一、語文學(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)生自我評價(jià)能力的培養(yǎng)1.營造氛圍,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我評價(jià)的意識(shí)。學(xué)生自我評價(jià)能力是教師長期培養(yǎng)的結(jié)果,而保護(hù)學(xué)生自我評價(jià)的熱情,更是持續(xù)自我評價(jià)的保證。在我們的實(shí)際教育教學(xué)中,教師一直處于評價(jià)的絕對主體,很少去關(guān)注學(xué)生自我評價(jià)意識(shí)和能力的培養(yǎng),學(xué)生常常不理解:為什么要認(rèn)真聽講?為什么書寫要工整、為什么發(fā)言要積極?為什么老師、父母對考試分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)有那么高的要求?當(dāng)前出現(xiàn)的學(xué)生許多諸如“離家出走”、“毒殺親人”等教育、行為、品德方面的問題,我想其中除了家長、教師的評價(jià)意識(shí)和評價(jià)藝術(shù)等原因之外,學(xué)生的自我評價(jià)意識(shí)的缺乏是根本的原因。所以我認(rèn)為,學(xué)生自我評價(jià)意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)刻不容緩。(1)熱情鼓勵(lì),提供成功的心理體驗(yàn)。在教學(xué)過程中,教師要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)、肯定學(xué)生自我評價(jià)的點(diǎn)滴進(jìn)步,對于他們每一點(diǎn)進(jìn)步都要真誠熱情地鼓勵(lì)。讓學(xué)生覺得我這么做,這么想是對的。讓學(xué)生在教師的鼓勵(lì)中體會(huì)到強(qiáng)烈的愛,感受到自己的進(jìn)步,增強(qiáng)自己的信心?!靶娜粼?,夢就在!”教師的熱情鼓勵(lì)是一種強(qiáng)大的催化劑,促使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中樂于自我評價(jià)。
(1)Have you ever been to …? Yes, I have. / Yes, I have ever been to …No, I haven’t. / No, I have never been to …(2)When did you go there? I went there last year. (3)I have never been to a water park. Neither have I. I have ever been to an amusement park. So have I. (4)How long have you been studying English? I’ve been studying English since nine o’clock. I’ve been studying English since I came back home. I’ve been studying English for five hours. (5)What’s that? It’s an amusement park in Japan. I’ve never been to an amusement park like it before. It’s fun to learn another language. Let’s go tonight. Isn’t this great?space museum, amusement park, water park, South America, Peru, Holland, European culture, tour guide, flight attendant, musical instrument, more than, be from, get to, take lessons, neither, discover, graduate, change
"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好!歡迎你!請做一下自我介紹。認(rèn)識(shí)一下你的新同學(xué)。”通常在課上老師會(huì)這樣說。你會(huì)說什么呢?“噢,不!”與陌生人談話太困難了。但是這也很有意思,并且你還能交到朋友。你該怎么做呢?閑聊。閑聊指得是禮貌的對話?!巴蹰且粋€(gè)很棒的乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員,不是嗎?”“我希望自己能認(rèn)識(shí)她,你呢?“今年的雨水很多,不是嗎?”反意疑問句是一種禮貌用語。為了使得談話成功,你應(yīng)該知道怎樣去進(jìn)行閑聊。你還應(yīng)該知道與不同的人該談?wù)撌裁礃拥脑掝}。認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)單元吧,下次在英語課上,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)與大家展開談話是一件很容易的事情,不信我們來試試。)
