Step 3 Meaning1. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。一般由“would/should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來(lái)有一天他們能再見(jiàn)面。2. was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形: 表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常用于口語(yǔ)中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開(kāi)始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來(lái)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計(jì)劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來(lái)計(jì)劃做某事, 動(dòng)作沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說(shuō)她本來(lái)想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來(lái)。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個(gè)朋友。
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說(shuō)Who,其意思是問(wèn),對(duì)方想讓誰(shuí)在開(kāi)場(chǎng)時(shí)致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來(lái)就回來(lái)。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語(yǔ))2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語(yǔ))3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語(yǔ))4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語(yǔ))5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語(yǔ))Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式不僅可以用來(lái)表目的,還可以用來(lái)作定語(yǔ),表修飾。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
四、說(shuō)教學(xué)過(guò)程:1、導(dǎo)入新課:以視頻形式導(dǎo)入新課,說(shuō)明環(huán)境問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生原因,引出人地關(guān)系的重要性2、新課講授:學(xué)習(xí)主題一:過(guò)去——人地關(guān)系的歷史回顧以動(dòng)畫(huà)形式展現(xiàn)人地關(guān)系思想的發(fā)展,激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)本專(zhuān)題的興趣,歸納人與自然關(guān)系的演變過(guò)程。學(xué)習(xí)主題二:現(xiàn)狀——直面環(huán)境問(wèn)題以人類(lèi)與環(huán)境關(guān)系模式圖說(shuō)明環(huán)境問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因,人地關(guān)系實(shí)質(zhì);以因果聯(lián)系框圖培養(yǎng)學(xué)生判讀方法,了解人口、資源與環(huán)境三者之間的關(guān)系;通過(guò)閱讀課文,了解環(huán)境問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型及其空間差異的表現(xiàn);以圖表了解不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)環(huán)境問(wèn)題在空間軸上的表現(xiàn);以《京都議定書(shū)》為引子說(shuō)明保護(hù)環(huán)境是全人類(lèi)的共同使命學(xué)習(xí)主題三:未來(lái)——可持續(xù)發(fā)展展示“可持續(xù)發(fā)展示意圖”理解可持續(xù)發(fā)展內(nèi)涵、原則
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】知識(shí)與技能:理解環(huán)境承載力與環(huán)境人口容量的含義、兩者的關(guān)系以及環(huán)境人口容量的影響因素;理解人口合理容量的含義,影響因素并掌握保持人口合理容量的做法;結(jié)合中國(guó)國(guó)情提出適合中國(guó)保持合理人口容量的措施過(guò)程與方法:通過(guò)問(wèn)題探究及案例分析理解環(huán)境承載力與環(huán)境人口容量的關(guān)系及影響因素;通過(guò)問(wèn)題探討掌握保持人口合理容量的措施。情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:樹(shù)立并強(qiáng)化學(xué)生的可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀念,科學(xué)發(fā)展觀。激發(fā)學(xué)生愛(ài)國(guó)情感更多地關(guān)注國(guó)家國(guó)情,樹(shù)立主人翁意識(shí)保護(hù)地球強(qiáng)大祖國(guó)?!窘虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)】環(huán)境人口容量的內(nèi)涵以及影響因素人口合理容量的影響因素以及措施【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】環(huán)境人口容量的內(nèi)涵以及影響因素人口合理容量的影響因素以及措施二、說(shuō)教法【教學(xué)方法】案例分析、問(wèn)題探究、歸納總結(jié)
