(2)個性化的對話描寫。在三個事件的描述中,大段對話占了很大篇幅,有的情節(jié)干脆由對話來表達,許多對話形象地表現(xiàn)了人物的思想和性格,使我們?nèi)缏勂渎?,如見其人。先說藺相如,他在秦廷上的慷慨陳詞,有時語氣平和,謙恭有禮,使對方放松警惕;有時直言斥責,有理有據(jù),雄辯折人;有時堅決表態(tài),分析利害,暗示對方;有時怒不可遏,咄咄逼人??傊?,詞鋒犀利,剛柔兼施,而又輕重恰當,充分表現(xiàn)了他是一個熱愛祖國、不畏強暴、有智有勇,長于辭令的外交家。再說廉頗,在將相交歡事件中,他先前說的這一番話,表現(xiàn)了他的自高自大和心胸狹窄,非常符合武將廉頗的性格特點,后來寫他知過改過,負荊請罪時說:“鄙賤之人,不知將軍寬之至此也!”語言不多,坦誠直率,可敬可愛。(解說:對話描寫的分析,宜以學生為主,教師必要時適當點撥。)
【教學過程】第一課時一、導入新課清代唐彪在《讀書作文譜》中引用武叔卿的話說:“文章有一筆寫成不加點綴而工者,此神到之文,尚矣。其次須精思細改,如文章草創(chuàng)已定,便從頭至尾—一標點?!蓖瑢W們能列舉出文學史上的作家哪些屬于前者,哪些屬于后者嗎?前者有李白。后者如賈島、王安石、歐陽修、曹雪芹等。(賈島有關于推敲的典故。王安石修改“春風又綠江南岸”句傳為佳話。歐陽修《醉翁亭記》的開頭便是精心改成的?!都t樓夢》更是“披閱十載,增刪五次?!保┨釂枺汗沤竦膫ゴ笞骷覟槭裁聪窭畎资降脑娙撕苌?,而大多數(shù)人卻都要“咬文嚼字”,苦苦修改呢?這節(jié)課我們就來研究一下這個問題。二、整體感知1.快速瀏覽全文,熟悉主要內(nèi)容。2.根據(jù)“學習重點”,確立學習目標。三、課文分析1.理清觀點與材料的關系。首先,讓學生找出本文在論證中所運用的材料。
2.【提問】《醉花陰》反映的是早年丈夫趙明誠游宦在外,作者一個人留在家中的生活狀況和內(nèi)心感受。對于這樣的“閨怨”題材,應當怎樣評價呢?【明確】作者作為一個封建時代的婦女,能夠坦率地表達出自己對于丈夫深深的思戀之情,描寫了閨中生活的孤獨寂寞,這在當時乃是一種很大膽的行為。所以,有人批評說:李清照作詞是“無顧忌”地“肆意落筆”。其實,感情的充沛、真摯,敢于正面地展露自己的行為和內(nèi)心世界,正是她創(chuàng)作成功的重要原因之一,也正是她的詞最值得珍視的地方。3.【提問】古人常常愛用花比喻人之美貌,如“芙蓉如面柳如眉”,“人面桃花相映紅”等,而李清照卻說“人比黃花瘦”,這樣的比喻有什么豐富的內(nèi)涵?【明確】黃色的菊花不止外形上雅淡、清秀,與作者因相思而消瘦的體態(tài)相近,而且在菊花品格的傳統(tǒng)象征意義上,也酷似作者清高、淡泊的精神,這樣的比喻正比較恰切地反映了當時作者由于離開丈夫而孤獨、愁悶的生活狀態(tài)和內(nèi)心情感。
(一)上片:描寫杭州的自然風光和都市的繁華“東南形勝,三吳都會,錢塘自古繁華”,“東南形勝”,是從地理條件、自然條件著筆寫的。杭州地處東南,地理位置很重要,風景很優(yōu)美,故曰:“形勝”?!叭齾嵌紩?,是從社會條件著筆寫的。它是三吳地區(qū)的重要都市,那里人眾薈萃,財貨聚集,故曰:“都會”?!板X塘自古繁華”,這一句是對前兩句的總結,因為杭州具有這些特殊條件,所以“自古繁華”。下面就對“形勝”、“都會”和“自古繁華”進行鋪敘。“煙柳畫橋,風簾翠幕,參差十萬人家”是對“三吳都會”的展開描寫?!霸茦淅@堤沙。怒濤卷霜雪,天塹無涯”是對“東南形勝”的展開描寫。這里選擇了錢塘江岸和江潮兩種景物來寫。“市列珠璣,戶盈羅綺,競豪奢”是對“錢塘自古繁華”的展開描寫。描寫了兩個方面:一是商業(yè)貿(mào)易情況——“市列珠璣”,只用市場上的珍寶,代表了商業(yè)的豐富、商業(yè)的繁榮;二是衣著情況——“戶盈羅綺”,家家披羅著錦?!案偤郎荨?,又總括杭州的種種繁華景象。
【備課資料】百團大戰(zhàn)八路軍從8月20日起,在華北敵后出動105個團,約40萬兵力,在2500公里長的戰(zhàn)線上,發(fā)動了規(guī)模最大的“以徹底破壞正太路若干要隘,消滅部分敵人截斷該線交通”為目的的舉世聞名的“百團大戰(zhàn)”。八路軍提出“不留一根鐵軌、不留一根枕木、不留一個車站、不留一個碉堡、不留一座橋梁”的口號,“讓敵人用腳同我們賽跑”,“讓敵人用牛驢搬炮彈、飛機大炮”。八路軍展開攻堅戰(zhàn),端掉敵一系列據(jù)點。據(jù)有關資料記載,從8月20日到12月5日,在歷時三個半月的“百四大戰(zhàn)”中,我軍共進行大小戰(zhàn)斗1824次,斃傷日偽軍25800余人,俘日偽軍18600余人,繳獲了大批武器、彈藥和軍用食品等;破壞鐵路470多公里,公路1500多公里,橋梁、車站、隧道等260余處,使正太鐵路停運月余;攻克日偽據(jù)點2993個,鞏固和擴大了抗日軍民占領區(qū)。