教學(xué)參考時(shí)間:5分鐘(1)教師課前在教室里藏好一些動(dòng)物和人物的圖片。(2)給全班學(xué)生一分鐘時(shí)間尋找。(3)請找到圖片的學(xué)生根據(jù)圖片上的人物或動(dòng)物正在做的動(dòng)作表演對話。活動(dòng)七:猜一猜教學(xué)參考時(shí)間:5分鐘(1)教師一只手拿一張圖片,另一只手用白紙遮住圖片,一邊慢慢抽動(dòng)白紙,一邊問:What are the…s doing? 學(xué)生用They are…猜圖片中的內(nèi)容。(2)猜對的學(xué)生上臺(tái)主持游戲。(3)教師也可以在白紙上剪幾個(gè)圓洞蓋在圖片上,慢慢移動(dòng)白紙的位置讓學(xué)生猜白紙下面圖片的內(nèi)容。(4)也可以分組利用詞卡做該游戲。4、Consolidation and extension (鞏固與擴(kuò)展)活動(dòng)八:練一練教學(xué)參考時(shí)間:5分鐘(1)活動(dòng)手冊Ask and write. 讓學(xué)生看一看兩個(gè)表格,找規(guī)律做問答,然后再把表格中所缺單詞寫出來。(2)活動(dòng)手冊Let’s find out.讓學(xué)生仔細(xì)觀察兩幅圖找出不同的地方,并用英語表達(dá)出來?;顒?dòng)九:小結(jié)教學(xué)參考時(shí)間:1分鐘本課我們學(xué)習(xí)了如何詢問他、她、它們正在做什么What are they doing? 及回答:They are…5、板書
學(xué)生搜集中外重要節(jié)日及部分中外名人的生日所在的月份。教師準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)節(jié)日及部分中外名人的圖片或音像資料片。教師課前準(zhǔn)備Let’s find out2的配圖畫好春、夏、秋、冬四個(gè)方框。錄音:Listen and number。教學(xué)過程:Warm up (熱身)活動(dòng)一復(fù)習(xí)單詞教學(xué)參考時(shí)間:3分鐘(1)教師播放Let’s chant部分的歌謠,學(xué)生聽一遍后跟唱。(2)出示帶有各個(gè)月份特征的單詞卡片。學(xué)生看圖說出單詞,并一起拼讀其縮寫形式。幫助學(xué)生在有節(jié)奏的說唱中鞏固記憶單詞,為在后面活動(dòng)中學(xué)生能夠熟練應(yīng)用作鋪墊?;顒?dòng)二 復(fù)習(xí)句子教學(xué)參考時(shí)間:5分鐘(1)師生同唱Let’s chant部分歌謠“When Is Your Birthday?”。(2)教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生看歌謠下面的翻滾過山車的動(dòng)畫,師生進(jìn)行問答,如:When is the rabbit’s birthday? It’s in May. 等。教師示范后請學(xué)生進(jìn)行Pair work,也可以展開競賽的形式進(jìn)行“連鎖問答”。鞏固有關(guān)生日問答的語句,為Let’s find out1的活動(dòng)做準(zhǔn)備。
教學(xué)參考時(shí)間:2—3分鐘教師讓學(xué)生說出幾個(gè)家庭成員名稱,如:father, mother, sister, brother, uncle等,自己或讓學(xué)生把單詞寫在黑板的一側(cè),再讓學(xué)生說出幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語的-ing形式,如:washing clothes, writing an e-mail, watching TV等,寫到黑板的另一側(cè)。學(xué)生在家庭成員名稱和動(dòng)詞短語中分別選三至四個(gè),自己編成一首歌謠。課后,可以讓學(xué)生將創(chuàng)作的歌謠進(jìn)行展示或舉行歌謠朗讀比賽。5、Consolidation and extension (擴(kuò)展活動(dòng))活動(dòng)十:知識(shí)擴(kuò)展教學(xué)參考時(shí)間:1—2 分鐘教師讓學(xué)生打開書第54頁Good to know 部分,了解主要國家的緊急救助電話。如:美國,英國,加拿大,澳大利亞等。教師還幫助學(xué)生了解我國的緊急救助電話號(hào)碼。教師可以利用道具電話讓學(xué)生做游戲。活動(dòng)十一:練一練教學(xué)參考時(shí)間:2—3 分鐘做本單元B Let’s talk部分的活動(dòng)手冊第37頁的配套練習(xí)。教師講解題目要求。教師播放錄音,做Listen and number 部分練習(xí)。要求按所聽內(nèi)容在圖上寫出序號(hào)。再次播放,讓學(xué)生按錄音內(nèi)容填空。鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生自己讀讀所寫句子。