(一)教材的地位與作用本節(jié)描述地球所處的宇宙環(huán)境包括兩部分內(nèi)容,一是能在天體系統(tǒng)中確定地球所在位置,二是結(jié)合太陽(yáng)燃燒的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)和大行星運(yùn)軌道特征,說(shuō)明地球存在生命的宇宙環(huán)境特征。這里需要補(bǔ)充太陽(yáng)大小長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的燃燒保證地球表面長(zhǎng)期保持適宜的溫度,有利生命進(jìn)化;大小行星公轉(zhuǎn)各行其道,保證地球宇宙環(huán)境的安全。這兩點(diǎn)宜在討論地球是特殊的行星時(shí)補(bǔ)充。說(shuō)明地球是太陽(yáng)系中一顆既普通又特殊的行星要通過(guò) 3引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從圖文資料中找出地球與其他行星在運(yùn)動(dòng)特征和結(jié)構(gòu)特征上的共性以及軌道位置和自身?xiàng)l件上的特性。運(yùn)動(dòng)特征共性包括同向性、共面性和近圓性;結(jié)構(gòu)特征主要是通過(guò)與類(lèi)地行星比較得出地球在質(zhì)量和體積方面不具特殊性。地球上存在生命主要是因?yàn)槿盏鼐嚯x適中,所以有適合的溫度;因?yàn)榈厍蛸|(zhì)量和體積適中,所以能吸引住大氣形成厚度、壓力適合的大氣層;因?yàn)榈厍虼嬖趲r漿活動(dòng),所以有地球內(nèi)部氫氧分異化合的水汽溢出形成海洋。
1.導(dǎo)入新課:用觸目精心的一首MTV《EARTHSONG》導(dǎo)入新課,引出人類(lèi)已經(jīng)面臨嚴(yán)峻的人口、資源與環(huán)境的危機(jī)。而中國(guó)是世界上人口最龐大的國(guó)家,人口、資源與環(huán)境問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重。既然我們知道了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概況,了解了它的發(fā)展過(guò)程,從上節(jié)課內(nèi)容的分析中,也理解了作為人類(lèi)的發(fā)展,可持續(xù)是唯一的選擇,也是我們所追求的目標(biāo),那么,具體到我們國(guó)家、我們周?chē)纳a(chǎn)、生活情況又該如何呢?2.新課講授:首先,通過(guò)三則補(bǔ)充材料的案例和課本上的內(nèi)容分別說(shuō)明龐大的人口壓力,資源短缺和不合理利用,深刻的環(huán)境危機(jī)方面的問(wèn)題,得出走可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路是我國(guó)的必然的唯一的選擇。接著通過(guò)《中國(guó)21世紀(jì)議程》——中國(guó)21世紀(jì)人口環(huán)境與發(fā)展的白皮書(shū)的過(guò)渡引出實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展的途徑。在這部分內(nèi)容的講解上,主要通過(guò)其中一種主要途徑-循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的講解,特別是對(duì)清潔生產(chǎn)和生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的具體分析,總結(jié)出中國(guó)走可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路事在必行,行必有果。再通過(guò)完成課本上最后一個(gè)活動(dòng)題對(duì)本節(jié)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行深化。
一、說(shuō)教材的地位和作用《細(xì)胞中的元素和化合物》是人教版教材生物必修一第二章第1節(jié)內(nèi)容?!都?xì)胞中的元素和化合物》這一節(jié),首先在節(jié)的引言中,明確指出自然界的生物體中的元素是生物有選擇地從無(wú)機(jī)自然界中獲得的,沒(méi)有一種元素是細(xì)胞特有的。但細(xì)胞與非生物相比,各元素的含量又大不相同。說(shuō)明生物界與非生物界具有統(tǒng)一性和差異性。這部分內(nèi)容較為淺顯,但是結(jié)論非常重要,對(duì)于學(xué)生了解生物的物質(zhì)性具有重要意義二、說(shuō)教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)本教材的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容分析,結(jié)合著高一年級(jí)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)及心理特征,我制定了以下的教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)目標(biāo):知道組成細(xì)胞的主要元素;知道為什么碳元素是構(gòu)成細(xì)胞的基本元素2、能力目標(biāo):學(xué)會(huì)檢測(cè)生物組織中的糖類(lèi)、脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)的方法。(1)通過(guò)對(duì)C元素的分析,說(shuō)明有機(jī)化合物形成的可能性及必然性,初步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生跨學(xué)科綜合分析問(wèn)題的能力。(2)通過(guò)對(duì)組成細(xì)胞中的元素的百分比的分析,通過(guò)對(duì)不同化合物的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的學(xué)習(xí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生理解、思考和分析問(wèn)題的能力。
一、說(shuō)教材(一)教材的地位與作用本節(jié)內(nèi)容是本單元知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中重要的一環(huán),具有承上啟下的作用。由于各種天氣現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生與大氣的熱力狀況、大氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)有密切的聯(lián)系,所以,本課是在綜合前兩節(jié)內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,闡述常見(jiàn)的天氣現(xiàn)象的成因。在實(shí)際生活中,天氣系統(tǒng)與人們的生產(chǎn)、生活密切相關(guān)。本課所講的內(nèi)容對(duì)于學(xué)生了解天氣變化的最基本因素,普及天氣預(yù)報(bào)知識(shí)具有積極的意義。(二)教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)知識(shí)與技能目標(biāo):⑴從圖片和簡(jiǎn)易圖中,知道氣團(tuán)(冷氣團(tuán)、暖氣團(tuán))的概念;鋒的概念與分類(lèi);低壓(氣旋)、高壓(反氣旋)、高壓脊、低壓槽的概念。 ⑵從氣溫、氣壓、濕度、降水、風(fēng)等幾方面分析各種天氣系統(tǒng)的形成及其氣流特點(diǎn),并綜合出各種天氣系統(tǒng)控制下的天氣狀況。⑶知道低壓槽和高壓脊概念及在圖上的表示方法。(2)過(guò)程與方法目標(biāo):⑴讓學(xué)生能閱讀和簡(jiǎn)單分析天氣圖,解釋天氣變化現(xiàn)象;⑵用案例說(shuō)明氣象災(zāi)害發(fā)生的原因和危害;
