學(xué)目標(biāo)依據(jù)學(xué)生特點(diǎn),教材特色以及新課標(biāo)的要求,制定教學(xué)目標(biāo)如下:(用多媒體展示)1、了解關(guān)于《古詩十九首》的文學(xué)常識;2、感受詩歌的思想內(nèi)涵;3、運(yùn)用想象描摹詩歌的藝術(shù)畫面。
一、說教材《短歌行》是普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書必修(二)第二單元的一篇略讀課文,本單元安排的是先秦到南北朝時期的詩歌?!抖谈栊小肥侵渭?、軍事家、文學(xué)家曹操的作品。詩中抓住“憂”字來寫詩人為什么“憂”,如何解“憂”,從而表達(dá)希望能夠招攬人才、完成統(tǒng)一天下的雄心壯志。所以本單元安排《短歌行》一詩,對學(xué)生全面了解曹操,感受曹操在短暫的人生中竭力創(chuàng)造偉業(yè)的氣概。二、說學(xué)生我這一課的教學(xué)對象是高一學(xué)生。他們進(jìn)入高中學(xué)習(xí)的時間只有三個多月,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了必修(一)的學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)了現(xiàn)代詩歌單元,有了一定的詩歌學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ),初步掌握了讀詩的基本方法,但是還未能形成成熟的穩(wěn)定的學(xué)習(xí)方式。同時,本單元學(xué)習(xí)是高中第一次接觸古代詩歌,詩歌語言上的障礙和時間上的跨度對他們來說都是學(xué)習(xí)上的困難。因此教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí),合作學(xué)習(xí),為他們設(shè)置新的學(xué)習(xí)情境,提供合作探究的機(jī)會。
1、教材的地位作用本課是新人教版普通高中歷史必修Ⅱ第六單元第18課的內(nèi)容,闡述羅斯福新政的背景、措施、影響。從單元知識安排看,本課與第17課《空前嚴(yán)重的資本主義世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)》、19課《戰(zhàn)后資本主義的新變化》共同詮釋第六單元課題——《資本主義世界經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的調(diào)整》。說明了“資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和政策隨著資本主義發(fā)展而不斷調(diào)整的特點(diǎn)”,凸顯了“市場調(diào)節(jié)”和“國家干預(yù)”在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的重要性。從知識體系看,它是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了第一次工業(yè)革命后自由資本主義、第二次工業(yè)革命后的壟斷資本主義等之后出現(xiàn)的,既是對上述知識的鞏固與綜合運(yùn)用,又為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)必修二的相關(guān)內(nèi)容打下基礎(chǔ),有承上啟下的作用。本課三個子目從邏輯上看又是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。第一個子目“臨危受命”承上啟下,說明了羅斯福上臺的歷史背景具有臨危受命的特點(diǎn),第二個子目“實(shí)施新政”講述了羅斯福新政的主要內(nèi)容,第三個子目“擺托危機(jī)困境”主要講述了羅斯福新政的影響。
Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure:
Purpose of my design:To ask the students to do these two tasks will make the Ss predict the story of this passage. As a result, it will deepen Ss’ memory of this story because they will have their own understanding of this story.Step 3. While-readingTask 1. (Individual work _____min)Skimming: ask students to skim the text and the main ideas of each paragraph in this passage. Please read it quickly and then match the sentences with the letters.Task 2. (Individual work _____min)Scanning: read the text quickly and decide the whether the following statements are true or false and give reasons.Task 3. (Pair work _____min)Listen to the tape and fill in the banks. Then read the paragraph with expression to your partner.Task4 (individual work min)Listen to the tape again and write down the main idea in one sentence.Purpose of my design: Enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills. And proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning. “Task-based” teaching method is used here todevelop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trainedStep 4. Post-readingTask 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; _____min)Discussion (group of 4):1. If you were Hippomenes, would you run against Atlanta?2. Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? Why or why not?Step 5. HomeworkPlease read the story again carefully after class and imagine: What will happen during the race between Hippomenes and Atlanta? Who do you think will win the race? Do you think Atlanta would marry Hippomenes? Write an end for the story with thses questions.Purpose of my design: Homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. It will check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.Part 5 Blackboard design
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)總結(jié)林巧稚的人生原則和人格品質(zhì)特征;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對人生抉擇發(fā)表自己的看法;能否全面地、客觀地、理性地看待問題,進(jìn)而對道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
The joke set her crying.這個玩笑使她哭起來。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語語和狀語語的功能和意義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否正確使用動詞-ing形式描述人物的行為、動作及其經(jīng)歷;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過人物言行的對比分析道德故事的深層內(nèi)涵;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)故事的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果來深入理解故事的情節(jié),從而了解文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu);4、結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活案例發(fā)表自己的見解和看法,寫一篇觀點(diǎn)明確、層次分明的故事評論。
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過說話人所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容、說話的語氣、語調(diào)等來判斷其態(tài)度和情緒;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對具體的道德困境發(fā)表自己的看法和見解,能否掌握聽力理訓(xùn)練中的聽力策略。
(明確:“寡人之于國也,盡心焉耳矣”,但“寡人之民不加多,何也?”)②他認(rèn)為自己對國家政務(wù)盡心盡力了,他有哪些具體做法?(明確:移民移粟)③第2—4節(jié)中孟子是怎樣說明梁惠王移民移粟的措施與“鄰國之政”并無本質(zhì)區(qū)別的?(明確:孟子不直接回答“民不加多”的問題,而是用梁惠王熟悉的“戰(zhàn)”設(shè)喻——設(shè)圈套,誘使對方在不知不覺中說出“不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也?!保苊献诱J(rèn)為怎樣才能做到“王道之始”?要想“王道之成”還需采取哪些措施?(明確:“不違農(nóng)時,谷不可勝食也。數(shù)罟不入氵夸池,魚鱉不可勝食也。斧斤以時入山林,材木不可勝用也。谷與魚鱉不可勝食,材木不可勝用五畝之宅,樹之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣。雞豚狗彘之畜,無失其時,七十者可以食肉矣。百畝之田,勿奪其時,數(shù)口之家,可以無饑矣。謹(jǐn)庫序之教,申之以孝涕之義,頒白者不負(fù)戴于道路矣。)這一小步的目的是想讓學(xué)生通過這些問題的解答,可以進(jìn)一步理清思路,掌握文的大概內(nèi)容。
3、重要語句的理解“可是一個人并不是生來要給打敗的,你盡可把它消滅掉,可就是打不敗他?!苯馕觯哼@是老人第一次回合之后的內(nèi)心獨(dú)白,也是此小說的核心精神,充分體現(xiàn)了老人桑地亞哥的生命理念。整句話可以分為兩部分來理解,前句告訴我們,人生活在自然與社會當(dāng)中,必不可少要面臨一些坎坷、磨難,這些磨難、坎坷完全可以造成軀體的消滅、消亡,這是人生命的脆弱性。后句,面對挫折,只要保持一種樂觀的精神,擁有一顆堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的心靈,那么,人類執(zhí)著奮斗的精神將永不磨滅。4、象征主義題目是《老人與海》,而表明上,小說是寫一位老人及其在海上的經(jīng)歷,但實(shí)際上,老人的形象極具概括性,他已經(jīng)超越了一個人的存在,而成為了人生的一種象征。老人桑地亞哥就是“硬漢子”的代表,大海則是生命旅途的象征,鯊魚則是我們行走中的“強(qiáng)物”,厄運(yùn)的象征。人的一生不可能一帆風(fēng)順,不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨,怎能見彩虹,走在人生路途中,不可避免我們都要遇到挫折,被厄運(yùn)所阻撓,只有經(jīng)歷與“鯊魚”的較量,才能成為強(qiáng)者,唱出最美的歌。