學(xué)生初步了解對話內(nèi)容,在描述中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語言運(yùn)用能力。(2)教師讓學(xué)生自己閱讀本部分對話,不理解的生詞和句子可以和同學(xué)或老師共同商討。(3)教師幫助學(xué)生理解句子:“The weather report says it’s going to rain tomorrow. I can’t play football in the rain. I can’t go hiking, either. Let’s watch TV together.”出示圖片:1) 晴天,Zoom在踢足球,圖下顯示:today;2)天在下雨,Zoom和Zip在屋里看電視,圖下顯示:tomorrow。與學(xué)生展開對話T:What’s the weather like today? S:It’s fine/ sunny. T:What does the weather report say about tomorrow?S:It’s going to rain.T:The weather report says it’s going to rain tomorrow.(呈現(xiàn)句子)(學(xué)生重復(fù)句子The weather report says it’s going to rain tomorrow.,并說出意思。)T:Can you play football in the rain?S:No,I can’t.T:Can you go hiking ?S:No,I can’t.T:In the rain, we can’t play football. We can’t go hiking, either. (呈現(xiàn):either)學(xué)生跟讀either,感悟單詞的用法,教師講解意思:(不......),也不...啟發(fā)學(xué)生用either說兩句話:In the rain, I can’t ... I can’t ..., either,從而在應(yīng)用中鞏固單詞的讀音和用法。
說明:在幫Li Lei提建議的同時(shí),教育學(xué)生如何學(xué)好英語。第三課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 語言目標(biāo):a) 詞匯: Original, in style, haircut, the same as.b) 語言結(jié)構(gòu):My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do.2. 能力目標(biāo):大多數(shù)學(xué)生能夠談?wù)撟约合矚g哪種服裝,提高查找信息的能力。3. 情感目標(biāo):學(xué)會(huì)如何與朋友相處,要有自己對時(shí)尚的看法。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)掌握一些重要詞匯。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)搯栴},并能提出書面建議?!艚虒W(xué)突破首先針對Erin的問題,提出個(gè)人的建議,模仿2c部分的對話展開雙人交際Pair-work;聽老師誦讀3a部分的信件,并找出LEFT OUT的問題所在;學(xué)生完成3b部分的內(nèi)容,給Left Out提出書面的建議;學(xué)以口頭形式提出自己目前存在的某個(gè)問題,講給大家聽,讓同學(xué)們給自己提出一個(gè)建議,并作筆錄;學(xué)生兩、三個(gè)人分成一組,隨意性地進(jìn)行口語交際,談?wù)揚(yáng)14的第4部分的某個(gè)問題,相互交換意見。
區(qū)分賓語從句、定于從句和狀語從句賓語從句和狀語從句,都叫做主從復(fù)合句。賓語從句主要是中考必考的,是初中階段必掌握的從句,賓語從句主要是掌握三要素,所謂賓語從句,就是賓語在主從復(fù)合句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)賓語的一個(gè)句子,叫做賓語從句。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,后面如果是詞或者是短語的話,是簡單句,如果是句子的話,肯定是賓語從句。I know that he good at English.就是賓語從句,三要素,一要素是要注意連詞,連詞一共學(xué)了三類連詞,一類連詞是that口語當(dāng)中可以省略,就像剛才說的那一句,I hear he is good at English.還有疑問代詞、疑問副詞,how where when,疑問代詞、疑問副詞。還有一類連詞weather是否的意思,不是狀語從句當(dāng)中的如果,這一定要和如果區(qū)分開,這是是否。I don't know if he interested at English。賓語從句要注意if是連詞。第二要素是語序,要用陳述舉語序。比如說你家有幾口人,我們都說How many people are there in you family?但是這是簡單句,一旦說成賓語從句,你可以告訴我你家有幾口人嗎?Could you tell me how many people there are in you family ?