【課后研討】當互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正大踏步走進人類生活的時候,人們對網(wǎng)絡作用的認識似乎還是模糊不清。一種意見認為,作為中學生,他們上網(wǎng)的機會很多,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)向他們展示了各類知識結構,網(wǎng)絡為他們提供了大量信息,又給他們提供了一個接觸社會的個性化和國際化的空間,給了他們一個展示自身能力的大舞臺,所以他們對于知識選擇的靈活性大大增加,學習的主動性也大大提高,學習的內(nèi)容自然大大超出了狹隘的課本范圍,這對于學生能力的提高應是大有裨益的。另一種意見認為,網(wǎng)絡的出現(xiàn)無疑為推進素質教育提供了一塊綠洲.但部分中學生上網(wǎng)更多的是為了消遣和娛樂,因為網(wǎng)絡--這個完全虛擬的世界是他們放松自己的最佳場所。同時也許正基于這一點,家長和師長才會對中學生上網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)不同程度的抵制,因為他們認為網(wǎng)上娛樂分散了他們過多的精力,會對學業(yè)造成影響;更為重要的是,他們害怕網(wǎng)絡上的不良信息對他們的身心不利。
【教學參考】對“新政”作用的評價史學界對“新政”作用的評價是仁者見仁、智者見智,但基本上有三種觀點,即“功大于過論”、“過大于功論”和“功過參半論”。持“功大于過論”者認為“新政”在美國歷史上基本上是一種進步現(xiàn)象,首先,“新政”挽救了危機,使美國人民擺脫了危機的困苦局面;其次,在缺少足夠的宏觀經(jīng)濟政策知識的時代,羅斯福所做的努力確實是開創(chuàng)性的;再次,羅斯?!靶抡遍_啟了美國以后歷屆政府實施國家干預政策的大門,成為緩解自由主義經(jīng)濟制度之弊病的一劑良方,并在實質上加強了美國聯(lián)邦政府的權威;最后,在30年代資本主義世界經(jīng)濟危機的背景下,同日本、德國為轉嫁危機而發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的策略相比,“新政”無疑代表了一種進步、民主的解救危機方式。持“過大于功論”者認為“新政”未能使美國走出蕭條、步入繁榮。
(三)課堂總結、點評 本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了價格變動對人們生活、生產(chǎn)的影響作用,主要知識框架如下:(1)、價格變動會影響人們的消費需求,商品價格上漲,人需求就減少,反之,則增大。價格變動對不同商品需求影響程度是不一樣的,對生活必需品的需求量影響較小,對高檔耐用品的需求量影響較大。相關商品價格變動對消費需求的影響不同,某種商品價格上漲,就會減少需求量,其替代品需求量增加,其互補品需求量則減少。(2)、價格變化也會影響生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營,價格變動會調節(jié)生產(chǎn),刺激生產(chǎn)者改進技術,提高勞動生產(chǎn)率,促使生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)適銷對路的高質量產(chǎn)品?!镎n余作業(yè) 運用所學知識說明,價格變動為什么會促使生產(chǎn)者提高勞動生產(chǎn)率?★教學體會 本節(jié)學習內(nèi)容,教學中注意多引用生活、市場中的實際例子,讓學生在具體、感性材料中,感悟其中包含的經(jīng)濟學道理,學會獨立分析,切忌機械記憶。
貸款消費不僅滿足了消費者的生活需要,提高了消費者的生活質量,而且促進了經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,特別是我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進入買方市場后,貸款消費對擴大內(nèi)需,拉動經(jīng)濟的增長起來重要的作用。所以,我們要轉變傳統(tǒng)的消費觀念,以積極的態(tài)度來對待貸款消費,通過貸款消費滿足來滿足當前的需要,通過生活質量。當然,在貸款消費是也要考慮自己的償還能力,還要講究信用,按時還貸。(3)按消費的目的不同,可分為生存資料消費、發(fā)展資料消費和享受資料消費。其中生存資料消費是最基本的消費。隨著經(jīng)濟水平的提高,發(fā)展資料和享受資料消費將逐漸增加。3、消費結構 教師活動:引導學生看書,指出(1)消費結構的含義:就是指人們各類消費支出在消費總支出中所占的比重。教師活動:引導學生分析個人及家庭消費狀況的變化,說明對消費結構的理解,并總結消費結構的變化特點。學生活動:積極討論,踴躍發(fā)言
(四)反思總結,當堂檢測。本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了價格變動對人們生活、生產(chǎn)的影響作用,主要知識框架如下:(1)、價格變動會影響人們的消費需求,商品價格上漲,人需求就減少,反之,則增大。價格變動對不同商品需求影響程度是不一樣的,對生活必需品的需求量影響較小,對高檔耐用品的需求量影響較大。相關商品價格變動對消費需求的影響不同,某種商品價格上漲,就會減少需求量,其替代品需求量增加,其互補品需求量則減少。(2)、價格變化也會影響生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營,價格變動會調節(jié)生產(chǎn),刺激生產(chǎn)者改進技術,提高勞動生產(chǎn)率,促使生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)適銷對路的高 質量產(chǎn)品。(五)發(fā)導學案、布置預習。預習第三課第一框《消費及其類型》,完成預習導學案練習題九、板書設計《價格變動的影響》1、對人們生活的影響(1)商品價格變動與消費需求量之間的關系(2)不同商品的需求量對價格變動的反應程度不同