(一)教材的地位與作用本節(jié)主要闡述太陽(yáng)輻射和太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)對(duì)地球的影響。太陽(yáng)輻射對(duì)地球的影響主要是從太陽(yáng)為地球提供能量這個(gè)方面來(lái)闡述,通過(guò)圖片的形式從四個(gè)方面來(lái)分析。不應(yīng)讓學(xué)生記憶這四個(gè)方面,需要?dú)w納為:(1)直接或間接(化石燃料)為地球提供大部分能量。(2)維持四大圈層物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量交換,決定地理環(huán)境的基本特征。(二)教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)知識(shí)與技能目標(biāo):1.闡述太陽(yáng)對(duì)地球的影響。太陽(yáng)對(duì)地球的影響,包括太陽(yáng)輻射對(duì)地球的影響和太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)對(duì)地球的影響。2.太陽(yáng)輻射的概念、來(lái)源、波長(zhǎng)等只作一般了解;太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)對(duì)地球影像是通過(guò)作用氣候、地球電離層和磁場(chǎng)而發(fā)生的,主要包括磁暴、無(wú)線(xiàn)電短波通訊被干擾、極光和氣候異常等。3.教材涉及太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的概念、標(biāo)志和周期需要明確,而太陽(yáng)大氣分層及對(duì)應(yīng)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)現(xiàn)象只作一般了解。
(一)教材的地位與作用教材的第一部分就從地質(zhì)作用的能量來(lái)源的角度,講述了內(nèi)力作用和外力作用及其表現(xiàn)形式;又以地質(zhì)作用不同的表現(xiàn)形式,來(lái)說(shuō)明了激烈迅速的地質(zhì)作用和極其緩慢的地質(zhì)作用,從而使學(xué)生理解地表形態(tài)的變化及這種變化的時(shí)間尺度。第二部分,從三大類(lèi)巖石的相互轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)胧?,圖文結(jié)合,闡明了在內(nèi)外力作用的參與下地殼物質(zhì)循環(huán)的過(guò)程及其地理意義,該部分內(nèi)容可以看作是全課教材的小結(jié)。(二)教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)知識(shí)與技能目標(biāo):1、結(jié)合實(shí)例,說(shuō)明內(nèi)力作用的能量來(lái)源及其表現(xiàn)形式,理解地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)是塑造地表形態(tài)的主要作用方式。2、說(shuō)明外力作用的四種形式及其相互關(guān)系,嘗試識(shí)別外力作用形成的不同地貌。3、會(huì)用圖文資料說(shuō)明地殼物質(zhì)循環(huán)的過(guò)程及其產(chǎn)生循環(huán)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)——三大類(lèi)巖石的轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程。4、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用地理圖表分析歸納的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生與其它同學(xué)交流、表達(dá)的能力。
(一)教材的地位與作用教材第一部分的順序是:先給學(xué)生洋流的概念以及洋流按照性質(zhì)的分類(lèi),接著說(shuō)明洋流的主要成因與盛行風(fēng)有關(guān)。并結(jié)合風(fēng)帶與洋流模式圖總結(jié)和歸納了洋流的分布規(guī)律。最后,給出世界表層洋流的冬季分布圖,讓學(xué)生讀圖思考的問(wèn)題主要涉及洋流的分布規(guī)律和原因。教材第二部分闡述了洋流對(duì)地理環(huán)境四個(gè)方面的影響。教材的順序和要求與課標(biāo)要求、學(xué)生認(rèn)知規(guī)律有矛盾的地方,需要重組教學(xué)的順序——先由洋流對(duì)地理環(huán)境和人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的影響的例子來(lái)設(shè)置懸念,激發(fā)學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)的欲望,提供材料歸納世界表層洋流的分布規(guī)律,再探究其主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力。(二)教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)知識(shí)與技能目標(biāo):①運(yùn)用地圖,從分布位置、運(yùn)動(dòng)方向、寒暖流的位置來(lái)歸納世界表層洋流的分布規(guī)律②畫(huà)出世界表層洋流的分布簡(jiǎn)單模式圖③掌握洋流的主要成因
(一)教材的地位與作用第一部分的內(nèi)容——山岳的形成,教材首先指出山岳的形成和內(nèi)力作用關(guān)系密切,然后對(duì)褶皺山、斷塊山和火山的成因、基本形態(tài)特征和規(guī)模進(jìn)行分析。由于褶皺山和斷塊山是形成于一定的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造上的,所以教材在講述這兩種山岳的形成時(shí),都先從褶皺和斷層這兩種最基本的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造開(kāi)始講起,并且教材還配以閱讀材料和活動(dòng)題來(lái)幫助學(xué)生更好地掌握這部分內(nèi)容。第二部分的內(nèi)容——山岳對(duì)交通的影響,教材主要分析了山岳對(duì)交通三方面的影響:對(duì)運(yùn)輸線(xiàn)路結(jié)構(gòu)、對(duì)線(xiàn)路分布格局和線(xiàn)路延伸方向的影響,并且設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的活動(dòng)題幫助學(xué)生理解。(二)教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)知識(shí)與技能目標(biāo):1.了解褶皺的概念和基本形態(tài),掌握正確判斷背斜和向斜的方法,理解褶皺山的概念。2.了解斷層的概念,掌握斷層對(duì)地表形態(tài)的影響,理解斷塊山的概念。3.了解火山的形成過(guò)程,掌握火山的組成。