This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.
Step Ⅱ Show the new words on the screen and teach the new words. Read the new words to students and ask them to repeat.Step Ⅲ 3aThis activity introduces new vocabulary and provides reading practice using the target language.In this activity first look at the four pictures.T: What can you see in the pictures?Ss: Four snow globes.T: Right. There are four snow globes in the pictures. And what are they?Ss: They are a monster, two polar bears, two penguins and a birthday cake.Write these words on the blackboard: snow globe; monster; polar bear; penguin and birthday cake. Read them to the class and ask students to repeat each one. Make sure students understand each word.Use a computer to show the E-mail message on the screen and read the message to students.Get students to read the e-mail on their own, and then draw lines connecting each snow globe and its description.Correct the answers.AnswersA line should connect each snow globe picture with the words that describe it in the letter.Step Ⅳ 3bThis activity provides writing practice using the target language.First review Activity 2a on Page 47.Then ask students to complete the message according to Activity 2a.Some partial sentences are given to students. Write about one person's collection.When students work, walk around the room checking the progress and offering help as needed.When they finish, ask some students to read their messages to the class.
(一).知識(shí)方面: 1.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能運(yùn)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)來描述、談?wù)撨^去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作的意識(shí)和能力,能就過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作做出正確的描述。 2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力和角色扮演的合作能力。 3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生講述過去發(fā)生的事情經(jīng)過的能力。能正確運(yùn)用一般過去時(shí)來講述故事。 (二).技能方面: 1.本單元的語言目標(biāo)是Talk about past events and tell a story(談?wù)撨^去的時(shí)間和講述一個(gè)故事),圍繞這一目標(biāo),要涉及句型: What were you doing when the UFO arrived? ----I was sitting in the barber’s chair. The barber was cutting my hair. 因此必須學(xué)習(xí)standing、studying、cleaning、sleeping、cooking、making、eating、cutting、等表示地點(diǎn)的詞,以便為上述句型提供語言材料。2.學(xué)習(xí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的有關(guān)知識(shí)。Was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞,是該時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)式。 3.在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,要區(qū)分The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.和While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.這兩種由when和while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。注意它們的不同。
教師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)有關(guān)描述寵物的詞匯,采用教師提問學(xué)生回答的方進(jìn)行。如:T:What animals do you think would be good pets?What animals do you think would be bad pets?What do you think are good animals for a six-year-old child?然后學(xué)生進(jìn)行 pairwork 練習(xí)。Task two: 師生互動(dòng),學(xué)習(xí)探究 1、播放3a部分的錄音,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生一邊聽錄音,一邊跟讀。2、通過聽錄音學(xué)生回答以下問題:Why do you think pot-bellied pigs are popular?What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet?教師對學(xué)生的回答進(jìn)行及時(shí)點(diǎn)評。3.學(xué)習(xí)范文,學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)短語,為下步的模仿寫作提供語言素材。T :1. )Have you ever kept a pig as a pet?Do you like pigs? St.:No.…Why don’t you like to keep a pig? St: No.They’re too dirty and lazy(Do you know in some foreign countries like Hollyland, Australia,pigs are the most popular pet.there’s a kind of pig.(圖)it has an interesting name? it ‘s called a pot-bellied pig.) Now,let’s learn an article about this kind of interesting pet.2.)play the tapeSt.:Listen and repeat3.)show some Qs on computer(本子St.: read silently,then answerthe Qs(本子)4.)Ask ss. Close book and retell this passage.(what is a pot-bellied pig? Is it a good or bad pet? ) St.: retell it to each other“A pot –bellied pig is a popular pet now…”5.read the article together.St.:.practice reading
Step 4. Group work (4)1. Ask a pair of students to read the dialogue. Say, This activity provides speaking, listening and writing practice using the target language.2. Ask students to complete the work in groups.3. Check the answers with the whole class. 4. Explain some of the language points. Step 5. Word review (Self check 1)1. Ask students to read the words and the phrases given. 2. Fill in the blanks with proper forms of these words to complete the sentences. 3. Check the answers with the whole class. Homework:Do activity 2 on page 57 after class. Period 6Teaching aims: 1. Teach vocabulary words and the useful expressions. 2. Enable the students to learn etiquette in different culture. 3. Help the students learn how to behave politely in public places and in daily life. Teaching procedures:Step 1. RevisionHelp students to review the function of making requests through a free talk. Then lead them to the topic of etiquette. Explain the meaning of etiquette. Or, ask students to look it up in the dictionary. Step 2. Pre-reading (Section 1)1. Ask students to read the picture and make a list with their partner about how many rules of etiquette can be seen being broken.