二、做理智的消費者1、量入為出,適度消費2、避免盲從,理性消費3、保護環(huán)境,綠色消費4、勤儉節(jié)約,艱苦奮斗十、教學反思本課的設計采用了課前下發(fā)預習學案,學生預習本節(jié)內(nèi)容,找出自己迷惑的地方。課堂上師生主要解決重點、難點、疑點、考點、探究點以及學生學習過程中易忘、易混點等,最后進行當堂檢測,課后進行延伸拓展,以達到提高課堂效率的目的。這節(jié)課我們主要學習了影響人們消費的幾種消費心理和幾種科學的消費觀。本節(jié)課與學生生活十分貼近所以這節(jié)課充分的調動了學生學習的興趣和積極性,并且讓學生針對案例進行充分的分組討論分析,通過學生的展示分析和補充可以知道學生們不但深層次分析了教學原理也透徹理解了教學重難點大大提高了課堂效率.。通過案例的分析進一步領會了教材原理突破了本節(jié)課的難點——樹立正確的消費觀。整堂課學生求知旺盛,復雜的知識變得簡單化,從閱讀教材到獨立思考分析再到合作討論最后的展示質疑答疑,加深了印象,提高了能力。
1、外匯與外幣的關系:(1)外匯包括外幣,但外匯不等于就是外幣。外幣是指外國的貨幣,包括外國的紙幣、鑄幣;外匯通常是以外國貨幣表示的用于國際間結算的支付手段,具體包括外幣、外幣有價證券、外幣支付憑證等。(2)外幣屬于外匯的范圍,但不能把二者等同起來。通常情況下,只有可以自由兌換的外幣才是外匯,因為外匯的實質是國際支付手段,如果某種貨幣不能自由兌換,它就不能成為國際支付手段。外匯執(zhí)行的 主要是貨幣的支付手段的職能。(3)持有外匯意味著對外匯發(fā)行國擁有債權。持有外匯過多,一方面意味著國際支付能力強和有可能對外匯發(fā)行國施加影響;另一方面則意味著大量該由本國享受的資源,被借給外國利用,并要承擔外匯貶值的風險。2、關于幣值變化的分析:(1)對貨幣升值的具體分析:一個國家的貨幣升值(上浮)后,同量的這種貨幣能比以前換 取更多的他國貨幣,買到更多的他國商品。
(形容詞短語most beautiful的構成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語在句中作定語修飾名詞bird)④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能讓你真正高興的人。(形容詞短語really happy的構成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語在句中作賓語補足語)[即學即練]畫出下例句中的形容詞短語并指明構成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.構成形式: 副詞+形容詞(1)Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(2)The road is long enough.(3)The medicine is good for stomach.三、副詞短語(Adverb Phrases)副詞短語:指以一個副詞為中心構成的短語,在句中的功能相當于副詞,可以修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。常見副詞短語的構成形式有:(副詞)+副詞如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在這里工作。(副詞短語here yesterday修飾動詞did)②Bill did the work very well.比爾做的這份工作很好。副詞短語very well修飾動詞did③We are all entirely responsible for our action(副詞短語all entirely, 修飾形容詞短語responsible for)
無論她說什么都不會對我們的安排有影響。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母為孩子安排好一切,不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。4. extremely adv 極其,非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)找工作極其困難。給你添了麻煩,我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的紅色車廂,結果證明它非常受大眾的歡迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking單句寫作:1. _______________ (你要說些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我們?yōu)檫@些事情做好了準備), we have nothing to worry about.
【教材分析】高考聽力材料的選用非常重視語言真實性和交際性的原則,語言材料一般來源于實際生活,對話的內(nèi)容大都取材于日常生活,即衣、食、住、行、工作、學習、天氣、生活環(huán)境等話題,可分為校園、公共場所、家庭等方面,如: shopping, finding the way, doing one’s homework, seeing a doctor, making a phone call, weather report, asking for different kinds of information等。新教材的特點就是利用生活中真實文本,只是降低難度,讓學生注重語言的應用,將是我們高考把握方向的重要因素?!窘虒W目標與核心素養(yǎng)】學習能力目標:在聽力當中,學生應該有效規(guī)劃學習方法,選擇恰當?shù)牟呗耘c方法。這節(jié)課的訓練目標是讓學生有正確的預測和抓住問題的關鍵信息,從而用心去聽來找尋關鍵信息。根據(jù)生活中實際情況和高考常見語境,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)提前預測和抓住題干中的w很重要,即what, where, when, why等等。
II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “l(fā)ink verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.
Step 3: Read to sum upRead it again and sum up the problems of the three students, and then write down the advice that was given from others.Step 4: Work in pairs. List your learning problems in English and brainstorm some useful advice.Useful expressions ? I don't know how to…... Is a big difficulty for me. I cannot ...? You might try …. It's very important to…? I have no idea how/what .My biggest problem is .... ? I (also) have trouble with. My advice is …. This worked for me.? l cannot understand the teachers’ English in class.Step 5 Homework:為提高我校學生的英語口語水平,我們將舉辦英語演講比賽(English- speaking contest),請你根據(jù)下面的信息,以學生會(the Students‘ Union)的名義寫一份海報,歡迎全校同學參加,屆時特邀本校美籍教師史密斯先生頒獎。? 報名時間 9月30日以前(報名:signup)? 報名地點 學生會辦公室? 比賽時間 10月9日晚7:00~9:00? 比賽地點 學校大會議室? 獎勵 前8名
Step 2 New WordsUse ppt to show some words from the passage.Tell the students to remember the meanings.Step3 Skimming and Thinking1. Skim the text and decide which order Han Jing follows to talk about her first day. Time order or place order?Time order2. What is Han Jing worried about before she goes to senior high school?She is worried about whether she will make new friends and if no one talks to her, what she should do.Step 4 Fast Reading1. Match the main ideas with each paragraphParagraph 1:The worries about the new school day Paragraph 2Han Jing’s first maths classParagraph 3Han Jing’s first chemistry classParagraph 4Han Jing’s feelings about her first senior school dayStep 5 Careful Reading1. Fill in the chart with the words and phrases about Han Jing’s day. Answers: Senior high school, a little nervous; Her first maths class, classmates and teachers, friendly and helpful; Chemistry lab; new; great; annoying guy; Confident; a lot to explore2. Read the text again and discuss the questions.1) Why did Han Jing feel anxious before school?Because she was a new senior high student and she was not outgoing. What was more, she was worried about whether she can make friends.2) How was her first maths class?It was difficult but the teacher was kind and friendly. 3) What happened in the chemistry class? What would you do if this happened to you? A guy next to Han Jing tried to talk with her and she couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.