(6)交流。6的乘法口訣一共有幾句?口訣中的第一個(gè)數(shù)與算式中的第二個(gè)因數(shù)相同,表示什么?口訣中的第二個(gè)數(shù)與算式的第一個(gè)因數(shù)相同,表示什么?相鄰兩句口訣的積相差幾?哪幾句難記一些?你用什么方法記呢?怎樣記住"三六十八"、"四六二十四"兩句口訣?教師在學(xué)生發(fā)言的基礎(chǔ)上鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生大膽說、想出不同記口訣的方法。(7)應(yīng)用"做一做"第1題(學(xué)生半獨(dú)立完成):①用6根小棒擺1個(gè)六邊形;②擺2個(gè)六邊形要用多少根小棒?你是怎樣想的?(想口訣"二六十二"。)③運(yùn)用所學(xué)的口訣口答擺4個(gè)、6個(gè)、3個(gè)、5個(gè)六邊形所需要向小棒數(shù)。"做一做"第2題(獨(dú)立完成):①將第2題改為填空題,在圓圈內(nèi)填寫正確的積;②口答得數(shù),并說一說所用口訣。
三、利用乘法口訣進(jìn)行計(jì)算1.復(fù)習(xí)口訣的含義。任意挑出一句乘法口訣(兩個(gè)因數(shù)不同的),讓學(xué)生說說它表示什么意思。如"七八五十六",使學(xué)生知道它既表示8個(gè)7相加是56,又表示?個(gè)8相加是56。2.以游戲的方式開展用口訣進(jìn)行計(jì)算的活動(dòng)。(1)已知兩個(gè)因數(shù)求積的游戲。方法是:請一位學(xué)生隨意說出一個(gè)兩位數(shù),另一位學(xué)生則將這個(gè)兩位數(shù)的十位數(shù)字與個(gè)位數(shù)字相乘,并算出結(jié)果,如果結(jié)果又是一個(gè)兩位數(shù),再將這個(gè)兩位數(shù)的十位數(shù)字和個(gè)位數(shù)字相乘,直至結(jié)果是一位數(shù)或零。如,一位學(xué)生說:"79",另一位學(xué)生則口算:7X9=636X3=181X8=8;一位學(xué)生說:"58":另一位學(xué)生口算:5X8=404X0=0(告訴學(xué)生0和一個(gè)數(shù)相乘得零)一位學(xué)生報(bào)了3個(gè)數(shù)以后,互換角色進(jìn)行。(2)已知積求兩個(gè)因數(shù)的游戲。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1.會(huì)畫直棱柱(僅限于直三棱柱和直四棱柱)的三種視圖,體會(huì)這幾種幾何體與其視圖之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。2. 會(huì)根據(jù)三視圖描述原幾何體。教學(xué)重點(diǎn):掌握直棱柱的三視圖的畫法。能根據(jù)三視圖描述原幾何體。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):幾何體與視圖之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。培養(yǎng)空間想像觀念。課型:新授課教學(xué)方法:觀察實(shí)踐法一、實(shí)物觀察、空間想像觀察:請同學(xué)們拿出事先準(zhǔn)備好的直三棱柱、直四棱柱,根據(jù)你所擺放的位置經(jīng)過 想像,再抽象出這兩個(gè)直棱柱的主視圖,左視圖和俯視圖。繪制:請你將抽象出來的三種視圖畫出來,并與同伴交流。比較:小亮畫出了其中一個(gè)幾何體的主視圖、左視圖和俯視圖,你認(rèn)為他畫的對不對?談?wù)勀愕目捶?。拓展:?dāng)你手中的兩個(gè)直棱柱擺放的角度變化時(shí),它們的三種視圖是否會(huì)隨之改變?試一試。
探索1:上節(jié)我們列出了與地毯的花邊寬度有關(guān)的方程。地毯花邊的寬x(m),滿足方程 (8―2x)(5―2x)=18也就是:2x2―13x+11=0你能估算出地毯花邊的寬度x嗎?(1)x可能小于0嗎?說說你的理由;_____________________________.(2)x可能大于4嗎?可能大于2.5嗎?為什么?(3)完成下表x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.52x2-13x+11 (4)你知道地毯花邊的寬x(m)是多少嗎?還有其他求解方法嗎?與同伴交流。探索2:梯子底端滑動(dòng)的距離x(m)滿足方程(x+6)2+72=102,也就是x2+12x―15=0(1)你能猜出滑動(dòng)距離x(m)的大致范圍嗎?(2)x的整數(shù)部分是_____?十分位是_______?x 0 x2+12x-15 所以 ___<x<___進(jìn)一步計(jì)算x x2+12x-15 所以 ___<x<___因此x 的整數(shù)部分是___,十分位是___.三、當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練:完成課本34頁隨堂練習(xí)四、學(xué)習(xí)體會(huì):五、課后作業(yè)
三、課堂檢測:(一)、判斷題(是一無二次方程的在括號(hào)內(nèi)劃“√”,不是一元二次方程的,在括號(hào)內(nèi)劃“×”)1. 5x2+1=0 ( ) 2. 3x2+ +1=0 ( )3. 4x2=ax(其中a為常數(shù)) ( ) 4.2x2+3x=0 ( )5. =2x ( ) 6. =2x ( ) (二)、填空題.1.方程5(x2- x+1)=-3 x+2的一般形式是__________,其二次項(xiàng)是__________,一次項(xiàng)是__________,常數(shù)項(xiàng)是__________.2.如果方程ax2+5=(x+2)(x-1)是關(guān)于x的一元二次方程,則a__________.3.關(guān)于x的方程(m-4)x2+(m+4)x+2m+3=0,當(dāng)m__________時(shí),是一元二次方程,當(dāng)m__________時(shí),是一元一次方程。四、學(xué)習(xí)體會(huì):五、課后作業(yè)
(4)議一議:頻率與概率有什么區(qū)別和聯(lián)系?隨著重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)次數(shù)的不斷增加,頻率的變化趨勢如何?結(jié)論:從上面的試驗(yàn)可以看到:當(dāng)重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的次數(shù)大量增加時(shí),事件發(fā) 生的頻率就穩(wěn)定在相應(yīng)的概率附近,因此,我們可以通過大量重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn),用一個(gè)事件發(fā)生的頻率來估計(jì)這一事件發(fā)生的概率。三、做一做:1.某運(yùn)動(dòng)員投籃5次, 投中4次,能否說該運(yùn)動(dòng)員投一次籃,投中的概率為4/5?為什么?2.回答下列問題:(1)抽檢1000件襯衣,其中不合格的襯衣有2件,由 此估計(jì)抽1件襯衣合格的概率是多少?(2)1998年,在美國密歇根州漢諾城市的一個(gè)農(nóng)場里出生了1頭白色的小奶牛,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),平均出生1千萬頭牛才會(huì)有1頭是白色的,由此估計(jì)出生一頭奶牛為白色的概率為多少?